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New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Microbial Cellulase System Properties and Applications [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 300 pages, height x width: 276x216 mm, weight: 750 g, 50 illustrations; Illustrations, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444635076
  • ISBN-13: 9780444635075
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 300 pages, height x width: 276x216 mm, weight: 750 g, 50 illustrations; Illustrations, unspecified
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 0444635076
  • ISBN-13: 9780444635075
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New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Microbial Cellulase System Properties and Applications covers the biochemistry of cellulase system, its mechanisms of action, and its industrial applications. Research has shed new light on the mechanisms of microbial cellulase production and has led to the development of technologies for production and applications of cellulose degrading enzymes.

The biological aspects of processing of cellulosic biomass have become the crux of future research involving cellulases and cellulolytic microorganisms, as they are being commercially produced by several industries globally and are widely being used in food, animal feed, fermentation, agriculture, pulp and paper, and textile applications. The book discusses modern biotechnology tools, especially in the area of microbial genetics, novel enzymes, and new enzyme and the applications in various industries.

As a professional reference, this new book is useful to all researchers working with microbial cellulase system, both academic institutions and industry-based research bodies, as well as to teachers, graduate, and postgraduate students with information on continuous developments in microbial cellulase system. The book provides an indispensable reference source for chemists, biochemical engineers/bioengineers, biochemists, biotechnologists and researchers who want to know about the unique properties of this microbe and explore its future applications.

  • Compiles the latest developments made and currently undergoing in the area of microbial cellulase system.
  • Chapters are contributed from top researchers on this area around the globe
  • Includes information related to almost all areas of microbial cellulase system
  • Extensive cover of current industrial applications and discusses potential future applications

Papildus informācija

An indispensable reference source for chemists, biochemical engineers/bioengineers, biochemists, biotechnologists and researchers who want to know about the unique properties of microbial cellulose and its future applications
List of Contributors
xi
Part I Cellulose Systems
1 Important Roles of the Cellulosome on Degradation of Plant Biomass
Kosuke Yamamoto
Yutaka Tamaru
1 Introduction
3(1)
2 Functions and Roles of the C. Cellulovorans Cellulosome
3(2)
3 A Large Gene Cluster and Expression Control of the Genes Related to the Cellulosome
5(1)
4 Synergistic Effect on Cellulosomal Subunits and/or Noncellulosomal Enzymes
5(1)
5 Postgenome Studies on C. Cellulovorans
5(2)
6 Outlook
7(2)
References
7(2)
2 Fungal Cellulases: An Overview
Arun Panchapakesan
Naveen Shankar
