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E-grāmata: Nigerian Healthcare System: Pathway to Universal and High-Quality Health Care

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  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Jan-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030888633
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Jan-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030888633

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The modern-day practice of health care was imported into Nigeria over 500 years ago. In 1947, the first national health plan was developed in Nigeria with the primary goal of providing universal health care (UHC), but this goal remains elusive to date. This comprehensive book presents the roadmap needed to attain UHC in Nigeria and offers a blueprint for achieving high-quality health care in the nation.

Starting with a brief overview of the Nigerian state, the fundamentals of health care, including the challenges to affordable quality healthcare delivery, the author critically examines the healthcare system in Nigeria and offers specific recommendations to invigorate the system and improve interprofessional collaborations. Each chapter includes case studies to allow readers to contextualize the information presented and behavioral learning objectives to test readers' knowledge. Among the topics covered:
  • The Organizational Structure and Leadership of the Nigerian Healthcare System
  • The Vulnerabilities of the Nigerian Healthcare System
  • The Spectrum of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
  • Emerging Developments in Traditional Medicine Practice in Nigeria 
  • The Plight of Persons Living with Disabilities: The Visible Invisibles in Nigeria
  • A Comparative Analysis of the Health System of Nigeria and Six Selected Nations Around the World
  • A Qualitative Investigation of the Barriers to the Delivery of High-Quality Healthcare Services in Nigeria
  • The Political and Economic Reforms Needed to Achieve Universal and High-Quality Health Care in Nigeria
  • Reimagining the Nigerian Healthcare System to Achieve Universal and High-Quality Health Care by 2030
The Nigerian Healthcare System: Pathway to Universal and High-Quality Health Care is ideal for adoption as a textbook in health services administration, health policy and management, health informatics, healthcare delivery systems, and primary health care courses offered at universities in Nigeria. It also would appeal to students and faculty in African diaspora programs internationally. The book is also essential for policymakers, health systems technocrats, researchers, and professionals in various health disciplines, including medicine, nursing, and allied health.
1 Introduction
1(14)
Overview of the Nigerian State
1(6)
Geography and Politics
1(2)
Ethnicity
3(1)
Religion
4(1)
Economy
4(1)
Income Inequity
5(1)
Health System
6(1)
Overview of the
Chapters
7(3)
Competition and Conclusion
10(1)
References
11(4)
2 The Fundamentals of Health Care
15(32)
Introduction
16(1)
What Is Health?
16(2)
Determinants of Health
18(1)
Health Equity
19(1)
Health Disparities and Health Inequalities
19(3)
Health in All Policies
22(1)
Is Health a "Consumption Good" or an "Investment Good"?
23(2)
Relationship Between Health and Development
25(1)
United Nations Development Goals
25(2)
Global Access to Health Care
27(1)
Burden of Disease
28(1)
Life Expectancy
29(1)
Hand Hygiene in Healthcare Settings
30(2)
The Global Burden of Healthcare-Associated Infections
32(1)
Measuring Healthcare Outcomes
33(2)
Assessment of Quality of Health Care
35(1)
Framework for Monitoring Performance of Health Systems
36(2)
Recent Advances and Innovations in Health Care
38(2)
Healthcare Financing Models
40(2)
Conclusion
42(1)
References
43(4)
3 The Evolutionary Developments, Threats and Opportunities Within the Nigerian Healthcare System
47(40)
Introduction
47(1)
Critical Milestones in the Development of Western-Style Healthcare System (1472-2019)
48(8)
The Current State of the Nigerian Health System (2019-2021)
56(5)
Health Outcome Indicators
61(1)
The National Health Insurance Scheme Debacle
62(5)
Present and Future Threats to the Health System
67(7)
Opportunities Within the Health System
74(1)
Performance of Health System in African Countries
75(4)
Conclusion
79(1)
References
80(7)
4 The Organizational Structure and Leadership of the Nigerian Healthcare System
87(30)
Introduction
87(1)
Operational Definitions
88(1)
Organization Structure of the Federal Ministry of Health
89(4)
Healthcare System Structure
93(3)
