Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiv | |
Contributors |
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xv | |
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Part A Basic Neuroscience |
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Unit I Central Nervous System |
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1 Organization of the Nervous System |
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2 | (6) |
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1.1 Overview of the Nervous System |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 The Central Nervous System |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 The Peripheral Nervous System |
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2 | (6) |
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7 | (1) |
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2 Development of the Nervous System |
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8 | (21) |
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2.1 Overview of Nervous System Development |
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8 | (5) |
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2.2 Spinal Cord Differentiation |
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13 | (5) |
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2.3 Brain Differentiation |
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18 | (4) |
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2.4 Development and Derivatives of the Rhombencephalon |
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22 | (7) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (27) |
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3.1 Classification of Cells of the Nervous System |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (11) |
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3.3 Classification of Neurons in the Nervous System |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (3) |
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3.5 Histological Appearance of CNS |
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46 | (10) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (10) |
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4.1 Neurophysiology Overview |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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4.5 Neurotransmitters and Receptors |
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59 | (3) |
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4.6 Clinical Correlations |
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62 | (4) |
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62 | (4) |
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Unit II Cross Anatomy of Brain and Spinal Cord |
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5 Cross Topography of the Brain |
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66 | (16) |
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66 | (1) |
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5.2 Neuroanatomical Terms |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (6) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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5.8 Medial Surface of the Cerebral Hemispheres |
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76 | (3) |
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5.9 Inferior Aspect of the Cerebral Hemispheres |
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79 | (3) |
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80 | (2) |
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6 Blood Supply of the Brain |
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82 | (10) |
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6.1 Overview of the Blood Supply to the Brain |
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82 | (1) |
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6.2 Anterior Circulation of the Brain |
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82 | (2) |
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6.3 Posterior Circulation of the Brain |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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6.6 Venous Drainage in the Brain |
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86 | (6) |
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91 | (1) |
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7 Ventricles and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) |
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92 | (6) |
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7.1 Overview of the Ventricles and CSF |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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7.3 Flow of CSF through the Ventricular System |
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92 | (1) |
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7.4 Choroid Plexus and CSF |
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93 | (5) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (7) |
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8.1 Overview of the Meninges |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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8.3 Function of the Meninges |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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8.6 Blood Supply to the Meninges |
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102 | (1) |
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8.7 Innervation of the Meninges |
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103 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (37) |
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9.1 Overview of Cranial Nerves |
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105 | (1) |
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9.2 Functional Modalities of Cranial Nerves |
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105 | (13) |
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9.3 Summary of Cranial Nerve |
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118 | (1) |
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9.4 Summary of Cranial Nerve Testing |
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118 | (24) |
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140 | (2) |
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10 Cross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord |
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142 | (18) |
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10.1 Overview of the Spinal Cord |
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142 | (1) |
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10.2 Organization of the Spinal Cord |
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142 | (4) |
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10.3 Cross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord |
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146 | (2) |
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10.4 Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord |
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148 | (3) |
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151 | (1) |
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10.6 Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord |
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152 | (8) |
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157 | (3) |
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11 Anatomical Receptors and Nerve Fibers |
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160 | (18) |
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11.1 Overview of Anatomical Receptors |
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160 | (1) |
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11.2 Sensory Reception and Transduction |
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161 | (3) |
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11.3 Stimulus (Sensory) Modalities |
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164 | (1) |
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11.4 Somatosensory Receptor Classification |
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165 | (8) |
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11.5 Cutaneous Receptors of the Oral Mucosa |
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173 | (5) |
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176 | (2) |
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12 Somatosensory Systems Part I---Somatosensory Pathways of Body |
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178 | (20) |
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12.1 Overview of Ascending Somatosensory System |
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178 | (1) |
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12.2 Transmission of Conscious and Unconscious Sensations |
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178 | (2) |
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12.3 Anterolateral System |
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180 | (10) |
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12.4 Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus (DCML) Pathway |
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190 | (4) |
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12.5 Spinocerebellar System |
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194 | (4) |
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197 | (1) |
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13 Somatosensory Systems Part II---Somatosensory Pathways of Head |
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198 | (23) |
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13.1 Overview of Somatosensory Innervation of the Head |
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198 | (4) |
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13.2 Trigeminal Nuclear Complex |
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202 | (6) |
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13.3 Trigeminal Somatosensory Pathways |
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208 | (5) |
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13.4 Sensory Contributions from Facial, Glossopharyngeal, and Vagus Nerves |