1 Introduction
9(1)
2 Types of Fungal Cellulase (Fungal Cellulases)
9(2)
2.1 Endoglucanases (EG)
10(1)
2.2 Cellobiohydrolases
10(1)
2.3 β-Glucosidases
10(1)
3 Major Fungal Cellulase Producers
11(3)
3.1 Trichoderma
11(1)
3.2 Aspergillus
12(1)
3.3 Penicillium
13(1)
4 Other Notable Producers
14(5)
References
15(4)
3 Comparative Biochemistry and Kinetics of Microbial Cellulase
Mary Esther Rani
Nathan Vinod Kumar
Rathinasamy Gunaseeli
Narayanan Dhiraviam Kannan
1 Introduction
19(1)
2 Sources of Microorganisms
19(1)
3 Microorganisms Involved in Cellulase Synthesis
20(1)
4 Classification of Microbial Cellulase
20(1)
5 Enzyme--Substrate Interaction
21(1)
6 Specific Activity and Kinetics of Cellulase
21(1)
7 Inhibition of Cellulolytic Activity
22(1)
8 Catabolic Repression and Production Strategies
23(2)
9 Immobilization of Cellulase Enzyme
25(1)
10 Synergism with Other Enzyme Complexes
26(1)
11 Conclusions
26(5)
References
27(4)
4 Impact of Microbial Cellulases on Microbial Cellulose Biotechnology
Bhavana V. Mohite
Satish V. Patil
1 Microbial Cellulose
31(1)
2 Microbial Cellulase
31(2)
2.1 Cellulase Enzyme System
31(2)
3 Microbial Cellulose Degradation/Utilization
33(1)
4 Impact of Microbial Cellulases on Microbial Cellulose Biotechnology
33(4)
4.1 Possible Roles for Cellulases in Cellulose Synthesis
33(1)
4.2 Reactivities of Cellulases Toward Bacterial Cellulose
34(1)
4.3 Effect of Cellulase Enzyme for Enhancement of Microbial Cellulose Production
34(2)
4.4 Integration of Cellulase into Bacterial Cellulose
36(1)
4.5 Use of Cellulase for Cellulose Degradation to Produce Biofuel
37(1)
5 Outlook
37(6)
References
38(5)
Part II Diversity
5 Microbial Diversity and Cellulase Production
David B. Wilson
1 Introduction
43(1)
2 Cellulase Mechanisms
43(1)
3 Endocellulases
44(1)
4 Cellulase Synergism
44(1)
5 Cellulase Kinetics
44(1)
6 Cellulolytic Fungi
45(1)
7 Cellulolytic Bacteria
45(1)
8 Cellulose Digestion in Soil
46(1)
9 Conclusions
46(3)
References
46(3)
6 Diversity of Microbial Cellulase System
Sonia Sharma
Syed Shams Yazdani
1 Introduction
49(1)
2 Cellulose -- an Insight into Structure
49(1)
3 Cellulose-Degrading Enzyme System -- the Cellulases
50(2)
3.1 Catalytic Mechanism of Cellulases
51(1)
3.2 Strategies for Cellulase Utilization
51(1)
3.3 Classification of Cellulases into GH Families
52(1)
3.4 Phylogenetic Analysis of the Cellulases Belonging to Various GH Families
52(1)
4 Diversity of Cellulolytic Microorganisms
52(6)
4.1 Cellulolytic Fungi
54(2)
4.2 Cellulolytic Bacteria
56(2)
4.3 Cellulases from Unculturable Microbes
58(1)
5 Carbohydrate-Binding Modules
58(1)
6 Auxiliary Activity Enzymes
59(1)
7 Conclusions
60(5)
References
60(5)
7 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose for Ethanol Production: Fundamentals, Optimal Enzyme Ratio, and Hydrolysis Modeling
Deepak Kumar
Ganti S. Murthy
1 Introduction
65(1)
2 Cellulose Structure
65(2)
3 Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis
67(4)
3.1 Cellulase System of T. reesei
67(2)
3.2 Synergism During Hydrolysis
69(1)
3.3 Factors Affecting Enzymatic Hydrolysis
70(1)
3.4 Enzyme Activity
71(1)
4 Synthetic Enzyme Mixtures
71(1)
5 Enzymatic Hydrolysis Modeling
72(3)
6 Conclusions
75(6)
References
75(6)
Part III Methods and Advancements
8 Rhizobium Symbiotic Enzyme Cellulase CeIC2: Properties and Applications
Esther Menendez
