| Contributors |
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ix | |
| Preface |
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xi | |
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I NEUROCIRCUITRY OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE |
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1 Frameworks of Alcohol Addiction |
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Definitions and Conceptual Framework for Negative Reinforcement in Alcoholism |
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3 | (3) |
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Motivation, Withdrawal, Opponent Process, and Compulsive Use |
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6 | (2) |
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Animal Models for Compulsive Alcohol Seeking |
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8 | (2) |
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Neural Substrates of the Negative Emotional State Associated with Alcoholism |
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10 | (7) |
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17 | (1) |
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Stress-Induced Reinstatement |
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17 | (1) |
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Corticotropin-Releasing Factor, Stress, and the Frontal Cortex |
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18 | (1) |
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Cellular Mechanisms that Mediate the Neuroplasticity of the Dark Side in the Extended Amygdala |
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19 | (1) |
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Negative Reinforcement in Alcoholism: An Allostatic View |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (7) |
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2 Cortico-Basal Ganglia Networks and the Neural Substrates of Actions |
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The Problem of Motivated Behavior |
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29 | (9) |
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Neural Basis of Motivated Behavior |
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38 | (5) |
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Implications for Alcohol Addiction |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (4) |
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3 Prefrontal Limbic-Striatal Circuits and Alcohol Addiction in Humans |
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49 | (1) |
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The Prefrontal-Limbic-Striatal Circuit |
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50 | (2) |
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Acute Effects of Alcohol on the Prefrontal-Limbic-Striatal Circuit |
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52 | (1) |
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Alcohol Addiction and Effects on the Prefrontal-Limbic-Striatal Circuit Function |
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53 | (2) |
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Dysfunction in the PLS Circuit and Alcohol-Relapse Risk |
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55 | (3) |
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Conclusions and Future Directions |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (6) |
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4 Molecular Adaptations in Mesolimbic Circuitry and Pathological Ethanol Intake |
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65 | (2) |
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Passive versus Active Exposure Models |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (4) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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Adaptations in the CRF System |
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74 | (1) |
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Other Peptides and Modulators |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (7) |
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5 The Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis: A Critical Site of Ethanol-Induced Alterations in Neurotransmission |
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Emily Geyer Lowery-Gionta |
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BNST Chemoarchitecture and Major Divisions |
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84 | (4) |
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Ethanol Effects on the BNST: Known and Potential Targets |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (2) |
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Conclusions and Future Directions |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (6) |
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6 The Effects of Stress on Measures of Alcohol Drinking in Rodents |
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97 | (1) |
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Genetic Differences in Stress Systems Contribute to Alcohol Consumption |
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98 | (1) |
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Relationship between Withdrawal and Alcohol Consumption |
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99 | (2) |
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Effects of Stress on Alcohol Consumption/Intake |
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101 | (1) |
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Stress-Induced Reinstatement |
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102 | (2) |
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Effects of Ethanol Exposure on Stress-Related Behaviors |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (6) |
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7 Alcohol and Developing Neuronal Circuits |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (5) |
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117 | (3) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (8) |
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8 Human Imaging Studies of Brain Circuitry Disrupted by Alcoholism |
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131 | (1) |
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The "Incomplete Lesion" as the Underlying Neuropathology of Alcoholism |
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132 | (1) |
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Alcoholism Affects Selective Brain Systems, Leaving Others Relatively Intact |
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132 | (4) |
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Intrinsic Functional Networks: Resting-State Functional-Connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) |
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136 | (7) |
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Evidence for a Structural Substrate of Functional Connectivity |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (10) |
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II NEUROSIGNALING AND NEUROPLASTICITY OF ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE |
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9 From Signaling Pathways to Behavior |
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155 | (1) |
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Adverse Actions of Alcohol |
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156 | (1) |
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Acute Alcohol-Induced Sedation and Rapid Tolerance |
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156 | (2) |
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Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol-Mediated Stress and Anxiety |
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158 | (1) |
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Alcohol-Seeking and Excessive-Drinking Behaviors |
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159 | (1) |
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Maladaptive Plasticity, Learning and Memory |
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160 | (1) |
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Protective Signaling Pathways |
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161 | (3) |
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Dysregulation of Protective Genes |
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164 | (1) |
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Concluding Remarks and Future Directions |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (7) |
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10 Glutamate Signaling in Alcohol Abuse and Dependence |
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Introduction and Review of Glutamate Receptors |
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173 | (4) |
