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E-grāmata: Neurosurgical Diseases: An Evidence-Based Approach to Guide Practice

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  • Formāts: 256 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Nov-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781638536390
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Neurosurgical Diseases: An Evidence-Based Approach to Guide PracticePalielināt
  • Formāts: 256 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Nov-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781638536390
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"Evidence-based neurosurgery is one of the most important pillars upon which to build decision management pathways. Effective delivery of care involves understanding the natural history of the disease and the evidence behind available treatment options. Neurosurgical Diseases: An Evidence-Based Approach to Guide Practice by esteemed neurosurgeons Leon T. Lai, Cristian Gragnaniello, and expert contributors covers cranial pathologies neurosurgeons commonly encounter in everyday practice"--

A structured, evidence-based approach to neurosurgical decision-making for brain pathologies

Evidence-based neurosurgery is one of the most important pillars upon which to build decision management pathways. Effective delivery of care involves understanding the natural history of the disease and the evidence behind available treatment options. Neurosurgical Diseases: An Evidence-Based Approach to Guide Practice by esteemed neurosurgeons Leon T. Lai, Cristian Gragnaniello, and expert contributors covers cranial pathologies neurosurgeons commonly encounter in everyday practice.

The book combines a structured approach to evidence-based neurosurgery with expert opinions, analysis of up-to-date clinical data, understanding of patient preferences and values, and firsthand experiences to facilitate translation of evidence into clinical practice. Twenty-seven consistently formatted chapters are each dedicated to a different disease state, including brain tumors, cerebrovascular disease, Cushing's disease, traumatic brain injury, trigeminal neuralgia, and normal pressure hydrocephalus. All chapters include an introduction, current statistics and data, natural history of the pathology, selected papers for further reading, procedural options and outcomes, and recommended treatment protocols from the authors.

Key Features

  • Key content summarized in reader-friendly bullets, diagrams, tables, and illustrative figures enhances acquisition of knowledge
  • Discussion of new developments including treatment recommendations for primary and metastatic brain tumors
  • Statistical data on cerebral aneurysm treatment outcomes and recommendations for treatment
  • New protocols for treating head trauma, closed head injuries, and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage

This essential resource will help neurosurgical residents and junior neurosurgeons make challenging surgical treatment decisions for complex conditions, clearly and concisely and based on the best evidence.

This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Foreword xv
Preface xvi
Acknowledgments xvii
Contributors xviii
1 Natural History and Management Options of Recurrent Glioblastoma
1(7)
Benjamin H.M. Hunn
Katharine J. Drummond
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Recurrent Glioblastoma
1(1)
1.3 The Natural History of Recurrent Glioblastoma
2(2)
1.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Recurrent Glioblastoma
4(1)
1.5 Treatment Options for Recurrent Glioblastoma
4(2)
1.5.1 Repeat Surgery
5(1)
1.5.2 Further Radiotherapy
6(1)
1.5.3 Further Chemotherapy
6(1)
1.6 Authors' Recommendations
6(2)
2 Natural History and Management Options of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation
8(17)
Michael Kerin Morgan
2.1 Introduction
8(1)
2.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Unruptured bAVM
8(4)
2.2.1 Comparing Future Risk of ICH for Unruptured bAVM
9(1)
2.2.2 Factors that Impact on the Risk of First ICH
10(1)
2.2.3 The Expected Outcome from bAVM ICH
11(1)
2.2.4 Understanding the Cause for ICH Associated with bAVM
11(1)
2.3 Selected Papers on the Treatment Options for Unruptured Brain AVM
