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E-grāmata: New Psychology of Health: Unlocking the Social Cure

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, (Professor of Social and Organisational Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia), , (Professor of Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Neuropsychology at the University of Queensland, Australia),
  • Formāts: 510 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-May-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317301394
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  • Formāts: 510 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-May-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317301394
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British Psychology Society Textbook of the Year 2020

Why do people who are more socially connected live longer and have better health than those who are socially isolated?

Why are social ties at least as good for your health as not smoking, having a good diet, and taking regular exercise?

Why is treatment more effective when there is an alliance between therapist and client?

Until now, researchers and practitioners have lacked a strong theoretical foundation for answering such questions. This ground-breaking book fills this gap by showing how social identity processes are key to understanding and effectively managing a broad range of health-related problems.

Integrating a wealth of evidence that the authors and colleagues around the world have built up over the last decade, The New Psychology of Health provides a powerful framework for reconceptualising the psychological dimensions of a range of conditions including stress, trauma, ageing, depression, addiction, eating behaviour, brain injury, and pain.

Alongside reviews of current approaches to these various issues, each chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the ways in which theory and practice can be enriched by attention to social identity processes. Here the authors show not only how an array of social and structural factors shape health outcomes through their impact on group life, but also how this analysis can be harnessed to promote the delivery of social cures in a range of fields.

This is a must-have volume for service providers, practitioners, students, and researchers working in a wide range of disciplines and fields, and will also be essential reading for anyone whose goal it is to improve the health and well-being of people and communities in their care.

Recenzijas

'The New Psychology of Health could not have "come of age" at a more critical point in time. Setting out an analysis that has been meticulously developed and tested over the last decade, this book moves us beyond the stereotyped terms of a debate about whether health is a product of genes, environment or chance. Instead it argues that what lies at the heart of individuals health is the nature of the social connections that exist between them and the sense of shared identity that these connections both produce and are produced by.' - Professor Dame Sue Bailey, OBE, DBE, FRCPsych

It has been a touchstone of psychologists that they study individual differences: why, in a given set of social circumstances, one individual will respond differently to another. Socially oriented scientists ask questions about group differences, such as social inequalities in health. This important book brings the two perspectives together. The authors take a theory in psychology, social identity, and show how it can help us understand social determinants of health. More, it illustrates how social identity can underpin the protective effects of social connections and empowerment. - Sir Michael Marmot, Author of The Health Gap

This book is a potential game-changer in how we conceptualise our interventions and I thoroughly recommend it. It provides clear guidance on the application of well-researched theory to health and wellbeing and packs an important, fresh and timely message. It will be an invaluable resource for those who are in clinical training, those who provide training, and for researchers, policy makers and a lay readership who simply want a better understanding of important issues at the heart of their and others health. - Tony Wainwright, The Psychologist

Humans are intensely social, and pro-social, beings, so it should be no surprise that the quality of social relationships should have profound effects on human health and happiness. This book shows how modern knowledge of the power of social connections and social identity changes both epidemiology and best practices for prevention and treatment of almost every medical condition. Scholars, patients, practitioners, and managers of all the human care professions need to read this book. It offers many practical lessons alongside such a range of confirming psychological evidence that they will never see themselves, each other, their patients, and their jobs in the same way again. The social cure is magic, and effective for all humans whether young or old, ailing or healthy. - John F. Helliwell, Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of British Columbia, Canada

This book will change the way you think about health. It covers an impressive array of conditions, each time explaining how the social identity perspective changes our understanding of their development and treatment. This is an indispensable resource for all health professionals. - Naomi Ellemers, Distinguished University Professor, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

"In sum, as this book makes clear, group processes are relevant to all facets of health and ill-health cognitions, behaviours, phys-ical and mental health outcomes and the book offers fresh insights into these processes and the dynamic social contexts which shape them. The many profound effects docu-mented across The New Psychology of Health, and the practical contribution that the SIAH makes to understanding and responding to health challenges faced in todays society, should implore us all to take seriously the point that social groups can offer an acces-sible, meaningful, and sustainable social cure." - Dr Mark Tarrant, University of Exeter Medical School, The British Psychological Society

