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E-grāmata: New Directions in Thin Film Nanophotonics

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This book highlights recent advances in thin-film photonics, particularly as building blocks of metamaterials and metasurfaces. Recent advances in nanophotonics has demonstrated remarkable control over the electromagnetic field by tailoring the optical properties of materials at the subwavelength scale which results in the emergence of metamaterials and metasurfaces. However, most of the proposed platforms require intense lithography which makes them of minor practical relevance. Stacked ultrathin-films of dielectrics, semi-conductors, and metals are introduced as an alternative platform that perform unique or similar functionalities. This book discusses the new era of thin film photonics and its potential applications in perfect and selective light absorption, structural coloring, biosensing, enhanced spontaneous emission, reconfigurable photonic devices and super lensing.?
Part I Development and Applications of Metal/Dielectric Resonant Cavity-Based Thin Film Structures
1 Perfect Light Absorption in Thin and Ultra-Thin Films and Its Applications
3(1)
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Approaches to Realize Perfect Light Absorbers
4(2)
1.3 Lithography-Free Perfect Light Absorption in Critically Coupled, Interference Based, Thin and Ultrathin Films
6(3)
1.4 Designer Perfect Light Absorption in Thin Film Absorbers
9(6)
1.4.1 Designer Wavelength Range
9(2)
1.4.2 Designer Absorption Bandwidth
11(2)
1.4.3 Designer Profile of Optical Losses
13(1)
1.4.4 Designer Perfect Light Absorption Angle
14(1)
1.5 Iridescence Properties of Thin-Film Interference-Based Light Absorbers
15(2)
1.6 Thermally Induced Perfect Light Absorption in Low Reflectance Metals
17(4)
1.7 Applications
21(8)
1.7.1 Structural Colors Using Thin-Film Light Absorbers
21(2)
1.7.2 Hydrogen Gas Sensing Using Thin-Film Light Absorbers
23(2)
References
25(4)
2 Realization of Point-of-Darkness and Extreme Phase Singularity in Nanophotonic Cavities
29(1)
2.1 Topological Darkness
29(1)
2.2 Lithography-Free Nanophotonic Cavities
30(2)
2.3 Singular Phase at the Point-of-Darkness
32(3)
2.4 Phase-Sensitive Biosensing
35(3)
2.5 Microfluidics Integrated Cavities
38(2)
2.6 Real-Time Sensing of Small Biomolecules
40(5)
References
43(2)
3 Phase Change Material-Based Nanophotonic Cavities for Reconfigurable Photonic Device Applications
45(1)
3.1 Phase Change Material-Tuned Photonics
45(2)
3.2 Tunable Color Filters Based on Multilayer Stacks
47(2)
3.3 Tunable Perfect Absorption
49(2)
3.4 Tunable Singular Phase at the Point-of-Darkness
51(3)
3.5 Enhanced and Tunable Goos-Hanchen Shift at the Point-of-Darkness
54(5)
References
57(2)
4 Sub-wavelength Nanopatterning Using Thin Metal Films
59(1)
4.1 Laser Interference Lithography
59(1)
4.2 Evanescent Wave Interference Lithography
60(2)
4.3 Plasmonic Lithography
62(1)
4.4 Theoretical Analysis of Surface Plasmon Interference
63(6)
4.5 Numerical Analysis of Surface Plasmon Interference
69(2)
4.6 Nanopatterning Based on Multiple Beams Surface Plasmon Interference
71(10)
References
77(4)
Part II Development and Applications of Multilayered Hyperbolic Metamaterials
5 Dielectric Singularities in Hyperbolic Metamaterials
81(1)
5.1 Introduction
81(1)
5.2 Effective Medium Theory and HMMs Dispersion Relation
82(4)
5.3 Design of the Epsilon-Near-Zero-and-Pole Condition
86(3)
5.4 Far-Field Analysis and Scattering Parameters of Ag/ITO ENZP HMM
89(2)
5.5 Light Propagation at the ENZP Wavelength and Supercollimation Effect
91(2)
5.6 ENZP Perfect Lens
93(2)
5.7 Three Materials ENZP HMMs
95(8)
References
100(3)
6 Resonant Gain Singularities in Hyperbolic Metamaterials
103(1)
6.1 Resonant Gain Epsilon-Near-Zero and Pole Condition
103(2)
6.2 Design of the Gain Blend
105(4)
6.2.1 Step 1---Selecting a High Refractive Index Dielectric
105(1)
6.2.2 Step 2---Selecting a Dye with Emission Peaked at 426 nm
106(1)
6.2.3 Step 3---Calculating the Value of ε"d for Which ε" Shows a Pole at 426 nm
106(1)
6.2.4 Step 4 and 5---Calculation of the Concentration No of Dye Molecules and of the "Gain Blend" Effective Permittivity
107(2)
6.2.5 Step 6---Verifying the Presence of the "Resonant Gain Singularity" in ε" at the ENZP Wavelength
109(1)
6.3 Supercollimation and Light Amplification in the RG-HMM
109(3)
6.4 Self-Amplified Perfect Lens (APL)
112(5)
References
114(3)
7 Metal/Photoemissive-Blend Hyperbolic Metamaterials for Controlling the Topological Transition
117(1)
7.1 Introduction
117(1)
7.2 Design, Fabrication and Characterization of the Thermo-Responsive Blend
118(4)
7.3 Design, Fabrication and Characterization of the HMM Embedding the Thermo-Responsive Blend
122(2)
7.4 Thermal Tunability of the Optical and Photophysical Response of the HMM
124(5)
References
128(1)
8 Guided Modes of Hyperbolic Metamaterial and Their Applications
129(1)
8.1 Guided Modes of Hyperbolic Metamaterials
129(1)
8.2 Excitation of Guided Modes of HMM
130(9)
8.2.1 Using Grating Coupling Technique
130(6)
8.2.2 Using Prism Coupling Technique
136(3)
8.3 Applications of Grating-Coupled HMMs
139(20)
8.3.1 Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Biosensing
139(7)
8.3.2 Spontaneous Emission Enhancement
146(5)
8.3.3 Multiband, Broad- and Narrow-Band Perfect Absorption and Absorption-Based Plasmonic Sensors
151(5)
References
156(3)
9 Graphene and Topological Insulator-Based Active THz Hyperbolic Metamaterials
159(1)
9.1 Introduction
159(1)
9.2 Graphene-Based Hyperbolic Metamaterials
160(2)
9.3 Van der Waals Superlattice-Based Hyperbolic Metamaterials
162(1)
9.4 Negative Refraction in THz Hyperbolic Metamaterials
163(4)
9.4.1 Negative Refraction in Graphene-Based HMMs
164(1)
9.4.2 Negative Refraction in Topological Insulator-Based HMMs
165(2)
9.5 Excitation of BBP Modes of Graphene-Based HMMs
167(2)
9.6 Active Hyperbolic Metamaterials Based on Topological Insulator and Phase Change Material
169
References
171
Dr. Sreekanth K.V. received his PhD degree in photonics from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He then worked as a Postdoctoral researcher for three years at the department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, USA and one year at the Engineering Product Development department, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore. He is also serving as an Editorial Board member for Scientific Reports, a journal by Nature publishing group. He is currently working as a Project Leader at the Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), Nanyang Technological University. Dr. Mohamed ElKabbash obtained his bachelors in Law and Master in Law from Alexandria University, Egypt. He then obtained a B. A. in physics and economics from Illinois Wesleyan University, IL, USA, and PhD in physics from Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. He is currently a postdoctoral associate at the high intensity femtosecond laser lab, the institute of optics, University of Rochester, NY, USA. Dr. Vincenzo Caligiuri received his Master Degree in Electronic Engineering in 2013 at the University of Calabria. In 2017 he received his Ph.D. in Physics and Material Science at the University of Calabria, in collaboration with the Nanoplasm laboratory of Case Western Reserve University, Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and CNR Nanotech. At the moment, he is working as a Post-Doc at the Nanochemistry Department of the Italian Institute of Technology.

