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E-grāmata: Next Stop Mars: The Why, How, and When of Human Missions

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Space Exploration
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Dec-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319443119
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Next Stop Mars: The Why, How, and When of Human MissionsPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Space Exploration
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Dec-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319443119
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This book covers the possible manned mission to Mars first discussed in the 1950s and still a topic of much debate, addressing historic and future plans to visit the Red Planet. Considering the environmental dangers and the engineering and design needed for a successful trip, it covers every aspect of a possible mission and outpost. The chapters explain the motivations behind the plan to go to Mars, as well as the physical factors that astronauts on manned missions will face on Mars and in transit. The author provides a comprehensive exposure to the infrastructure needs on Mars itself, covering an array of facilities including power sources, as well as addressing earth-based communication networks that will be necessary. Mechanisms for return to Earth are also addressed. As the reality of a manned Mars voyage becomes more concrete, the details are still largely up in the air. This book presents an overview of proposed approaches past, present, and future, both from NASA and, incr

easingly, from other space agencies and private companies. It clearly displays the challenges and the ingenious solutions involved in reaching Mars with human explorers.

Preface.- 1: Half a century of projects.- 2: Reasons for human Mars Exploration.- 3: Mars and its satellites.- 4: Space environment and radiations.- 5: Human aspects.- 6: Interplanetary journey to Mars.- 7: Mission design.- 8: The outpost on Mars.- 9: Mobility on Mars.- 10: The ground segment.- 11: Timeframe and roadmap.- 12: A look to a more distant future.- 13: Example missions.- 14: Conclusions.- References.- Appendices.

Recenzijas

This book offers readers an extensive, clear discussion of the issues involved in establishing a human base on Mars. The text is generously illustrated with photographs, illustrations, and tables. Four appendixes furnish readers with additional technical information, including guidance on calculating planetary positions, impulsive and low thrust trajectories, and information on locomotion on Mars. This text manages to be both an invaluable technical reference and an inspiring introduction to the field. (T. Barker, Choice, Vol. 56 (1), September, 2018)









Next Stop Mars is one of the best books of its type I have seen, in discussing problems, opportunities, and alternatives for the first human Mars mission. (Richard Mckim, The Observatory, Vol. 138 (1262), February, 2018)







A comprehensive book that ranges from the historical technical projects of the superpowers, to a detailed illustration of Martian astronomy, including and explainingthe many possible trajectories to reach our neighbour in the Solar System, the ideas for a reliable locomotion on the planet, and many other technical aspects, with a clear and understandable language. (Gabriella Bernardi, Astrocom et al., astrocometal.blogspot.de, February, 2016)