12(1)
2.4 Treatment Options for Unruptured Brain AVM
12(13)
2.4.1 Embolization
14(1)
2.4.2 Radiosurgery
14(1)
2.4.3 Surgery with or without Planned Preoperative Embolization
15(4)
2.4.4 Results of Surgery
19(3)
2.4.5 Combined Treatment
22(1)
2.4.6 Conclusion Regarding Treatment
22(3)
3 Natural History and Surgical Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
25(10)
Jonathan Rychen
David Bervini
3.1 Introduction
25(1)
3.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Spontaneous ICHs
25(1)
3.3 Natural History of Spontaneous ICHs
26(2)
3.4 Natural History of Spontaneous Supratentorial ICH
28(1)
3.5 Natural History of Spontaneous Infratentorial ICH
29(1)
3.6 Selected Papers on Surgical Management of Spontaneous ICHs
29(1)
3.7 Surgical Management Options for Spontaneous ICHs
29(1)
3.8 Surgical Management of Spontaneous Supratentorial ICH
30(1)
3.9 Surgical Management of Spontaneous Infratentorial ICH
31(1)
3.10 Surgical Management for Spontaneous ICH Associated with Intraventricular Hemorrhage
31(1)
3.11 Medical Management of Spontaneous ICH
31(1)
3.12 Authors' Recommendations
32(3)
3.12.1 Medical Management of Spontaneous ICH
32(1)
3.12.2 Management of Supratentorial Hemorrhage
32(1)
3.12.3 Management of Infratentorial Hemorrhage
32(1)
3.12.4 Management of Intraventricular Hemorrhage
32(3)
4 Natural History and Management Options of Pineal Cyst
35(5)
Michael J. Mulcahy
Behzad Eftekhar
4.1 Introduction
35(1)
4.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Pineal Cyst
36(1)
4.3 Natural History
36(1)
4.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Options for Pineal Cyst
37(1)
4.5 Treatment Options for Pineal Cysts
37(1)
4.6 Authors' Recommendations
37(3)
5 Natural History and Management Options of Colloid Cysts
40(6)
Anthea H. O'Neill
Cristian Gragnaniello
Leon T. Lai
5.1 introduction
40(1)
5.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Colloid Cysts
40(1)
5.3 Natural History of Colloid Cysts
40(2)
5.4 Predicting the Risk of Sudden Death
42(1)
5.5 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Colloid Cysts
42(1)
5.6 Treatment Options
42(1)
5.7 Authors' Recommendations
43(3)
6 Natural History and Management Options of Vestibular Schwannomas
46(7)
Jordan Jones
Andrew H. Kaye
Andrew Morokoff
6.1 Introduction
46(1)
6.2 Selected Papers on Natural History
46(1)
6.3 Natural History
47(1)
6.3.1 Rate of Growth
47(1)
6.3.2 Risk Factors for Growth
47(1)
6.3.3 Growth in Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Vestibular Schwannomas
48(1)
6.4 Selected Papers on Treatment
48(1)
6.5 Treatment
48(2)
6.5.1 Microsurgery
48(1)
6.5.2 Stereotactic Radiosurgery
49(1)
6.5.3 Microsurgery and Stereotactic Radiosurgery
50(1)
6.5.4 Neurofibromatosis Type 2
50(1)
6.6 Authors' Recommendations
50(3)
7 Natural History and Management Options of Acromegaly
53(11)
Mendel Castle-Kirszbaum
Tony Coldschlager
7.1 Introduction
53(1)
7.2 Pathology
53(1)
7.3 Clinical Signs and Presentation
54(2)
7.4 Imaging
56(1)
7.5 Diagnosis and Follow-up
56(1)
7.6 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Acromegaly
56(1)
7.7 Natural History of Acromegaly
56(1)
7.8 Selected Papers on the Management Options for Acromegaly
57(1)
7.9 Management Options
57(4)
7.9.1 Surgery
57(1)
7.9.2 Stereotactic Radiosurgery
57(3)
7.9.3 Medical Therapy
60(1)
7.10 Authors' Recommendations
61(3)
8 Natural History and Management Options for Cushing's Disease
64(7)
Benjamin H.M. Hunn
James A.J. King
8.1 Introduction
64(2)
8.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Cushing's Disease
66(1)
8.3 The Natural History of Cushing's Disease
66(1)
8.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Cushing's Disease
67(1)
8.5 Treatment of Cushing's Disease
67(2)
8.5.1 Surgical Resection
67(1)
8.5.2 Radiation Therapy
67(1)
8.5.3 Medical Treatment
68(1)
8.5.4 Recurrent Cushing's Disease
68(1)
8.6 Authors' Recommendations
69(2)
9 Natural History and Management Options of Traumatic Brain Injury
71(8)
Stephen Honeybul
9.1 Introduction
71(1)
9.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Traumatic Brain Injury
71(1)
9.3 Natural History of Traumatic Brain Injury
71(1)
9.4 Predicting Outcomes Following Traumatic Brain Injury
72(1)
9.5 Assessment of the Primary Brain Injury
72(1)