List of figures
xi
List of tables
xiv
The authors xv
Foreword xvii
Preface xviii
Acknowledgements xix
1 Introduction: Why do we need a new psychology of health?
1(11)
Current approaches to health
4(5)
Biomedical approaches
4(1)
Psychological approaches
5(2)
Social approaches
7(1)
Social capital
7(1)
Social determinants of health
8(1)
The social identity approach to health
9(3)
2 The social identity approach to health
12(24)
Social identity: definition and origins
14(1)
Why social identity is important for health
15(3)
Social identity theory: the psychology of intergroup relations
18(3)
Self-categorization theory: the psychology of group behaviour
21(5)
The depersonalisation process
21(1)
Determinants of social identity salience
22(2)
Social influence
24(2)
Applying the social identity approach to health
26(10)
Social identities are an important health-related resource
26(1)
Psychological resources that result from shared social identity
27(1)
Connectedness and positive orientation to others
27(2)
Meaning, purpose, and worth
29(1)
Social support
29(1)
Control, efficacy, and power
30(6)
3 Social status and disadvantage
36(27)
Current approaches to the health effects of social status
39(6)
Physiological models
39(2)
Human biological models
41(1)
Sociological and epidemiological models
42(3)
The social identity approach to social status and health
45(6)
Social identities are important determinants of social status
46(1)
Features of socio-structural context determine responses to group disadvantage
47(1)
Resisting identification with disadvantaged groups
47(1)
Leaving disadvantaged groups
48(3)
Social identification is beneficial for well-being even in disadvantaged groups
51(1)
Social identity resources facilitate adjustment to life transitions
52(4)
The social identity model of identity change (SIM1C)
53(3)
Disadvantage can be a barrier to successful social identity change
56(7)
Education contexts
56(2)
Housing contexts
58(1)
Community contexts
59(4)
4 Stigma
63(21)
Stigma and its effects on health
63(4)
Quantifying the relationship between stigma and health
66(1)
Current approaches to stigmatised group membership
67(4)
The dispositional model: the role of personality and individual differences
68(2)
The situational model: concealing stigma
70(1)
The social identity approach to stigma and health
71(13)
Social identity affects coping with stigma and discrimination
71(3)
Social identity affects the appraisal of stigma
74(2)
Features of the broader socio-structural context affect responses to stigma
76(1)
Pervasiveness of discrimination
76(1)
Permeability of group boundaries
77(1)
Cognitive alternatives to the status quo
78(1)
Social identity affects engagement with health services
79(5)
5 Stress
84(20)
Current approaches to understanding stress
84(8)
The biomedical model: the importance of physiology and adaptation
84(2)
The dispositional model: the role of personality and individual differences
86(1)
The situational model: the role of life events
87(2)
The transactional model: the role of appraisals of threat and support
89(3)
The social identity approach to stress
92(12)
Social identity is a determinant of primary stress appraisal
92(3)
Social identity is a basis for effective social support
95(2)
Social identity can transform the experience of stress
97(7)
6 Trauma and resilience
104(27)
Current approaches to trauma and resilience
109(6)
Biological models
109(2)
Psychoanalytic models
111(1)
Cognitive and behavioural models
112(3)
The social identity approach to trauma and resilience
115(16)
Social identity is central to the experience and appraisal of traumatic events
116(4)
Social identity is central to the experience of posttraumatic stress
120(3)
Social identity is a basis for resilience and posttraumatic growth
123(8)
7 Ageing
131(26)
Current approaches to ageing
133(6)
Medical and biological approaches
133(2)
Psychological approaches
135(1)
The role of individual differences
135(1)
The role of behaviour change
136(1)
Social determinants of healthy ageing
136(3)
The social identity approach to ageing
139(18)
Older adults' perceptions are shaped by age-based self-categorization and internalised age stereotypes
139(2)
Older adults' performance is shaped by age-based self-categorization and internalised age stereotypes
141(5)
Group memberships are protective in the context of age-related life transition
146(3)
Meaningful group identification improves health outcomes
149(8)
8 Depression
157(18)
Current approaches to depression
158(5)
The biochemical model
158(2)
The cognitive-behavioural model
160(1)
The interpersonal stress model
161(2)
The social identity approach to depression
163(12)
Social relationships counteract depression when they inform the self-concept
163(2)
Social identities counteract depression because they are a basis for meaning, agency, purpose, and support
165(1)
Social identities structure depression-related thoughts and perception
166(4)
Depression interventions are effective to the extent that they modify social identities or the social realities that inform them
170(5)
9 Addiction
175(28)
Current approaches to addiction treatment
178(10)
Biological and pharmacotherapy approaches
178(1)
Psychotherapeutic approaches
179(4)
Psychosocial approaches
183(1)
Couple and family therapies
184(1)
Residential and community treatment
185(1)
Mutual support groups
186(2)
The social identity approach to addiction
188(15)
Addiction trajectories are shaped by social identification, group norms, and social influence
188(1)
Stigma affects intentions to quit
189(1)
