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Neurologic Examination: Scientific Basis for Clinical Diagnosis [Hardback]

(Emeritus Professor, Kyoto University), (Prof, Chief Human Motor Control Section National Institution of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Health Bethesda, Maryland; President International Federation Of Clinical N)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 320 pages, height x width x depth: 282x222x20 mm, weight: 1260 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0190240970
  • ISBN-13: 9780190240974
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts: Hardback, 320 pages, height x width x depth: 282x222x20 mm, weight: 1260 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0190240970
  • ISBN-13: 9780190240974
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Whereas most books about neurologic examinations are disease and anatomy oriented, The Neurologic Examination: Scientific Basis for Clinical Diagnosis focuses on a pathophysiological approach to the nervous system. The authors emphasize that the scientific interpretation of symptoms obtained from carefully taking the patient's history and noting signs found during physical examination are essential in the diagnosis of neurologic diseases, even if laboratory testing, such as electrophysiology and neuroimaging, are being more widely used. This book aims to provide a bridge from the basic sciences such as anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and molecular biology to the neurologic symptoms. Neurologic examinations provide the foundation for the diagnosis, and only after a thorough and expertly executed examination can one begin to incorporate laboratory testing and treatment.

The Neurologic Examination: Scientific Basis for Clinical Diagnosis, based on the widely successful Japanese book Diagnosis of Neurological Diseases (Igakushoin, Japan, second edition 2013) by Dr. Shibasaki, hopes to revitalize the use of neurologic examinations before jumping straight into laboratory testing. Doing so can help cut down on time, patient and physician anxiety, and unnecessary testing expenses. This book is a must-read for all practicing neurologists, residents, and medical students.

Key Features Include
· The chapters are arranged in order of the actual steps in a neurologic examination;
· Highly illustrated with figures and tables indicative of the neurologic signs and symptoms that may appear during the given step; and
· 99 discussion boxes are inserted throughout to provide a more in-depth look at particular topics without interrupting the reading flow of the text.

Recenzijas

"This is an outstanding book on neurological examination with emphasis on its functional aspects. It is a must have book for neurology residents and neurophysiology fellows written by world-renowned authorities in clinical neurology and movement disorders. The book includes 150 figures and 99 boxes which illustrate topics of current interest in clinical neurology and should greatly facilitate learning the "art" of the neurological examination." --Hans Luders, MD, PhD Professor of Neurology, Case Medical Center, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio "The distinguished senior neurologists, Hiroshi Shibasaki and Mark Hallett, have produced a tour de force of the neurological method. Progressing from the anatomic diagnosis to the etiological diagnosis and finally to the clinical diagnosis, this book re-articulates an age old and battle tested method of performing the art of clinical neurology. It is particularly refreshing to see that laboratory testing is relegated to its proper location; the end of the clinical method. Those who use this book will carry the evolutionary process forward to the next generation, properly armed with the wisdom of the classical neurological method." --Martin A. Samuels, MD, DSc(hon), FAAN, MACP, FRCP, FANA, Chair, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Miriam Sydney Joseph Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