9.6 Assessment of Secondary Brain Injury
73(1)
9.7 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes
73(1)
9.8 Treatment Options
73(1)
9.9 Medical Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
73(1)
9.10 Surgical Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
74(1)
9.11 Decompressive Craniectomy Following Severe Traumatic---not Hemicraniectomy Brain Injury
74(3)
9.12 Authors' Recommendations
77(2)
10 Natural History and Management Options of Angionegative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
79(7)
Jorn Van Der Veken
Aye Aye Cyi
Amal Abou-Hamden
10.1 Introduction
79(1)
10.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Angionegative SAH
80(1)
10.3 Natural History
80(2)
10.4 Selected Papers on the Management Options of Angionegative SAH
82(1)
10.5 Treatment Options
82(1)
10.6 Authors' Recommendations
83(3)
11 Natural History and Management Options of Low-Grade Glioma
86(9)
Rebecca J. Limb
Cristian Cragnaniello
Leon T. Lai
11.1 Introduction
86(1)
11.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of LCG
86(1)
11.3 Natural History of Low-Grade Glioma
87(1)
11.4 Rate of Progression to High-Grade Glioma
87(1)
11.5 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of LGGs
88(1)
11.6 Treatment Options
88(5)
11.6.1 Surveillance Alone
88(1)
11.6.2 Radical Surgical Resection
88(1)
11.6.3 Radiotherapy
88(1)
11.6.4 Chemotherapy
89(4)
11.7 Prognostication
93(1)
11.8 Authors' Recommendations
93(2)
12 Natural History and Management Options of Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenoma
95(5)
Vincent Dodson
Neil Majmundar
Wayne D. Hsueh
Jean Anderson Eloy
James K. Liu
12.1 Introduction
95(1)
12.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of NFPAs
96(1)
12.3 Natural History of NFPAs
96(1)
12.4 Selected Papers on the Management Options of NFPAs
96(1)
12.5 Management Options
96(2)
12.5.1 Endocrine Evaluation
96(1)
12.5.2 Ophthalmologic Evaluation
96(1)
12.5.3 Surgery
97(1)
12.5.4 Radiation Therapy
97(1)
12.5.5 Medical Therapy
97(1)
12.6 Authors' Recommendations
98(2)
13 Natural History and Management Options of Craniopharyngioma
100(12)
Harshad R. Purandare
Basant K. Misra
13.1 Introduction
100(1)
13.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Craniopharyngioma
101(1)
13.3 Natural History of Craniopharyngioma
101(1)
13.4 Selected Papers on the Management of Craniopharyngioma
102(1)
13.5 Treatment Options
102(6)
13.5.1 Surgery
103(5)
13.6 Our Experience
108(1)
13.7 Authors' Recommendations
109(3)
14 Natural History and Management Options of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
112(8)
Kevin Liu
Helen V. Danesh-Meyer
14.1 Introduction
112(1)
14.2 Selected Papers on Natural History
113(1)
14.3 Natural History of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
113(2)
14.3.1 Factors Predicting Blindness or Poor Visual Outcome
115(1)
14.4 Selected Papers on Management Options for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
115(1)
14.5 Management Options for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
115(2)
14.5.1 Weight Loss Including Bariatric Surgery
115(1)
14.5.2 Pharmaceutical Treatments
116(1)
14.5.3 Surgical Treatments
116(1)
14.6 Authors' Recommendations
117(3)
15 Natural History and Management Options of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
120(8)
Dana C. Holl
Angelos G. Kolias
Ruben Dammers
Ivan Timofeev
15.1 Introduction
120(1)
15.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
120(1)
15.3 Natural History
120(2)
15.3.1 Inflammation
120(2)
15.3.2 Angiogenesis
122(1)
15.3.3 Hyperfibrinolysis
122(1)
15.4 Selected Papers on the Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
122(1)
15.5 Treatment Options
123(1)
15.5.1 Surgical
123(1)
15.5.2 Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma
124(1)
15.5.3 Nonsurgical
124(1)
15.6 Authors' Recommendations
124(4)
16 Natural History and Management Options of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
128(6)
Hugo Andrade-Barazarte
Behnam Rezai Jahromi
Felix Coehre
Ajmal Zemmar
Weixing Bai
Zhiyuan Sheng
Cuangmin Duan
Zhongcan Cheng
Tianxiao Li
Juha Hernesniemi
16.1 Introduction
128(1)
16.2 Selected Papers on Natural History of UIAs
128(1)
16.3 Natural History of UIAs
128(1)
16.4 Lifelong Rupture Risk of Intracranial Aneurysms Depends on Risk Factors