Alexandra Diez-Mendez
Marta Marcos-Garcia
Lorena Celador-Lera
Jose D. Flores-Felix
Lina Rivera
Marta Robledo
Encarna Velazquez
Eustoquio Martinez-Molina
Raul Rivas
Pedro F. Mateos
1 Introduction
81(1)
1.1 "Changing Our Minds", a Necessary Concept for Enhancing Responsible Crop Production
81(1)
1.2 Beneficial Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture
81(1)
1.3 Rhizobia--Legume Infection Process
82(1)
2 Biochemical and Genomic Characterization of Rhizobial Cellulase CeIC2
82(2)
3 Cellulase CeIC2 and Cellulose: Implications in the Hydrolysis and the Biosynthesis of Rhizobial Cellulose
84(2)
3.1 Cellulose Hydrolysis
84(1)
3.2 Cellulose Biosynthesis
85(1)
4 Biotechnological Applications: Biofilms and Agrobiotechnology
86(5)
References
87(4)
9 Thermostable and Alkaline Cellulases from Marine Sources
Neelamegam Annamalai
Mayavan Veeramuthu Rajeswari
Thangavel Balasubramanian
1 Introduction
91(1)
2 Microbial Enzymes
91(1)
3 Extremozymes
91(1)
4 Marine Microorganisms as a Potential Source of Novel Enzymes
91(1)
5 Thermostable and Alkaline Enzymes
92(1)
6 Microbial Cellulases
92(1)
7 Thermostable Cellulases
93(1)
8 Alkaline Cellulases
94(1)
9 Industrial Applications of Thermostable and Alkaline Cellulases
94(2)
9.1 Food Processing Industry
94(1)
9.2 Textile Industry
95(1)
9.3 Laundry Industry
95(1)
9.4 Pulp and Paper Industry
95(1)
9.5 Bioethanol Production
96(1)
9.6 Waste Management
96(1)
10 Improvement of Cellulase Activity
96(1)
11 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
96(3)
References
97(2)
10 Cloning and Recombinant Expression of a Cellulase
Adinarayana Kunamneni
1 Introduction
99(2)
2 Cloning and Expression
101(3)
3 Conclusions
104(3)
References
104(3)
11 Recent Updates on Immobilization of Microbial Cellulase
Khandaker S. Salem
Taslim U. Rashid
Asaduzzaman
Md. Minhajul Islam
M. Nuruzzaman Khan
Sadia Sharmeen
Mohammed Mizanur Rahman
Papia Haque
1 Introduction
107(1)
2 Microbial Cellulase
108(1)
3 Types of Source
108(3)
3.1 Fungi
110(1)
3.2 Bacteria
110(1)
4 Structure and Catalytic Activity of Cellulases
111(1)
5 Cellulase Immobilization
112(10)
5.1 Effect of Immobilization on the Stability of Cellulase
112(1)
5.2 Cellulase Induction
112(1)
5.3 Matrices for Immobilization of Microbial Cellulase
113(1)
5.4 Natural Polymers
114(1)
5.5 Synthetic Polymers
115(1)
5.6 Inorganic Materials
115(1)
5.7 Nanoparticles
116(1)
5.8 Reactor Systems
116(1)
5.9 Technique for Immobilization of Microbial Cellulase
117(3)
5.10 Activity of Immobilized Cellulase
120(1)
5.11 Recycling of Immobilized Cellulase
121(1)
6 Effect of Different Factors on Immobilized Cellulase Activity
122(2)
6.1 Effect of Temperature on Immobilized Cellulase
122(1)
6.2 Effect of pH on Immobilized Cellulases
123(1)
6.3 Thermal Stability
123(1)
6.4 Reusability
123(1)
6.5 Storage Stability
123(1)
7 Modern Applications of Immobilized Cellulase
124(4)
7.1 Pulp and Paper Industry
124(1)
7.2 Textile Industry
124(1)
7.3 Bioethanol Industry
125(1)
7.4 Wine and Brewery Industry
125(1)
7.5 Food Processing Industry
126(1)
7.6 Animal Feed Industry
126(1)
7.7 Agricultural Industries
127(1)
7.8 Olive Oil Extraction
127(1)
7.9 Carotenoid Extraction
128(1)
7.10 Detergent Industry
128(1)
7.11 Waste Management
128(1)
8 Future Perspective -- the Challenges in Cellulase Immobilization Research
128(1)
9 Conclusions