List of Boxes xi
Preface xiii
Explanatory Notes xv
1 Diagnosis Of Neurologic Diseases (General Principle) 1(4)
1 Anatomical Diagnosis
1(1)
2 Etiological Diagnosis
2(2)
3 Clinical Diagnosis
4(1)
2 History Taking 5(4)
1 The Present Age and the Age at Onset
5(1)
2 Sex
5(1)
3 Chief Complaints
5(2)
4 History of the Present Illness
7(1)
5 Past Medical History
7(1)
6 Social History
7(1)
7 Family History
8(1)
3 Physical Examination 9(14)
1 General Physical Examination and Neurologic Examination
9(11)
A General Physical Examination at the Initial Clinical Evaluation
9(10)
B General Physical Findings and Neurologic Findings
19(1)
2 Steps of Neurologic Examination
20(3)
4 Evaluation Of Consciousness 23(6)
1 Anatomical Basis of Consciousness
23(1)
2 Mechanisms of Disturbances of Consciousness
24(1)
3 Observation of the State of Consciousness
24(1)
4 Modes of Consciousness Disturbance and the Coma Scale
25(1)
5 Conditions That Should Be Distinguished from Clouding of Consciousness
26(3)
5 Brainstem And Cranial Nerve Territories 29(6)
1 Brainstem
29(1)
2 Common Structures of Cranial Nerves
29(2)
3 Cranial Nerves Related to Somatosensory Function
31(1)
4 Cranial Nerves Related to Autonomic Nervous Function
31(1)
5 Location of the Cranial Nerve Nuclei in the Brainstem
32(3)
6 Olfactory Sensation 35(2)
1 Structures and Neurotransmitters of the Olfactory System
35(1)
2 Examination of Olfactory Sensation
35(2)
7 Visual Functions 37(12)
1 Anatomy and Function of the Visual System
37(7)
A Retina
37(1)
B Optic Nerve and Optic Chiasm
38(2)
C Lateral Geniculate Body and Optic Radiation
40(2)
D Visual Cortex
42(1)
E Blood Supply to the Visual Pathway
42(1)
F Cytoarchitecture of the Visual System and Higher Cortical Functions
42(2)
2 Examination of Visual Functions
44(5)
A Visual Acuity
44(1)
B Visual Field
44(2)
C Ophthalmoscopic Examination of Ocular Fundus
46(3)
8 Pupils And Accommodation 49(8)
1 Nerve Innervation of Intraocular Muscles
49(4)
A Light Reflex and Convergence Reflex
49(2)
B Sympathetic Nervous System and Horner Syndrome
51(1)
C Accommodation and Its Abnormality
52(1)
2 Examination of Intraocular Muscles
53(4)
A Oculomotor Nerve Palsy and Horner Syndrome
53(1)
B Examination of the Light Reflex and Its Abnormality
54(1)
C Special Abnormal Findings of Pupils
55(1)
D Examination of the Convergence Reflex
55(1)
E Examination of Accommodation
55(2)
9 Extraocular Muscles, Gaze, And Eye Movements 57(18)
1 Nerve Innervation of Extraocular Muscles
57(4)
A Third Cranial Nerve (Oculomotor Nerve)
57(3)
B Fourth Cranial Nerve (Trochlear Nerve)
60(1)
C Sixth Cranial Nerve (Abducens Nerve)
60(1)
2 Neural Control Mechanism of Gaze
61(2)
A Central Control Mechanism of Gaze
61(1)
B Lateral Gaze and Lateral Gaze Palsy
62(1)
C Vertical Gaze and Vertical Gaze Palsy
62(1)
D Convergence and Convergence Palsy
62(1)
3 Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus and Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
63(1)
4 Central Control Mechanism of Eye Movements
63(2)
A Central Control Mechanism of Saccades
64(1)
B Central Control Mechanism of Smooth Pursuit