Foreword x
Acknowledgements xii
Author's preface xiii
Acronyms xvii
1 Half a century of projects
1(37)
1.1 The nineteenth century Mars
1(2)
1.2 The disappointment of the probes
3(4)
1.3 The early projects (1947--1972)
7(11)
1.4 The post-Apollo era (1982--1990)
18(6)
1.5 The last 25 years (1990--2015)
24(9)
1.6 Internationalization of space exploration
33(2)
1.7 Emerging private initiatives and new players
35(3)
2 Reasons for human Mars exploration
38(15)
2.1 A rationale for human exploration beyond LEO
38(2)
2.2 Why go to Mars?
40(6)
2.3 The timeframe
46(1)
2.4 Risks
47(1)
2.5 Affordability
48(5)
3 Mars and its satellites
53(30)
3.1 Astronomical characteristics
53(4)
3.2 Mars' surface
57(7)
3.3 Atmosphere
64(1)
3.4 Dust
65(2)
3.5 Water and Ice
67(4)
3.6 Geological history
71(2)
3.7 Possibile presence of life
73(3)
3.8 Choice of the landing site
76(2)
3.9 Contamination
78(2)
3.10 Mars' satellites
80(3)
4 Space environment and radiations
83(18)
4.1 The LEO environment
84(2)
4.2 Interplanetary space
86(3)
4.3 Physiological issues due to radiation
89(4)
4.4 Countermeasures against radiation
93(8)
5 Human aspects
101(18)
5.1 Direct exposure to the space environment
103(1)
5.2 Low gravity
104(9)
5.3 Cognitive issues
113(2)
5.4 Psychological and cultural issues
115(4)
6 Interplanetary journey to Mars
119(34)
6.1 Traveling from Earth to Mars
119(2)
6.2 Launch to LEO
121(8)
6.3 Impulsive interplanetary trajectories
129(8)
6.4 Mars orbit insertion
137(4)
6.5 Low thrust interplanetary trajectories
141(8)
6.6 Descent vehicles and EDL strategies
149(4)
7 Mission design
153(32)
7.1 Main design options
153(1)
7.2 Duration of stay
154(9)
7.3 Number of missions and landing sites
163(1)
7.4 Crew size
164(1)
7.5 Interplanetary propulsion systems
165(13)
7.6 Interplanetary journey back to Earth
178(2)
7.7 ISRU options
180(2)
7.8 Spacecraft architecture
182(1)
7.9 Overall redundancy and multiple missions strategy
183(2)
8 The outpost on Mars
185(33)
8.1 The habitat
185(11)
8.2 Life support system
196(4)
8.3 Health
200(2)
8.4 Equipment
202(1)
8.5 Power system
203(3)
8.6 In situ resources utilization (ISRU) plant
206(2)
8.7 Workshops, greenhouses and auxiliary equipment
208(3)
8.8 Space suits
211(3)
8.9 Planetary protection
214(4)
9 Mobility on Mars
218(21)
9.1 General considerations
218(1)
9.2 Rovers
219(14)
9.3 Balloons and airships
233(2)
9.4 Aircraft
235(1)
9.5 Helicopters and multicopters
236(1)
9.6 Hoppers
237(2)
10 The ground segment
239(14)
10.1 Launch assets
239(1)
10.2 Communication centers
240(2)
10.3 Mission control and astronaut training centers
242(4)
10.4 Testing key Mars mission hardware
246(4)
10.5 Simulations
250(3)
11 Timeframe and roadmap
253(14)
11.1 Preparatory missions and roadmap
253(5)
11.2 The role of the Moon on the way to Mars
258(5)
11.3 Human Mars Mission Feasibility Index
263(4)
12 A look to a more distant future
267(15)
12.1 Technological advances
267(2)
12.2 Economical feasibility
269(1)
12.3 The space elevator
270(3)
12.4 Possible breakthrough technologies
273(1)
12.5 Terraforming Mars?
274(8)
13 Example missions
282(26)
13.1 Minimal chemical mission
282(1)
13.2 Larger chemical mission
283(4)
13.3 NTP mission
287(3)
13.4 NEP mission
290(4)
13.5 SEP mission
294(8)
13.6 Very advanced NEP mission
302(3)
13.7 Extremely fast NEP passenger ship
305(2)
13.8 Overall comparison
307(1)
14 Conclusions
308(4)
A Positions of the planets
312(8)
A.1 First Approximation (Circular Orbits)
312(3)
A.2 Second Approximation (Elliptical Orbits)
315(1)
A.3 Third Approximation (Simplified Ephemeris)
316(4)
B Impulsive trajectories
320(31)
B.1 Launch From A Planetary Surface
320(1)
B.2 Interplanetary trajectories between circular Coplanar planetary orbits
321(11)
B.3 Elliptical Non-Coplanar Planetary Orbits
332(1)
B.4 Trajectories with Gravity Assist
333(3)
B.5 Free Return Trajectories
336(1)
B.6 Planning the Whole Mission
336(5)
B.7 Propellant Consumption and IMLEO
341(10)
C Low thrust trajectories
351(38)
C.1 Introduction
351(2)
C.2 Constant Ejection Velocity
353(2)
C.3 Variable Ejection Velocity
355(11)
C.4 Leaving LEO
366(2)
C.5 Entering Mars Orbit
368(1)
C.6 Interplanetary Cruise
368(11)
C.7 Whole Interplanetary Journey
379(2)
C.8 Optimization of the Spacecraft
381(3)
C.9 Actual Case: Finite Specific Impulse
384(3)
C.10 IMLEO
387(2)
D Locomotion on Mars
389(16)
D.1 Mobility on Wheels
389(5)
D.2 Mars' Atmosphere
394(2)
D.3 Fluidostatic Support
396(1)
D.4 Fluid-Dynamics Support
397(8)
References 405(2)
About the author 407(1)
Index 408
Giancarlo Genta has been full Professor of Construction of Machines since 1987 and taught courses on Astronautic Propulsion, Construction of aircraft engines and motor vehicle technology. Since 1997 he has been Professor of Applied Stress Analysis II at the Master of Science courses of the University of Michigan which are held at the Politecnico di Torino.





His research activity has been focused on those subjects of Applied Mechanics more linked with the construction of machines, and particularly on static and dynamic structural analysis, dynamics of rotating machinery and of controlled systems, magnetic bearings. He is one of the founders of the Interdepartimental Mechatronics Laboratory of Politecnico di Torino, in which he works in the development of magnetic bearings and walking robots and components for spacecraft. Since 2012 he has chaired of study group SG 3.16 of the International Academy of Astronautics addressing a possible Mars missions exploration, goals, requirements and technologies.





Giancarlo Genta is author of 24 books, 90 papers, published in Italian, American and English Journals and 263 papers presented to symposia. Two of the books are text books of Motor Vehicle Mechanics, Mechanics of Vibration and Mechanics of Space Robots (published in Italian and English), used in Italian and American Universities. Giancarlo Genta has previously co-authored a well received popular science book on space exploration with Michael Rycroft, published by Cambridge University Press. It received very good reviews, including a very favourable one from A.C. Clarke (see his website www.giancarlogenta.it) and a popular science book on the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. He has also written two science fiction novels published in the Science and Fiction series by Springer.
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