129(12)
References
130(11)
12 Molecular Characterization of Nanoimmobilized Cellulase in Facilitating Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Reinu E. Abraham
Colin J. Barrow
Munish Puri
1 Introduction
141(1)
2 Enzyme Immobilization on Nanomaterials
142(1)
3 Characterization of Nanomaterial-Immobilized Enzyme
143(3)
3.1 Fourier-Transform Infrared Microscopy
144(1)
3.2 Electron Microscopy
144(1)
3.3 Biochemical Characteristics
145(1)
3.4 Thermal Stability
145(1)
4 Recent Trends in Immobilization
146(1)
5 Biofuel Cells
146(1)
6 Conclusions
146(7)
References
147(6)
Part IV Applications
13 Cellulase in Pulp and Paper Industry
Shalini Singh
Vivek K. Singh
Mohd Aamir
Manish K. Dubey
Jai S. Patel
Ram S. Upadhyay
Vijai Kumar Gupta
1 Introduction
153(1)
2 Sources of Cellulases
153(2)
3 Molecular Architecture and Mode of Action of Cellulases
155(1)
4 Application of Cellulases in Paper and Pulp Industry
156(3)
4.1 Enzymatic Deinking
157(1)
4.2 Drainage Improvement
157(1)
4.3 Biobleaching
158(1)
4.4 Biopulping
158(1)
4.5 Debarking
158(1)
4.6 Biorefineries
159(1)
5 Treatment of Cellulosic Paper Waste
159(1)
6 Characterization of Pulp Fibers
160(1)
7 Fiber Analysis and Modification
160(1)
8 Cellulase Biotechnology: Future Prospects
161(1)
9 Conclusions
161(4)
References
162(3)
14 An Overview of Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes and Their Applications in Textile Industry
Leonora Rios de Souza Moreira
Debora Lo Sciuto
Edivaldo Ximenes Ferreira Filho
1 Introduction
165(1)
2 Cellulose Structure
165(1)
3 Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes
166(1)
4 Applications of Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes in Textile Industry
166(7)
4.1 An Environmental Concern
166(1)
4.2 An Economic Concern
167(1)
4.3 Cellulases in Textile Industries
168(4)
4.4 Commercial Cellulases for Textile Industries
172(1)
5 Conclusions
173(4)
References
173(4)
15 Applications of Cellulase in Biofuel Industry
John Carrigan
1 History of Lignocellulosic Biofuel Development
177(1)
2 Current Outlook for Cellulosic Biofuels
178(2)
3 Cellulases and Auxiliary Enzymes
180(1)
4 The Blend Wall
180(1)
5 The Enzyme Production Race
181(1)
6 The Need for Pretreatment
182(3)
References
183(2)
16 Cellulase Application in Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Biomass
Sherif M.A.S. Keshk
1 Introduction
185(1)
2 Cellulase Enzyme
185(1)
3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass
186(2)
4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oat Hulls
188(1)
5 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Oil Palm
188(1)
6 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Grass and Weed Plant
189(1)
7 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Recycled Newspaper and Pulp
189(4)
References
189(4)
17 Cellulases: Application in Wine and Brewery Industry
Subhojit Chakraborty
Rishi Gupta
Kavish Kumar Jain Hemansi
Sheenu Gautam
Ramesh Chander Kuhad
1 Introduction
193(1)
2 Cellulases
193(2)
3 Mode of Action of Cellulases
195(1)
4 Role of Cellulase in Brewery Industry
195(2)
5 Role of Cellulases in Wine Industry
197(2)
6 Conclusions
199(2)
References
199(2)
18 Cellulases for Food Applications
Juliana Ferreira Soares
Valeria Dal Pra
Aniela Kempka Pinto
Rosa Cristina Prestes
Marcus Vinicius Tres
Raquel Cristine Kuhn
Marcio A. Mazutti
1 Introduction