129(1)
16.4.1 Aneurysm-Related Risk Factors
130(1)
16.5 Serial Imaging Surveillance
130(1)
16.6 Selected Papers on Management Options for UIAs
131(1)
16.7 Management Options for UIAs
131(1)
16.8 Endovascular and Surgical Repair: Outcomes and Obliteration Rates
132(1)
16.9 Authors' Recommendations
132(2)
17 Natural History and Management Options of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
134(11)
Michael A. Silva
Nirav J. Patel
17.1 Introduction
134(2)
17.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
136(1)
17.3 Natural History of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
136(1)
17.3.1 Vasospasm
137(1)
17.3.2 Chronic Hydrocephalus
137(1)
17.3.3 Seizure
137(1)
17.4 Selected Papers on the Management Options for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
137(1)
17.5 Management Options for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
138(3)
17.5.1 Intracranial Pressure Management
138(1)
17.5.2 Seizure Prophylaxis
138(1)
17.5.3 Timing of Treatment
138(1)
17.5.4 Overview of Treatment Modalities
139(1)
17.5.5 Comparing Treatment Modalities
139(1)
17.5.6 Procedural and Periprocedural Complications
140(1)
17.5.7 Rerupture after Treatment
141(1)
17.6 Authors' Recommendations
141(4)
18 Natural History and Management Options of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation
145(5)
Juri Kivelev
Jaakko Rinne
Mika Niemela
Juha Hernesniemi
18.1 Introduction
145(1)
18.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Cavernous Malformations
145(1)
18.3 Natural History of Cavernous Malformation
146(1)
18.3.1 Risk of Hemorrhage
146(1)
18.3.2 Risk of Rebleeding
146(1)
18.3.3 Risk of Seizures
146(1)
18.3.4 Associated Vascular Abnormalities
147(1)
18.4 Limitations of Studies on the Natural History of Cavernomas
147(1)
18.5 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes for Cavernous Malformations
147(1)
18.6 Treatment Options for Cavernous Malformations
147(1)
18.6.1 Recommendations for Treatment
147(1)
18.7 Authors' Recommendations
148(2)
19 Natural History and Management Options of Skull Base Chordoma
150(7)
Vinayak Narayan
Fareed Jumah
Bharath Raju
Anil Nanda
19.1 Introduction
150(1)
19.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Skull Base Chordoma
150(1)
19.3 Natural History of Skull Base Chordoma
151(1)
19.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Skull Base Chordoma
151(1)
19.5 Treatment Options and Surgical Outcome
151(2)
19.6 Authors' Recommendations
153(4)
20 Natural History and Management Options of Chiari 1 Malformation
157(7)
Samuel Wreghitt
Bryden H. Dawes
Augusto Conzalvo
20.1 Introduction
157(1)
20.1.1 CM-1-Associated Syringomyelia
157(1)
20.1.2 Pathophysiology of Chiari Malformation Type 1
157(1)
20.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Chiari Malformation Type 1
158(1)
20.3 Natural History of Chiari Malformation Typel
158(2)
20.3.1 Asymptomatic Chiari Malformation Type 1
159(1)
20.3.2 Symptomatic Chiari Malformation Type 1
159(1)
20.4 Selected Papers on the Management Options of Chiari Malformation Type 1
160(1)
20.4.1 Adults
160(1)
20.4.2 Pediatrics
160(1)
20.5 Management Options for Chiari Malformation Type 1
160(1)
20.6 Authors' Recommendations
161(3)
21 Natural History and Management Options of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas
164(8)
Hugo Andrade-Barazarte
Felix Goehre
Behnam Rezai Jahromi
Zhao Tongyuan
Jiangyu Xue
Zhongcan Cheng
Ajmal Zemmar
Tianxiao Li
Juha Hernesniemi
21.1 introduction
164(2)
21.1.1 Pathophysiology
164(1)
21.1.2 Classification
165(1)
21.1.3 Clinical Presentation and Imaging Evaluation
165(1)
21.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula
166(1)
21.3 Natural History of DAVFs
167(1)
21.3.1 Natural History of Low-Grade DAVFs
167(1)
21.3.2 Natural History of High-Grade DAVFs
167(1)
21.4 Selected Papers on Treatment Outcomes of DAVFs
167(1)
21.5 Treatment Strategy
167(1)
21.6 Therapeutic Options
168(2)
21.6.1 Endovascular Treatment
168(1)
21.6.2 Endovascular Outcomes
169(1)
21.6.3 Microsurgical Treatment
169(1)
21.6.4 Microsurgical Outcomes
169(1)
21.6.5 Radiosurgical Treatment
169(1)
21.6.6 Radiosurgical Outcomes
170(1)
21.7 Authors' Recommendations
170(2)
22 Natural History and Management Options of Cerebral Metastases