Addiction trajectories are shaped by multiple group memberships
190(3)
Addiction trajectories centre on processes of social identity change
193(1)
Social identity pathways are implicated in addiction onset and recovery
193(2)
Therapy groups facilitate social identity change
195(2)
Recovery involves shifting identification from using to non-using groups
197(6)
10 Eating behaviour
203(24)
Current models of eating behaviour
204(11)
Biological models
204(2)
Individual-difference models
206(1)
Social cognitive models
207(4)
Socio-cultural models
211(3)
Interactionist models
214(1)
The social identity approach to eating
215(12)
Social context provides cues that shape eating norms and invoke eating-relevant identities
216(2)
Social identity determines attention and conformity to eating norms
218(3)
Eating behaviour reflects and enacts ingroup norms
221(1)
Group-based stigma can fuel an epidemic of unhealthy eating
222(5)
11 Acquired brain injury
227(25)
The nature and impact of ABI
227(4)
Current approaches to acquired brain injury
231(5)
The cognitive behavioural approach
231(1)
The self-concept approach
232(3)
The holistic approach
235(1)
The social identity approach to acquired brain injury
236(16)
Adjustment to acquired brain injury involves processes of social identity change
236(4)
People with ABI can pursue a range of different self-enhancement strategies
240(3)
People with ABI can pursue a strategy of individual mobility by choosing not to disclose their injury
243(1)
People with ABI can pursue a strategy of social creativity that is a basis for posttraumatic growth
244(3)
Cognitive deficits can interfere with self-categorization processes
247(5)
12 Acute pain
252(26)
Defining pain
252(2)
Current approaches to acute pain
254(9)
Physiological models: the role of sensory pathways
254(4)
Psychological models: the role of cognitive appraisal and individual differences
258(2)
The hedonic model: pain as a basis for growth
260(3)
The social identity approach to acute pain
263(15)
Pain is a social glue that binds people to the group
264(3)
"Our" pain is more real than "their" pain
267(1)
Social identity affects the appraisal of pain
268(1)
Social identity can help people cope with physical pain
269(3)
Social identity can help people cope with social pain
272(6)
13 Chronic mental health conditions
278(29)
The nature and impact of CMHC
278(5)
Current approaches to CMHC
283(10)
Environmental risk factors
283(1)
Genetic and biomedical approaches
283(4)
Cognitive behavioural therapy
287(1)
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
288(1)
Family environment and family-focused therapy
289(1)
Community approaches to mental health
290(3)
The social identity approach to CMHC
293(14)
Social identity protects against development of psychosis
294(3)
Social identity is a basis for recovery from CMHC
297(5)
Social identification is a basis to manage mental health stigma
302(5)
14 Chronic physical health conditions
307(25)
Current approaches to understanding and managing CPHC
309(10)
The biomedical approach
309(3)
The health promotion approach
312(3)
Psychological approaches
315(2)
Critical perspectives on health and disability
317(2)
The social identity approach to CPHC
319(13)
Social identities affect the way people experience, appraise, and express symptoms
319(2)
The provision of effective health care services is affected by social identity processes
321(3)
Social identities can motivate both healthy behaviours and health risk behaviours
324(2)
Social identities provide people with resources to manage threats to physical health
326(6)
15 Unlocking the social cure: Groups 4 Health
332(14)
Current strategies to manage social disconnection
332(2)
The social identity approach to managing social disconnection
334(12)
Origins and theoretical underpinnings of Groups 4 Health
334(2)
The Groups 4 Health programme
336(3)
Proof-of-concept evaluation
339(7)
Appendix: Measures of identity, health, and well-being
346(34)
Social identity measures
346(12)
Social identification
346(2)
Multiple identities
348(1)
Multiple identity compatibility
349(1)
Multiple group listing
350(1)
Social identity continuity
351(1)
Social identity mapping
352(1)
Stage 1 identifying your groups
353(1)
Stage 2 thinking about your groups
353(1)
Stage 3 mapping your groups in relation to each other
354(3)
Crowd identification
357(1)
Personal identity strength
358(1)
Process measures
358(6)
Group norms
358(1)
Social support
359(2)
Unsupportive interactions
361(1)
Perceived discrimination
362(1)
Self-stigma
362(1)
Disclosure and concealment
363(1)
Perceived personal control
364(1)
Health and well-being measures
364(16)
Burnout (chronic stress)
364(2)
Posttraumatic stress
366(1)
Depression, anxiety, and stress
367(2)
Resilience
369(1)
Affect
370(1)
Dieting intentions
371(1)
Paranoia
372(1)
Loneliness
373(2)
Personal self-esteem
375(1)
Life satisfaction
376(1)
General health
377(3)
References 380(67)
Author Index 447(33)
Subject Index 480(9)
Hypotheses associated with the social identity approach to health 489
Catherine Haslam (PhD, Australian National University) is Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Queensland. Her research focuses on the social and cognitive consequences of identity-changing life transitions (e.g., trauma, disease, ageing). She was an Associate Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (as part of its Social Interactions, Identity and Well-being Program), is an Associate Editor of the British Journal of Psychology and on the Editorial Board of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation.