Impact of the Private Sector in Health Service Delivery
96(3)
Conventional Medicine Private Health Care
96(2)
Traditional Medicine Private Health Care
98(1)
Management and Leadership of the Health Departments
99(1)
Leadership of the Federal Ministry of Health
100(10)
The Functions of the Health Minister and Skills Needed to Be Successful
110(1)
The Controversy Over the Surgeon General Position
110(2)
Conclusion
112(1)
References
113(4)
5 The Vulnerabilities of the Nigerian Healthcare System
117(36)
Introduction
117(1)
Methodology
118(1)
Health System Vulnerabilities
119(16)
Vulnerability #1: Poor Governance and Ineffective Leadership
119(1)
Vulnerability #2: Low-Quality Health Service Delivery
120(4)
Vulnerability #3: Shortage of Healthcare Workforce
124(3)
Vulnerability #4: Paltry Health Systems Financing
127(3)
Vulnerability #5: Limited Access to Essential Medicines and Vaccines
130(3)
Vulnerability #6: Weak Health Information Systems
133(2)
Major Achievements and Contributions of Nigeria to Global Health
135(1)
Genesis of Primary Health Care and Itinerant/Community-Based Physiotherapy Systems
136(1)
Community Health Workers
137(2)
Medical and Surgical Discoveries
139(2)
How Nigeria Effectively Contained the Spread of Ebola
141(2)
Recent Improvements in Health Outcomes
143(1)
Conclusion
143(1)
References
144(9)
6 The Spectrum of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
153(60)
Introduction
153(1)
Classification of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Systems
154(3)
Distinction Between Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Integrative Medicine
157(1)
Differences in Treatment Philosophy Between Mainstream Medicine (Standard Care) and Complementary and Alternative Medicine
157(36)
Complementary Medical Systems
158(11)
Alternative Medical Systems
169(24)
Global Demand for the Use of CAM
193(2)
CAM Utilization in the United States
195(2)
Conclusion
197(1)
Appendix
198(6)
References
204(9)
7 Complementary and Alternative Medical Practice in Nigeria
213(22)
Introduction
213(1)
The Evolution of Complementary and Alternative Medical Systems in Nigeria
214(3)
Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments in Nigeria
217(3)
Acupuncture
220(1)
Chiropractic
221(1)
Osteopathy
221(1)
Traditional Chinese Medicine
222(1)
Ayurveda
223(1)
Naturopathy
223(1)
Homeopathy
223(1)
Aromatherapy
224(1)
Spirituality
224(2)
Herbal Medicine
226(2)
Conclusion
228(2)
References
230(5)
8 Emerging Developments in Traditional Medicine Practice in Nigeria
235(42)
Introduction
235(2)
Genesis of Traditional Medicine
237(1)
The World Health Organization's Role in Promoting Traditional Medicine
238(2)
Common Medicinal Plants in Nigeria
240(9)
Therapeutic Values of Wild Animal Species
249(2)
Major Milestones in the Development of Traditional Medicine in Nigeria
251(5)
Nigerian Traditional Medicine Policy
251(2)
National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control
253(1)
Nigerian Herbal Pharmacopoeia
254(1)
Regulation and Practice of Traditional Medicine in Nigeria
254(2)
Traditional Medicine Occupations in Nigeria
256(4)
Indications for Traditional Medicine
260(1)
Traditional Medicine Treatment Philosophies
261(1)
Treatment Approach Utilized by Traditional Medical Practitioners in Nigeria
261(1)
Challenges in the Development of Traditional Medicine in Nigeria
262(1)
Emerging Training and Practice Trends and the Future of Traditional Medicine in Nigeria
263(1)
Breakthroughs in Pharmaceutical Products Development
264(2)
Efficacy of African Traditional Medicine
266(2)
Safety of African Traditional Medicine
268(2)
Conclusion
270(1)
References
270(7)
9 The Plight of Persons Living with Disabilities: The Visible Invisibles in Nigeria
277(22)
Introduction
277(1)
Types of Disabilities
278(1)
Classification and Consequences of Disease
279(2)
Causes of Disabilities
281(1)
Dimensions and Scope of Disability
281(3)
The Burden of Disability in Nigeria
284(1)
Challenges of Living with Disabilities in Nigeria
284(2)
Global Effort to Enhance the Quality of Life of People Living with Disabilities
286(2)
The Rights of People Living with Disabilities and Relevant Protection Laws
288(1)
Recommendations to Improve the Quality of Life of People Living with Disabilities
289(1)
National Disability Strategy and Action Plan
289(1)
Address Stigma Against PLWDs
289(1)
Address the Barriers in Buildings
290(1)
Address the Barriers of Roads
290(3)
National Policy on Educating Children with Disability
291(1)
Independent Living, Healthcare Access, and Vocational Training
291(1)
Health System Reforms
292(1)
Training of Healthcare Professionals