172(11)
Anthea H. O'Neill
Mendel Castle-Kirszbaum
Cristian Gragnanieilo
Leon T. Lai
22.1 Introduction
172(1)
22.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Cerebral Metastases
173(1)
22.3 Natural History of Cerebral Metastases
173(1)
22.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Outcomes of Cerebral Metastases
173(1)
22.5 Treatment Options for Cerebral Metastases
173(5)
22.5.1 Supportive
175(1)
22.5.2 Surgery
175(1)
22.5.3 Whole Brain Radiotherapy
176(1)
22.5.4 Stereotactic Radiosurgery
176(1)
22.5.5 Chemotherapy and Novel Agents
177(1)
22.5.6 Treatment Outcomes by Primary Malignancy
177(1)
22.6 Authors' Recommendations
178(5)
23 Natural History and Management Options of Convexity Meningioma
183(6)
Chien Yew Kow
Arnold Bok
23.1 Introduction
183(1)
23.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Convexity Meningioma
183(1)
23.3 Natural History of Incidental Convexity Meningioma
184(1)
23.3.1 Size
184(1)
23.3.2 Growth Rate and Tumor Doubling Time
184(1)
23.4 Risk Factors That Predict Tumor Growth
185(1)
23.5 Recurrence
185(1)
23.6 Selected Papers on the Treatment Options for Convexity Meningioma
185(1)
23.7 Treatment Options for Convexity Meningioma
186(1)
23.8 Observation
186(1)
23.9 Surgery
186(1)
23.10 Radiotherapy
186(1)
23.11 Authors' Recommendations
187(2)
24 Natural History and Management Options of Ruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation
189(11)
Darius Tan
Helen Huang
Leon T. Lai
24.1 Introduction
189(1)
24.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Ruptured bAVMs
189(1)
24.3 Natural History of Ruptured bAVM
189(1)
24.4 Risk of Recurrent Hemorrhage
190(1)
24.5 Other Factors
190(1)
24.6 Associated Aneurysms
191(1)
24.7 Infratentorial Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
192(1)
24.8 Deep Venous Drainage
192(1)
24.9 Selected Papers on the Treatment of Ruptured bAVMs
192(1)
24.10 Treatment Options for Ruptured bAVM
192(1)
24.11 Surgery
192(2)
24.11.1 Timing of Intervention
193(1)
24.12 Stereotactic Radiosurgery
194(1)
24.12.1 Timing of Radiosurgery
195(1)
24.13 Embolization
195(2)
24.13.1 Role of Embolization
195(1)
24.13.2 Timing of Embolization
195(1)
24.13.3 Outcomes of Embolization
196(1)
24.14 Authors' Recommendations
197(3)
25 Natural History and Management Options of Trigeminal Neuralgia
200(10)
Adrian Praeger
Peter Teddy
Sarah Cain
Andranik Kahramanian
Bhadrakant Kavar
25.1 Introduction
200(1)
25.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Trigeminal Neuralgia
200(1)
25.3 Natural History of Trigeminal Neuralgia
200(1)
25.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia
201(1)
25.5 Treatment Options of Trigeminal Neuralgia
201(3)
25.5.1 Medical Therapy
201(1)
25.5.2 Microvascular Decompression
201(1)
25.5.3 Percutaneous Ablative Procedures
202(1)
25.5.4 Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation
203(1)
25.5.5 Glycerol/Alcohol Injection
203(1)
25.5.6 Balloon Compression
204(1)
25.5.7 Stereotactic Radiosurgery
204(1)
25.6 Trigeminal Neuralgia in Multiple Sclerosis
204(1)
25.7 Authors' Recommendations
204(6)
26 Natural History and Management Options of Cerebral Lymphoma
210(10)
Jordan Elizabeth Cory
Mohammed Awad
26.1 Introduction
210(1)
26.2 Diagnosis and Evaluation
211(1)
26.2.1 Imaging
211(1)
26.3 Selected Papers on Natural History of PCNSL
212(1)
26.4 Natural History of PCNSL
212(1)
26.5 AIDS-Associated PCNSL
212(2)
26.6 Selected Papers on Treatment Outcomes of PCNSL
214(1)
26.7 Treatment Outcomes of PCNSL
214(3)
26.7.1 The Role of Steroids Prior to Biopsy
214(1)
26.7.2 Induction Therapy
214(1)
26.7.3 Consolidation Therapy
214(1)
26.7.4 Surgery
215(2)
26.8 Authors' Recommendations
217(3)
27 Natural History and Management Options of Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus
220(9)
Bob Homapour
Chris Xenos
27.1 Introduction
220(2)
27.2 Selected Papers on the Natural History of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
222(1)
27.3 Natural History
222(1)
27.4 Selected Papers on the Treatment Options of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
223(1)
27.5 Treatment Options
223(1)
27.6 Treatment Outcomes
224(2)
27.7 Authors' Recommendations
226(3)
Index 229
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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