Prof. Ranjan Singh is an Assistant Professor at the School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He received his M. S. degree in Optoelectronics and Laser Technology from Cochin University of Science and Technology, India and PhD in photonics from Oklahoma State University, USA. Before joining NTU, he was a postdoctoral research associate at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA.



Prof. Antonio De Luca is an Associate Professor of Applied Physics at University of Calabria. He is affiliated to INSTM, the National Consortium on the Materials Science and Technology and Co-Chair of the scientific initiative From Life to Life National Academy of Lincei. He is the President of the Associazione NanoPlasm that is involved to the promotion of research activities in Plasmonics and Nano-Photonics. He is also affiliated with CNR-National Research Council, Nanotec Institute Italy. He completed his PhD at University of Calabria.

Prof. Giuseppe Strangi is Professor of Physics and General Medical Sciences at Case Western Reserve University, USA. He also holds an endowed chair professorships as Ohio Research Scholar in Surfaces of Advanced Materials at CWRU. He is senior scientist of the National Research Council (CNR- Italy). Strangi is the President of the Scientific Committee of the Foundation Con il Cuore, a national foundation that supports cancer research in Europe and he is the General Chair of the International Conference NANOPLASM New Frontiers in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics. He is fellow of The Institute of Science of the Origins and of the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (CWRU), Senior Member of Optical Society of America and American Physical Society.