201(1)
2 Use of Cellulase to Improve the Extraction and Clarification of Fruit and Vegetable Juices
201(2)
3 Cellulase to Improve Cloud Stability and Texture, and Decrease Viscosity of the Nectars and Purees from Tropical Fruits
203(1)
4 Cellulases to Improve Extraction of Olive Oil
204(1)
5 Cellulases to Alter the Texture, Flavor, and Other Sensory Property Characteristics of Fruits and Vegetables
205(2)
6 Conclusion
207(2)
References
207(2)
19 Cellulase Applications in Pigment and Bioactive Compound Extraction
Roberto Lavecchia
Antonio Zuorro
1 Introduction
209(1)
2 Pigments and Other Bioactive Compounds in Plants
209(3)
2.1 Carotenoids
210(1)
2.2 Phenolic Compounds
210(1)
2.3 Tetrapyrroles
210(1)
2.4 Alkaloids
211(1)
2.5 Lipids
211(1)
2.6 Polysaccharides
211(1)
2.7 Proteins and Peptides
212(1)
3 Cell Wall Degradation by Cellulases and Related Enzymes
212(2)
3.1 Cell Wall Structure
212(1)
3.2 Enzymatic Cell Wall Degradation
212(2)
4 Cellulase-Assisted Extraction Processes
214(2)
4.1 Selection of Enzyme System
214(1)
4.2 Effect of Processing Conditions
214(2)
4.3 Advantages and Limitations
216(1)
5 Examples of Applications
216(4)
5.1 Extraction of Phenolic Pigments from Grape Pomace
216(1)
5.2 Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Peels
217(1)
5.3 Extraction of Bioactive Polysaccharides from Pumpkin and Garlic
217(1)
5.4 Extraction of Stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana Leaves
218(1)
5.5 Extraction of Essential Oils from Thyme and Rosemary Leaves
219(1)
6 Conclusions
220(3)
References
220(3)
20 Identifying Potential Cationic Surfactant -- Cellulase and Computational Approaches
Ali Asghar Rastegari
1 Introduction
223(2)
2 Models Based on Biochemical and Biophysical Processes
225(2)
2.1 Biophysical Model for Dynamic Behavior Surfactant -- Cellulase System
225(2)
2.2 Biochemical Network of Behavior of Cellulase -- Surfactant System
227(1)
3 Experimental Results and Discussions
227(7)
3.1 Surfactant Pretreatment
229(1)
3.2 Surfactant Selective Membrane Electrode Study
229(1)
3.3 Micellization Process of Cellulase Fluorescence by Surfactant
230(3)
3.4 Turbidity Analysis of Cellulase and Surfactant
233(1)
3.5 Study of Surfactant-Induced Unfolding of Cellulase
233(1)
4 Conclusion
234(3)
References
234(3)
21 Cellulase in Waste Management Applications
M. Nuruzzaman Khan
Ismat Zerin Luna
Md. Minhajul Islam
Sadia Sharmeen
Khandaker S. Salem
Taslim U. Rashid
Asaduz Zaman
Papia Haque
Mohammed Mizanur Rahman
1 Introduction
237(1)
2 Cellulase
238(2)
3 Classification of Cellulase
240(1)
3.1 Endoglucanase
240(1)
3.2 Exoglucanase/Cellobiohydrolases
240(1)
3.3 β-Glucosidase/Cellobiase
240(1)
4 Production of Cellulase
240(1)
4.1 Sol id-State Fermentation
240(1)
4.2 Submerged Fermentation
240(1)
5 Catalytic Mechanisms of Cellulase
241(1)
6 Cellulase in MSW Treatment
242(2)
6.1 Composition and Statistics of MSW
242(1)
6.2 Municipal Waste Management Proposals
242(1)
6.3 Cellulase as a Potential Trigger for MSW Management
243(1)
6.4 Composting the Green Technology
243(1)
7 Cellulase in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment
244(1)
7.1 Action of Enzyme in Sludge Hydrolysis
244(1)
7.2 Influencing Factors and Location of Hydrolytic Enzymes
244(1)
7.3 Cellulase as a Key of Sludge Hydrolysis
245(1)
8 Cellulase in Agricultural Waste Management