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213 | (8) |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (10) |
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221 | (1) |
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14.2 Classification of Pain |
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221 | (2) |
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14.3 Pain Receptors and Afferents |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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14.5 Mechanisms of Pain Modulation |
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226 | (1) |
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14.6 Descending Pathways of Pain Modulation |
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226 | (2) |
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14.7 Acute versus Chronic Pain |
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228 | (1) |
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14.8 Differences in Pain Perception |
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228 | (3) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (17) |
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15.1 Special Visceral Afferents (SVA) |
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231 | (4) |
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15.2 Special Somatic Afferents (SSA) |
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235 | (13) |
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246 | (2) |
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16 Direct Activation Pathways |
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248 | (14) |
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16.1 Overview of Direct Motor Pathways |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (3) |
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16.5 Disorders of the Motor System |
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256 | (3) |
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259 | (3) |
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261 | (1) |
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17 Indirect Activation Pathways |
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262 | (16) |
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17.1 Overview of Indirect Influences on Movement |
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262 | (1) |
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17.2 Brainstem Nuclei and Tracts |
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262 | (4) |
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266 | (3) |
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269 | (9) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (24) |
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18.1 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) |
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278 | (12) |
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290 | (5) |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (5) |
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298 | (4) |
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Part B Orofacial Neuroscience |
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Unit V Review of Orofacial Structures and Tissues |
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19 Development and Organization of Oropharyngeal Region |
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302 | (41) |
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19.1 Overview of Oropharyngeal Development |
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302 | (5) |
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19.2 Overview of Oral Cavity and Oral Mucosa |
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307 | (6) |
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19.3 Structures of Oral Vestibule |
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313 | (1) |
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19.4 Structures of the Oral Cavity Proper |
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314 | (13) |
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19.5 Structures of Pharyngeal Region |
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327 | (7) |
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19.6 Structures of the Larynx |
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334 | (9) |
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341 | (2) |
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20 Overview of Orofacial Pathways Part I -- Trigeminal and Facial Nerves |
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343 | (30) |
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343 | (1) |
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20.2 Trigeminal Nerve: Overview of Functional Components |
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343 | (14) |
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357 | (16) |
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371 | (2) |
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21 Overview of Orofacial Pathways Part II---Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, and Hypoglossal Nerves |
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373 | (22) |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (4) |
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377 | (11) |
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388 | (7) |
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393 | (2) |
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22 Neuromuscular Control of Mastication, Swallowing, and Speech |
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395 | (31) |
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22.1 Overview of Oropharyngeal Region |
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395 | (2) |
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22.2 Summary of Neural Control Mechanisms |
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397 | (4) |
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22.3 Neural Reflexes of Oromotor System |
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401 | (5) |
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406 | (6) |
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412 | (5) |
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417 | (9) |
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423 | (3) |
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Unit VI Dental-Related Structures |
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23 Temporomandibular Joint |
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426 | (7) |
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23.1 Overview of the Temporomandibular Joint |
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426 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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23.3 TMJ Sensory (Afferent) Innervation |
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427 | (1) |
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23.4 TMJ Neuromuscular Control |
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428 | (1) |
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23.5 Common Temporomandibular Joint-Related Disorders and Differential Diagnosis Clinical Correlation Examples |
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429 | (4) |
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432 | (1) |
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433 | (21) |
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24.1 Overview of the Salivary Glands |
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433 | (1) |
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24.2 Anatomical Overview of Major and Minor Salivary Glands |
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434 | (7) |
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24.3 Saliva Production, Composition, and Flow Rates |
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441 | (2) |
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24.4 Neural Mediated Salivary Reflex Pathways |
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443 | (11) |
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452 | (2) |
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454 | (18) |
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25.1 Anatomical and Structural Components of Teeth |
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454 | (5) |
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459 | (3) |
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462 | (2) |
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464 | (8) |
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468 | (4) |
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Unit VII Orofacial Pain and Dental Anesthesia |
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472 | (8) |
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26.1 Overview of Orofacial Pain Pathways |
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472 | (1) |
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26.2 Nociceptive Orofacial Pain |
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472 | (4) |
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26.3 Neuropathic Orofacial Pain |
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476 | (4) |
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478 | (2) |
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27 Local Anesthesia: Intraoral Injections |
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480 | (13) |
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27.1 Overview of Dental Local Anesthesia |
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480 | (1) |
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27.2 Mandibular Local Anesthesia |
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480 | (6) |
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27.3 Maxillary Local Anesthesia |
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486 | (7) |
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491 | (2) |
Appendix: Compilation of Muscles Involved in Chapter 22 |
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493 | (6) |
Index |
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499 | |