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177 | (2) |
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Association of iGluRs with Intracellular Proteins |
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179 | (1) |
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Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors |
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180 | (6) |
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Alcohol Effects on Glutamate Receptor Signaling |
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186 | (4) |
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Defining a Site of Action of Ethanol on iGluRs |
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190 | (2) |
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Involvement of GluRs in Ethanol Consumption and Dependence |
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192 | (5) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (10) |
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11 Central Amygdala Neuroplasticity in Alcohol Dependence |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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In Vitro Slice Electrophysiology in CeA |
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208 | (1) |
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Alcohol Effects on CeA Excitatory Glutamatergic System |
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209 | (1) |
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Alcohol Effects on CeA Inhibitory GABAergic System |
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210 | (1) |
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Neuropeptide Effects on Synaptic Transmission in the CeA |
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211 | (8) |
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Conclusion: The Central Amygdala is a HUB for Alcohol Use Disorders |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (7) |
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12 Neural Plasticity in the Ventral Tegmental Area and Alcohol Addiction |
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227 | (2) |
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Ethanol Effects on Intrinsic Excitability of DA Neurons |
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229 | (2) |
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Ethanol Effects on Synaptic Inputs onto DA Neurons |
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231 | (2) |
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Ethanol Effects on Activity-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in DA Neurons |
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233 | (4) |
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Effects of Other Life Experiences on VTA DA Neurons and Alcoholism/Addiction Vulnerability |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (10) |
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13 Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors and Alcohol |
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251 | (1) |
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Pharmacological Effects of Moderate-to-Low Concentrations of Alcohol |
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252 | (1) |
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GABAA Receptors and Alcohol |
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252 | (1) |
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Synaptic and Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptors |
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252 | (1) |
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Alcohol's Interaction with GABAA Receptors: Mediation of Alcohol's Reinforcing Effects? |
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253 | (3) |
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Knockdown of the GABAA δ Subunit in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell Reduces Alcohol's Reinforcing Properties |
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256 | (1) |
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Subregion Specificity in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell |
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256 | (1) |
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How Do α4βδ GABAA Receptors in the Medial Shell Contribute to Alcohol's Reinforcing Effects? |
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257 | (1) |
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Alcohol's Actions at α4βδ GABAA Receptors: Direct or Indirect? |
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257 | (1) |
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Other GABAA-Receptor Isoforms and Alcohol's Reinforcing Properties |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (6) |
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14 Cannabinoids and the Neural Actions of Alcohol |
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267 | (1) |
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Endocannabinoids: Molecular Properties, Synthesis, Degradation, and Receptors |
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268 | (2) |
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Acute Interactions Between EtOH and Molecular Constituents of the EC System |
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270 | (3) |
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Effects of CB1 Activation on EtOH-Associated Behaviors |
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273 | (1) |
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Effects of Chronic Alcohol on the Endocannabinoid System |
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274 | (8) |
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Allelic Variants of the CNR1 Gene and the Susceptibility to Alcohol Dependence |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (8) |
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15 Impact of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence on the Structure and Function of the Prefrontal Cortex |
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292 | (2) |
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Effects of Alcohol on PFC Structure and Function |
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294 | (3) |
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Cognitive Modulation of Ensemble Organization in the PFC |
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297 | (3) |
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Chronic Alcohol and Resting-State Synchrony |
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300 | (1) |
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Prefrontal-Striatal Networks and Top-Down Control of Behavior |
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301 | (2) |
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Stress-Induced Changes in PFC Function |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (2) |
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Adolescence and Delayed Cortical Development |
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307 | (1) |
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Impact of Alcohol on Adolescent PFC Development |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (11) |
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16 Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Development of Functional and Behavioral Tolerance to Alcohol |
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321 | (1) |
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Attributes of Molecular Alcohol Tolerance in BK Channels |
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322 | (9) |
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Ethanol Regulation of NMDA and AMPA Receptor Subunits |
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331 | (1) |
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Ethanol Regulation of GABA-A Receptor Subunits |
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332 | (1) |
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Kinase Regulation of Ion Channel Function |
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332 | (5) |
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Scaffolding/Cytoskeletal Protein Interactions Regulating Channel Function |
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337 | (1) |
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Lipid Environment Influences Molecular Tolerance Observed in the BK Channel |
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338 | (2) |
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Role of Palmitoylation in Regulating Ion Channel Function and Distribution |
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340 | (2) |
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Molecular Tolerance of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels is Coordinated with Tolerance of the BK Channel in Nerve Terminals |