245(2)
8.1 Bioconversion of Banana Agro Waste
245(1)
8.2 Bioconversion of Rice Straw
246(1)
8.3 Bioconversion of Waste Leaves and Bamboo
246(1)
8.4 Bioconversion of Sorghum Straw
246(1)
8.5 Bioconversion of Corn Cob
246(1)
8.6 Bioconversion of Cotton Wastes
246(1)
8.7 Bioconversion of Sawdust
247(1)
8.8 Bioconversion of Vegetable and Fruit Wastes
247(1)
9 Cellulase in Industrial Waste Management
247(1)
9.1 Enzymatic Biodegradation of Cellulose Contaminated with Radioactive Material
247(1)
9.2 Enzymatic Saccharification of Pretreated Hemp Biomass
248(1)
9.3 Enzymatic Removal of Toners and Inks from Office Waste Papers
248(1)
9.4 Enzymatic Degradation of Textile Wastes
248(1)
10 Bioremediation of Lignocellulosic Wastes Using Cellulase
248(3)
10.1 Sugars and Bioethanol
248(2)
10.2 Improved Animal Feeds
250(1)
10.3 Compost Product
251(1)
10.4 Organic Acids
251(1)
10.5 Flavors
251(1)
10.6 Bioactive Compounds
251(1)
11 Conclusions
251(6)
References
252(5)
22 Microbial Cellulase Applications in Algal Research
Maja Leitgeb
Zeljko Knez
Mateja Primozic
1 Introduction
257(1)
2 Biomass
258(1)
3 Food
259(1)
4 Protoplasts
259(1)
5 Pharmaceuticals
260(1)
6 Biofuels
260(2)
7 Immobilization
262(5)
References
263(4)
23 Cellulase in Biomedical Research
Adinarayana Kunamneni
1 Introduction
267(1)
2 Biotechnical Background of Cellulose
268(1)
3 Microbial Sources of Cellulase
268(1)
4 Industrial Production of Cellulase
268(2)
5 Scope of Cellulase Use in Industry
270(1)
5.1 Pulp and Paper Industry
270(1)
5.2 Textile Industry
270(1)
5.3 Wine and Beer Industry
270(1)
5.4 Food Industry
270(1)
5.5 Animal Feed Industry
270(1)
5.6 Agricultural Industry
271(1)
5.7 Detergent Industry
271(1)
5.8 Recycling of Waste
271(1)
5.9 Production of Biofuels
271(1)
6 Use of Cellulases in Biosciences
271(1)
6.1 Bread Quality Improvement
271(1)
6.2 Nonbakery Food Industry
271(1)
6.3 Animal Feed Industry
271(1)
6.4 Research and Development
272(1)
6.5 Diet of Pets
272(1)
6.6 Plant Product Processing
272(1)
6.7 Seed Germination
272(1)
6.8 Miscellaneous
272(1)
7 Conclusion
272(5)
References
273(4)
Index 277
Dr Vijai G. Gupta is an Assistant Professor of Biotechnology at MITS University of India. Currently he is working as Research Scientist at National University of Ireland in Galway. Dr. Guptas present work is focused on the development and optimization of novel Enzyme-based bioconversion systems for biorefining and bioenergy. He has been honored with several awards, including the prestigious Indian ICAR Senior Research Fellowship and Indian Young Scientist Award. He has submitted 33 new fungal nucleotide sequences and deposited 147 fungal strains in International databases. His work with Fusarium spp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. is augmented by contributions to biotechnological development, molecular diversity, secondary metabolites and industrial applications Dr. Gupta is the editor-in-chief of the International Journal of Plant Pathology and a regional editorial board member of 8 other respected journals. He is the author of 40 journal articles and 27 book chapters. Gupta has also written and edited books and series from reputed publishers, including CRC Press, Taylor and Francis, USA; Springer, USA; Elsevier, USA; Nova Science Publisher, USA and LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.