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  • Formāts: 224 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Feb-2001
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309511544

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New Horizons in Health discusses how the National Institutes of Health (NIH) can integrate research in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences to better understand the causes of disease as well as interventions that promote health. It outlines a set of research priorities for consideration by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), with particular attention to research that can support and complement the work of the National Institutes of Health. By addressing the range of interactions among social settings, behavioral patterns, and important health concerns, it highlights areas of scientific opportunity where significant investment is most likely to improve nationaland globalhealth outcomes. These opportunities will apply the knowledge and methods of the behavioral and social sciences to contemporary health needs, and give attention to the chief health concerns of the general public.Table of Contents



Front Matter Executive Summary Introduction Predisease Pathways Positive Health: Resilience, Recovery, Primary Prevention, and Health Promotion Environmentally Induced Gene Expression Personal Ties Collective Properties and Healthy Communities The Influence of Inequality on Health Outcomes Population Perspectives: Understanding Health Trends and Evaluating the Health Care System Interventions Methodology Priorities Research Infrastructure Biographical Sketches Index
Preface xi
Executive Summary 1(16)
Introduction
17(8)
The Context: Behavioral and Social Sciences at the National Institutes of Health
18(1)
The Charge to the Committee
19(2)
The Integrative Approach to Health
21(1)
Key Influences on Pathways to Health
22(3)
Predisease Pathways
25(20)
Cumulative Physiological Risk
26(2)
Characterizing Predisease Pathways
28(11)
Connecting Predisease Pathways to Cumulative Physiological Risk
39(1)
Recommendations
40(5)
Positive Health: Resilience, Recovery, Primary Prevention, and Health Promotion
45(18)
Resilience and Resistance to Disease: Who Stays Well and Why?
47(2)
Recovery and Differential Survival Processes
49(2)
Advancing the Science of Primary Prevention
51(3)
New Directions in Positive Health Promotion
54(2)
Positive Health and the Council of Public Representatives
56(1)
Recommendations
57(6)
Environmentally Induced Gene Expression
63(10)
Genes Expression and Prenatal Development
64(1)
Personal Ties and Gene Expression in Midlife
65(1)
Animal Models and the Consequences of Mother-Child Interactions
66(1)
Intergenerational Transmission of Behavior
67(1)
Plasticity of Genetic Trajectories
68(1)
Whole-Genome Analyses
69(1)
Recommendations
70(3)
Personal Ties
73(18)
The Centrality of Personal Ties
73(4)
Personal Ties and Gene Expression
77(1)
Personal Ties and Brain Function and Structure
78(1)
Personal Ties and Neuroimmunological Activity
79(2)
Personal Ties and Infectious Disease
81(3)
Social Relational Routes to Health
82(2)
Recommendations
84(7)
Collective Properties and Healthy Communities
91(9)
Community Contexts and Multilevel Research
92(1)
Experimental Evidence
93(1)
Mechanisms
94(1)
Methodological Challenges and Research Priorities
95(2)
Interactions of Individual and Collective Properties
97(1)
Other Social Contexts
97(1)
Recommendations
98(2)
The Influence of Inequality on Health Outcomes
100(18)
Socioeconomic Status and Health
100(6)
Racial and Ethnic Inequality and Discrimination
106(5)
Recommendations
111(7)
Population Perspectives: Understanding Health Trends and Evaluating the Health Care System
118(30)
Time Trends and Spatial Variation in Population Health
118(12)
Accounting for Macro-Level Health Patterns
130(5)
Health and the Macroeconomy
135(2)
The Health Care System
137(5)
Future Directions in Population Surveys
142(1)
Recommendations
143(5)
Interventions
148(16)
Experience with Interventions
150(5)
Key Trends
155(2)
Future Research Needs and Directions
157(2)
Recommendations
159(5)
Methodology Priorities
164(20)
Characterizing Pathways
165(5)
Advancing the Understanding of Biological Mechanisms
170(5)
Methods of Data Analysis
175(3)
Design and Evaluation of Intervention Programs
178(1)
Recommendations
179(5)
Research Infrastructure
184(6)
High Priority Human and Animal Populations
184(2)
Clinical Research Centers
186(1)
Communities and Interventions
187(1)
Training
188(1)
Recommendations
188(2)
Biographical Sketches 190(7)
Index 197


Committee on Future Directions for Behavioral and Social Sciences Research at the National Institutes of Health, Burton H. Singer and Carol D. Ryff, Editors, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, National Research Council