64(1)
C Roles of Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia in Eye Movements
65(1)
5 Examination of Extraocular Muscles, Gaze, and Eye Movements
65(10)
A Ptosis
66(1)
B Examination of Extraocular Muscles
66(2)
C Examination of Fixation, Gaze, and Eye Movements
68(2)
D Involuntary Movements of Eyes
70(5)
10 Trigeminal Nerve 75(8)
1 Structures and Functions
75(3)
A Somatosensory Pathway
75(1)
B Cortical Reception of Somatosensory Input from Face
76(1)
C Nerve Innervation of Masticatory Muscles
76(1)
D Reflex Pathway of Jaw Jerk
77(1)
E Neural Pathway of Corneal Reflex
78(1)
2 Examination of Functions Related to the Trigeminal Nerve
78(5)
A Motor Nerve
78(1)
B Sensory Nerve
79(1)
C Jaw Jerk (Masseter Reflex)
80(1)
D Corneal Reflex
80(1)
E Primitive Reflexes
81(2)
11 Facial Nerve 83(6)
1 Structures and Functions
83(3)
A Motor Nerve
83(1)
B Somatosensory Nerve
84(1)
C Taste Sense
85(1)
D Lacrimation and Salivation
85(1)
E Parasympathetic Innervation of Facial Skin and Mucosa
86(1)
2 Examination of Functions Related to the Facial Nerve
86(3)
A Motor Function
86(2)
B Somatosensory Function
88(1)
C Taste Sense
88(1)
D Lacrimation and Salivation
88(1)
E Facial Skin and Mucosa
88(1)
12 Auditory Function 89(4)
1 Structures of the Auditory Pathway
89(1)
2 Examination of Auditory Function
90(3)
13 Sense Of Equilibrium 93(4)
1 Structures and Functions of the Pathways Related to Equilibrium
93(1)
2 Examination of the Sense of Equilibrium
94(3)
14 Swallowing, Phonation, And Articulation 97(8)
1 Innervation of Swallowing, Phonation, and Articulation
97(3)
A Glossopharyngeal Nerve and Vagus Nerve
97(1)
B Hypoglossal Nerve
97(1)
C Cortical Innervation of Bulbar Muscles
98(1)
D Involvement of the Cranial Nerves Innervating Bulbar Muscles
99(1)
2 Somatosensory Innervation of Pharynx and Larynx
100(1)
3 Taste Sense
100(1)
4 Salivation
101(1)
5 Autonomic Innervation of Visceral Organs
101(1)
6 Afferent Pathway from the Visceral Organs
102(1)
7 Examination of Swallowing, Phonation, and Articulation
102(3)
A Examination of the Tongue
103(1)
B Examination of the Soft Palate and Swallowing
103(1)
C Bulbar Palsy and Pseudobulbar Palsy
104(1)
15 Neck And Trunk 105(4)
1 Examination of the Neck
105(1)
A Postural Abnormality of the Neck
105(1)
B Examination of Muscles Innervated by the Accessory Nerve
105(1)
C Cervical Spondylosis
106(1)
D Meningeal Irritation
106(1)
2 Examination of the Trunk
106(3)
16 Motor Functions 109(44)
1 Final Common Pathway of the Motor System
109(6)
A Motor Cortex and Corticospinal Tracts
109(3)
B Structure and Function of Spinal Cord
112(1)
C Anterior Horn Cells and Peripheral Motor Nerves
113(2)
D Neuromuscular Junction and Muscle
115(1)
2 Central Control of Voluntary Movement
115(17)
A Higher Functions of Motor Cortices
115(1)
B Basal Ganglia
116(9)
C Cerebellum
125(7)
3 Examination of Motor Functions
132(21)
A Posture
132(1)
B Muscle Atrophy and Fasciculation
132(2)
C Muscle Strength
134(8)
D Muscle Tone
142(3)
E Muscle Spasm and Cramp
145(2)
F Myotonia
147(1)
G Coordination
147(6)
17 Tendon Reflexes And Pathological Reflexes 153(6)
1 Physiological Mechanism of the Tendon Reflex
153(1)
2 Examination of Tendon Reflexes
153(3)
3 Pathological Reflexes and Their Generating Mechanisms
156(1)
4 Loss of Superficial Reflex as a Pyramidal Sign
157(2)
18 Involuntary Movements 159(26)
1 Examination of Involuntary Movements
159(1)
2 Tremor
159(7)
3 Chorea
166(1)
4 Ballism
167(1)
5 Athetosis
167(1)
6 Dystonia
167(5)
7 Dyskinesia
172(1)
8 Myoclonus
172(6)
9 Motor Stereotypies
178(1)