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342 | (1) |
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Ethanol Regulation of Gene Transcription |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (6) |
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349 | (1) |
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Epigenetics: A General Overview |
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349 | (1) |
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Epigenetic Modifications: An Overview |
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350 | (2) |
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Alcohol, Epigenetics, and Gene Expression: An Overview |
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352 | (3) |
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Summary and Future Directions |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (3) |
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18 The Genetic Complexity of Alcohol Drinking in Rodents |
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359 | (1) |
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Rodent Assays of Alcohol Drinking |
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360 | (2) |
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Genetic Contributions to Alcohol Drinking Assays |
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362 | (8) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (7) |
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19 Alcohol Dependence, Withdrawal, and Relapse |
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377 | (1) |
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Animal Models of Alcohol Dependence and Withdrawal |
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378 | (8) |
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Alcohol Dependence, Withdrawal, and Relapse Drinking |
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386 | (10) |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (16) |
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20 Drinking to Dependence Risk Factors in Nonhuman Primates |
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Nonhuman Primate Models of Drinking to Dependence |
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412 | (4) |
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416 | (3) |
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419 | (3) |
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Risk Factors: Age of Onset |
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422 | (1) |
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Risk Factors: Temperament |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (5) |
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21 The Potential Role of Glucocorticoids and the HPA Axis in Alcohol Dependence |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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Determinants of HPA Axis Activity |
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431 | (4) |
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Glucocorticoid Mechanisms in the Etiology of AUDs |
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435 | (3) |
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Therapeutic Targets in the Brain Stress System |
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438 | (2) |
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Summary and Future Directions |
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440 | (1) |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (10) |
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22 Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorders |
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451 | (1) |
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Relationship between Anxiety and Alcoholism: A Clinical View |
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452 | (1) |
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Relationship between Anxiety and Alcoholism: A Preclinical View |
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452 | (1) |
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Brain Circuitry Involved in Comorbidity of Anxiety and Alcoholism |
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453 | (2) |
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Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Perspective from Molecular Studies |
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455 | (3) |
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Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Perspective from Epigenetic Studies |
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458 | (3) |
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461 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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461 | (6) |
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23 The Genetics of Alcohol Responses of Invertebrate Model Systems |
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467 | (1) |
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Ethanol Exposure and Behavioral Responses |
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468 | (7) |
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Genes and Pathways Involved in Behavioral Ethanol Responses |
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475 | (13) |
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Neuronal Circuits Mediating Ethanol Responses |
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488 | (1) |
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489 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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490 | (7) |
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24 MicroRNAs in Alcohol Abuse and Toxicity |
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497 | (1) |
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Emergence of ncRNAs (and miRNAs) as Dominant Transcriptional Output from Genomes |
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498 | (3) |
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A Historical Perspective on miRNAs: Scientific Curiosity to Cellular Necessity |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (4) |
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506 | (3) |
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Mechanisms for Regulating miRNA Biogenesis and Function: Potential Targets of Ethanol or Determinants of Ethanol Susceptibility |
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509 | (6) |
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Evidence for a General Model of Drug Abuse and miRNA Function |
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515 | (1) |
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Conclusion and Potential for miRNA Therapeutics |
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516 | (1) |
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516 | (1) |
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516 | (7) |
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25 Contributions of Genomic and Informatic Approaches to Understanding Alcohol Dependence |
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523 | (2) |
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Data-Driven Methods to Discover the Biological Bases of Alcohol Dependence |
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525 | (4) |
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A Systems Neurogenomic Network of Alcoholism |
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529 | (1) |
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Bio informatics Knowledge Systems and Integrative Functional Genomics |
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530 | (4) |
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Summary: Integrative Networks of Alcoholism Beyond the Genome |
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534 | (1) |
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535 | (1) |
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535 | (4) |
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26 Complex Genetics of Alcoholism |
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Alcohol Dependence is a Complex Genetic Disease |
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539 | (1) |
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Alcoholism and Related Phenotypes |
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540 | (1) |
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The Search for Genes Contributing to Alcohol Dependence |
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540 | (6) |
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546 | (1) |
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547 | (1) |
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547 | (4) |
| Index |
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551 | |
