| Preface |
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iii | |
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ix | |
| Executive Summary: A Thematic Road Map |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxi | |
| Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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xxiii | |
| Introduction Toward A New View of Critical Technologies |
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1 | (1) |
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The Issue of Critical Technology |
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1 | (7) |
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Technology and the Public Purpose: The National Critical Technologies Reports |
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2 | (4) |
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Shortcomings of the NCT Assessment Process |
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6 | (1) |
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Critical Technologies: Industry's View |
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7 | (1) |
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The Form and Conduct of this Study |
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8 | (3) |
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How the Study Was Conducted |
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8 | (2) |
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What the Study Is-and What It Is Not |
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10 | (1) |
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Organization of the Report |
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11 | (4) |
| PART I---WHAT ARE THE CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES? |
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15 | (64) |
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Critical Technologies of Today |
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17 | (26) |
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Technology with Cross-Sectoral Ubiquity |
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18 | (19) |
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19 | (4) |
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Microelectronics and Telecommunications |
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23 | (4) |
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Advanced Manufacturing Technology |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (4) |
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Sensors and Imaging Technologies |
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34 | (3) |
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Technologies at the Interstices |
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37 | (6) |
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38 | (1) |
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Overhaul-and-Repair Technology |
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39 | (1) |
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Complex-Product System-Coordination Technology |
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40 | (3) |
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Over The Horizon: Technologies in Evolution and Revolution |
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43 | (22) |
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43 | (12) |
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Electronics and Information Technology |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (3) |
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Lithography: Manufacturing Computer and Communications Equipment |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (3) |
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Making Old Materials in New Ways |
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55 | (2) |
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Environmentally Friendly Materials |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (3) |
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Biotechnology and Medicine |
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58 | (1) |
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Biotechnology and Agriculture |
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59 | (1) |
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Biotechnology and the Environment |
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60 | (1) |
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Biotechnology and Communications |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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Applying Technologies to Hard Problems; Creating Opportunities |
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63 | (2) |
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Technologies of National Importance |
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65 | (14) |
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66 | (4) |
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Technologies Critical to National Defense |
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67 | (2) |
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Ensuring Access to Critical Technologies |
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69 | (1) |
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Technologies Associated With Critical Resources |
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70 | (1) |
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Health and the Environment |
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70 | (3) |
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Health-Related Technologies |
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71 | (1) |
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Environmental Technologies |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (5) |
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Technology Leadership Conferring Economic Leadership |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Potential Technologies Identified |
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77 | (2) |
| PART II---CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE LARGER CONTEXT |
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79 | (44) |
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The Sources of Critical Technology |
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81 | (20) |
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The Location of New-Technology Generation and Development |
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82 | (11) |
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86 | (4) |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (1) |
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Domestic Content or Origin for Critical Technologies |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (6) |
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Laboratory-Based Proximity |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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Government's Role in Fostering Critical Technologies |
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101 | (22) |
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Leadership: Mobilizing the Public and Industry |
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102 | (3) |
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Ensuring Public Support for the R&D Enterprise |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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Laying the Foundations for Technological Breakthroughs |
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105 | (7) |
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Investing in S&T Infrastructure |
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106 | (1) |
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Investing in Education and Training |
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106 | (3) |
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109 | (3) |
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Preparing the Environment for Technology Development |
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112 | (5) |
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Protecting Intellectual Property |
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113 | (1) |
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Balancing Regulation and Deregulation |
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114 | (1) |
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Minimizing the Effect of Tort Laws |
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115 | (1) |
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Reducing the Costs of Capital |
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116 | (1) |
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Placing Respondents' Views in Context |
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117 | (6) |
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Points of Consensus and Dispute |
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117 | (1) |
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Using the Lens of Economic Theory to Sharpen the Image |
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118 | (2) |
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Comparing This Image with Current Funding Patterns |
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120 | (3) |
| PART III---NEW PATHS FOR ASSESSING CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES |
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123 | (26) |
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Recasting Discussion of Critical Technologies |
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125 | (24) |
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How Business Views Technology-and Its Criticality |
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125 | (3) |
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``Critical Technology'': Definitions Reconsidered |
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127 | (1) |
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Industry, Critical Technologies, and the NCT Review Process |
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128 | (5) |
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The Idea: Goals and Objectives |
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129 | (2) |
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The Mechanics: The Conduct of the Discussion Between and Within Industry and Government |
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131 | (2) |
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A Vision for Critical-Technologies Assessment in the United States |
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133 | (4) |
| Appendix |
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137 | (6) |
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B. List And Frequency Check of Critical Technologies |
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143 | (6) |
| Bibliography |
|
149 | |