10 Involuntary Movements That Can Be Suppressed Momentarily
179(2)
11 Involuntary Movements of Peripheral Nerve Origin
181(4)
19 Somatosensory Function 185(14)
1 Structure and Functions of the Somatosensory System
185(3)
A Somatosensory Receptors
185(1)
B Peripheral Somatosensory Nerves
185(1)
C Somatosensory Pathway in the Spinal Cord
186(1)
D Nociceptive Pathway
187(1)
E Proprioceptive Pathway
188(1)
F The Third Sensory Neuron and Cortical Receptive Areas
188(1)
2 Examination of Somatosensory Function and Abnormal Findings
188(11)
A Examination of Somatosensory Function
189(1)
B Somatosensory Symptoms/Signs
190(1)
C Impairment of the Somatosensory Nervous System and Distribution of the Sensory Symptoms
191(8)
20 Autonomic Nervous System 199(6)
1 Structure and Function of the Autonomic Efferent System
199(3)
A Sympathetic Nervous System
199(1)
B Parasympathetic Nervous System
199(2)
C Disorders of the Peripheral Autonomic Nerves
201(1)
D Cortical Center of the Autonomic Nervous System
201(1)
E Neural Control of Urination
202(1)
2 Structure and Function of the Autonomic Afferent System
202(1)
3 Examination of the Autonomic Nervous Function
202(3)
A Autonomic Symptoms of Skin
202(1)
B Micturition and Sexual Functions
203(1)
C Gastrointestinal Symptoms
203(1)
D Orthostatic Hypotension
203(2)
21 Posture And Gait 205(4)
1 Central Control Mechanism of Gait
205(1)
2 Examination of Gait
205(4)
A Spastic Gait
205(1)
B Parkinsonian Gait
206(1)
C Ataxic Gait
206(1)
D Waddling Gait and Steppage Gait
207(2)
22 Mental And Cognitive Functions 209(14)
1 Examination of Mental/Cognitive Functions
209(7)
A Orientation
209(1)
B Memory
210(3)
C Calculation
213(2)
D Common Knowledge and Judgment
215(1)
E Emotion and Character
215(1)
F Illusion, Hallucination, and Delusion
215(1)
G State of Daily Living
216(1)
2 Dementia
216(7)
A Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders
216(1)
B Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
217(1)
C Leukoencephalopathy
218(5)
23 Aphasia, Apraxia, And Agnosia 223(14)
1 Neural Circuits Related to Language, Praxis, and Recognition
223(8)
A Language
223(4)
B Praxis
227(2)
C Recognition
229(2)
2 Examination of Language, Praxis, and Recognition
231(6)
A Examination of Language and Aphasia
231(1)
B Examination of Praxis and Apraxia
232(1)
C Examination of Recognition and Agnosia
233(1)
D Use of Simple Test Battery
233(4)
24 Paroxysmal And Functional Disorders 237(12)
1 Epilepsy and Convulsion
237(5)
A Classification of Epileptic Seizures
237(4)
B Diagnosis of Epilepsy
241(1)
2 Headache and Migraine
242(2)
A Classification of Headache
242(1)
B Migraine and Related Disorders
243(1)
C Tension-Type Headache
244(1)
3 Sleep Disorders
244(5)
A Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
244(1)
B Central Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome
245(1)
C REM Sleep Behavior Disorders
245(1)
D Narcolepsy and Related Disorders
246(1)
E Periodic Limb Movement in Sleep
246(1)
F Kleine-Levin Syndrome
246(1)
G Fatal Familial Insomnia
246(3)
25 Ion Channel Disorders 249(8)
1 Hereditary Channelopathies
249(4)
A Hereditary Channelopathies of the Central Nervous System
249(3)
B Hereditary Channelopathies of the Peripheral Nervous System
252(1)
C Hereditary Channelopathies of Muscles
252(1)
2 Autoimmune Channelopathies
253(4)
A Myasthenia Gravis
254(1)
B Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
254(1)
C Isaacs Syndrome (Neuromyotonia)
254(3)
26 Psychogenic Neurologic Diseases 257(2)
1 Psychogenic Motor Paralysis
257(1)
2 Psychogenic Sensory Loss
257(1)