292(1)
Overcoming Barriers and Provision of Accommodation for Adult Students with Learning Disabilities
293(1)
Conclusion
293(2)
References
295(4)
10 A Comparative Analysis of the Health System of Nigeria and Six Selected Nations Around the World
299(46)
Introduction
299(1)
Operational Definitions
300(1)
Health Systems Performance Indicators
301(2)
Workforce Supply
303(1)
United States
304(6)
United Kingdom
310(3)
South Korea
313(2)
Singapore
315(3)
Taiwan
318(3)
Cuba
321(4)
Comparative Analyses
325(12)
Health Outcome Indices
325(4)
Health Insurance Coverage
329(1)
Health Expenditure
330(2)
Philanthropy
332(1)
Cost of Health Service Delivery
333(2)
Manpower Shortage
335(1)
Health Worker Remuneration
336(1)
Conclusion
337(1)
References
338(7)
11 A Qualitative Investigation of the Barriers to the Delivery of High-Quality Healthcare Services in Nigeria
345(16)
Introduction
345(2)
Methodology
347(1)
Results
348(5)
Ineffective Leadership
348(1)
Corruption
349(1)
Migration of Professionals Abroad
350(1)
Inadequate Financing
350(1)
Archaic Infrastructures
351(1)
Adulterated Medications
351(1)
Interprofessional Disputes and Industrial Strikes
352(1)
Discussion
353(3)
Conclusion
356(1)
References
357(4)
12 The Political and Economic Reforms Needed to Achieve Universal and High-Quality Health Care in Nigeria
361(46)
Introduction
362(2)
Developmental Challenges and Budget Priorities
364(1)
Evolution of States in Nigeria
365(4)
Evolution of the Local Government System
369(2)
The Politics of Population Census and Revenue Allocation Formula
371(2)
The State of the Nigerian Nation
373(1)
History of Nigeria's Sudden Wealth and the Aftermath Economic Woes
374(1)
Wasteful Spending and Corruption: Barriers to Universal and High-Quality Health Care
375(6)
Assets of Wealthy Nigerian Presidents
381(1)
Who Is Nigeria's Greatest President?
382(2)
The Political Reforms Needed to Achieve Universal and High-Quality Health Care
384(1)
Authority and Roles of the Federal and State Governments in the New Dispensation
385(2)
Economic Reforms Needed to Achieve Universal and High-Quality Health Care
387(4)
Salaries of the Highest-Paid Heads of Government and Judiciary Around the World
391(1)
Cost Analysis of the Proposed Economic and Political Reforms
392(3)
Lessons from Other Countries
395(1)
Conclusion
396(1)
References
397(10)
13 Reimagining the Nigerian Healthcare System to Achieve Universal and High-Quality Health Care by 2030
407(48)
Introduction
407(3)
The Pathway to Universal Health Care in Nigeria
410(12)
Elect Leaders Committed to Universal Health Care
411(1)
Stifle Corruption
412(3)
Demand for the Implementation of the 2001 Abuja Declaration Pledge, Supplemented by Innovative Financing Schemes
415(4)
Reform the Informal Sector Economy
419(1)
Eradicate Extreme Poverty
420(2)
The Blueprint for High-Quality Health Care in Nigeria
422(22)
Merge the University Teaching Hospitals, Federal Medical Centers, and Specialist Hospitals in All States
423(1)
Train all Health Care Administrators in Conflict Resolution Strategies
424(1)
Invest in Electricity and Clean Water
425(1)
Promote Telehealth and Mobile Health Van for Health Services Delivery
426(1)
Address the High Maternal and Perinatal Death
426(1)
Invest in Resources for People Living with Disabilities
427(1)
Slow Down Population Growth
427(1)
Curtail Industrial Strikes in the Health Sector
428(1)
Enhance Retention and Tracking of Healthcare Professionals
429(1)
Improve Work Conditions
430(5)
Foster Partnership with Nigerian Healthcare Professionals in the Diaspora
435(1)
Promote the Production of Locally Produced Medical Equipment and Pharmaceuticals
436(1)
Invest in Medical Intelligence and Surveillance Systems to Improve Health Information Systems
437(1)
Update the Curricula of Healthcare Education Academic Programs
438(1)
Promote Transformative Research to Address Nigeria's Unresolved Developmental Health Challenges
439(2)
Expand Access to Essential Medicines and Vaccines
441(3)
Conclusion
444(1)
References
445(10)
14 Nigeria's Health System Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lessons from Other Countries
455(28)
Introduction
456(1)
Assessment of Patient Satisfaction with the Healthcare System
457(3)
Global
457(1)
Nigeria
458(2)
Management of COVID-19 Crisis in Nigeria: Evaluation of Physical Resources and Human Capacity
460(1)
Nigeria's Health System Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
461(2)
Healthcare Workers at the Frontline of the COVID-19 Crisis
463(1)
COVID-19 Social Welfare Assistance Program
464(1)
Comparative Analyses
465(1)