Jolanda Jetten (PhD, University of Amsterdam) is a Professor of Social Psychology and former Australian Research Council Future Fellow at the University of Queensland. Her research focuses on social identity, group processes, and intergroup relations. She has published over 150 peer-reviewed articles on these topics, and previously co-edited The Social Cure: Identity, Health and Well-Being (Psychology Press, 2012; with Catherine Haslam and Alex Haslam). She is a former Chief Editor of the British Journal of Social Psychology and currently Chief Editor of Social Issues and Policy Review.

Tegan Cruwys (PhD, Australian National University) is a Lecturer in the School of Psychology at the University of Queensland, a practicing clinical psychologist, and a recipient of the Australian Research Councils Discovery Early Career Research Award. Her research investigates the social-psychological determinants of health, with a particular focus on health behaviours, mental health, and vulnerable populations.

Genevieve Dingle (PhD, University of Queensland) is a Senior Lecturer in Clinical Psychology in the School of Psychology at the University of Queensland. Her research focuses on social factors in addiction, depression, and chronic mental health problems; people experiencing homelessness; and the recovery process. She is on the Editorial Board of the British Journal of Clinical Psychology.

S. Alexander Haslam (PhD, Macquarie University) is a Professor of Social and Organisational Psychology and Australian Research Council Laureate Fellow at the University of Queensland. He is a former Chief Editor of the European Journal of Social Psychology whose research focuses on the study of group and identity processes in social, organisational, and clinical contexts. Together with colleagues he has written and edited 11 books and over 200 peer-reviewed articles on these topics, including most recently, The New Psychology of Leadership: Identity, Influence and Power (Psychology Press, 2011, with Steve Reicher and Michael Platow).