3 Psychogenic Constriction of Visual Field
258(1)
4 Common Features of Psychogenic Neurologic Diseases
258(1)
27 Thalamus 259(6)
1 General Structure of the Thalamus
259(1)
2 Ventral Posterior Nucleus as the Sensory Relay Center
259(2)
3 Ventral Anterior Nucleus and Ventrolateral Nucleus as the Motor Thalamus
261(1)
4 Medial Dorsal Nucleus as a Relay Center to the Prefrontal Cortex
261(1)
5 Anterior Nucleus and Memory
262(1)
6 Pulvinar as a Relay Center to the Parietal Lobe
262(1)
7 Intralaminar Nucleus as a Relay Center of the Ascending Reticular Activating System
262(1)
8 Relay Nucleus for the Visual and Auditory System
262(3)
28 Hypothalamus And Neuroendocrinology 265(4)
1 Structure and Function of the Hypothalamus
265(1)
2 Neuroendocrinology
265(2)
A Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis)
265(1)
B Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland (Neurohypophysis)
266(1)
3 Adjustment to the External Environment and Control of the Internal Milieu
267(2)
A Control of Circadian Rhythm
267(1)
B Control of Feeding
267(1)
C Control of Body Temperature
267(1)
D Homeostasis
267(2)
29 Neurologic Emergency 269(12)
1 Disorders with Respiratory Paralysis
269(1)
A Crisis of Myasthenia Gravis
269(1)
B Guillain-Barre Syndrome
270(1)
C Acute Anterior Poliomyelitis
270(1)
D Acute Brainstem Lesion
270(1)
E Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
270(1)
2 Disorders with Disturbance of Consciousness
270(2)
3 Status Epilepticus
272(1)
4 Conditions Expected to Have Poor Functional Recovery Unless Appropriately Treated at Early Clinical Stage
272(1)
A Acute Compression of Spinal Cord
273(1)
B Progressive Ischemic Cerebrovascular Diseases
273(1)
5 Examination of Coma
273(5)
A Degree of Coma (Coma Scaling)
274(1)
B Presence or Absence of Asymmetry in Neurologic Signs
274(1)
C Examination of Brainstem Functions
274(4)
D Meningeal Irritation
278(1)
6 Judgment of Brain Death
278(3)
30 Disability, Functional Recovery, And Prognosis 281(4)
1 Assessment of Disability Scale
281(1)
2 Mode of Tissue Damage, Functional Disability, and Its Recovery
281(1)
3 Mechanisms of Functional Recovery
282(3)
31 How To Plan Laboratory Tests 285(4)
1 Functional Neuroimaging Studies and Electrophysiological Studies
285(1)
2 Lumbar Puncture
285(2)
3 Use of Laboratory Tests for Prevention of Diseases
287(2)
Afterword: For Those Who Wish to Study Neurology 289(2)
Index 291
Dr. Hiroshi Shibasaki MD, PhD graduated from Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan in 1969. He was a resident of Neurology at University of Minnesota Hospital, USA (1969-1971), a visiting scientist at Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK (1978-1979). Dr. Shibasaki became the Director of Human Brain Research Center (1990-2003) and Chairman of Neurology (1999-2003) at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. He was also a Fogarty Scholar at NINDS, NIH, USA (2003-2005) and the President of International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (2007-2010). He is currently an emeritus professor at Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine.

Dr. Mark Hallett, MD attended Harvard Medical School (1969), did his residency in Neurology at the Massachusetts General Hospital (1972-1975), and a fellowship in motor control in London (1975-1976). He was at Harvard Medical School from 1976-1984, and since then he has been Chief, Human Motor Control Section, NINDS, NIH. He has been President of the Movement Disorder Society and is currently President of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.