COVID-19 Diagnostic Testing Per Capita (1 Million/Population)
465(1)
COVID-19 Cases and Deaths
465(3)
The Top Five Countries that Handled the Coronavirus Crisis the Best
468(2)
The Bottom Five Countries that Handled the Coronavirus Crisis the Worst
470(5)
COVID-19 Vaccine Development and Therapeutics
475(2)
Conclusion
477(1)
References
478(5)
Index 483
Joseph Abiodun Balogun, PT, PhD, FACSM, FNSP, FAS, FIMC, FRSPH, FAcadMedS, is the former Dean and Distinguished Professor in the College of Health Sciences at Chicago State University (CSU), Chicago, Illinois, USA. He is also an Emeritus Professor of Physiotherapy, and Associate Director of Research Development and Innovation at the University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria, and Visiting Professor/Program Consultant at the Centre of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation, University of Benin, Nigeria. He is the founder and President/CEO of Joseph Rehabilitation Center, a social service organization at Tinley Park, Illinois, USA, that provides community-integrated living arrangement services for adults with disabilities. 





Professor Balogun obtained the Bachelor of Science (Honors) degree in Physiotherapy in 1977 from the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. He earned his Master's degree in Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy (1981) and PhD in ExercisePhysiology (Cardiac Rehabilitation) with a Minor in Research Methodology from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania in 1985. He has held full-time and visiting faculty and administrative positions at various universities around the world Russell Sage College, Troy, New York; Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria; University of Florida, Gainesville; Texas Woman's University, Houston; State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn (SUNY-HSCB); Barry University, Florida; and King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. He served for 13 years (1999 - 2013) at CSU as Dean of the College of Health Sciences. He established seven academic programs and the HIV/AIDS Research and Policy Institute to address the disproportionate incidence and complex burdens of HIV/AIDS in minority populations. He also served for six years as Chairman of the Physical Therapy Program (19931999) and Associate Dean for Student Academic Affairs (19941999) at SUNY-HSCB; Consultant Physiotherapist (19881991) and Vice-Dean in the Faculty of Health Sciences at OAU (19901991).





Professor Balogun has contributed to Physical Therapy, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Ergonomics, and HIV Behavioral Research. He has authored six books, 18 book chapters, monographs, technical compendia, 170 full articles, and 24 peer-reviewed conference abstracts and proceedings. In 2015, he delivered Christopher Ajao's keynote speech at the 55th Annual Conference of the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy. In 2017, he presented the second Distinguished University Guest Lecture at the University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Nigeria, and in 2021 delivered the keynote speech at the inaugural conference of the International Association of Nigerian Physical Therapists. 





Professor Balogun is the Deputy Editor of the African Journal of Reproductive Health and serves on the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, Journal of the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy, Kanem Journal of Medical Sciences, and International University of Sarajevo (IUS) Law Journal. He also serves as a Consultant and Advisory Board Member at the Women's Health and Action Research Centre (WHARC), Benin City, Nigeria. He has received over a dozen major service awards. In 2003, he received the J. Warren Perry Distinguished Author's Award by the Journal of Allied Health and was conferred in 2018 with the Distinguished Decorated Affiliate of the American Health Council. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Medicine Specialties (FAcadMedS), Royal Society for Public Health (FRSPH), Institute of Management Consultants (FIMC), Academy of Science (FAS), Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy (FNSP), and the American College of Sports Medicine (FACSM). Professor Balogun's most recent book includes Healthcare Education in Nigeria: Evolutions and Emerging Paradigms (Routledge, 2020), Healthcare Professions in Nigeria: An Interdisciplinary Analysis (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021) and Contemporary Obstetrics and Gynecology for Developing Countries (Springer Nature, 2021).