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11 | (8) |
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17 | (2) |
Acknowledgements |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (6) |
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2 Nonfinite supplements defined |
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27 | (68) |
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2.1 Terminological issues |
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27 | (9) |
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2.2 Characterisation of ing- and ed-supplements |
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36 | (46) |
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2.2.1 Formal and syntactic features |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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2.2.1.2 Elements introducing supplements |
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38 | (1) |
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2.2.1.2.1 Merging gerundial and participial constructions |
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38 | (4) |
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2.2.1.2.2 Connectors and their semantic implications |
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42 | (1) |
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2.2.1.3 Position within the matrix clause |
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43 | (4) |
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47 | (1) |
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2.2.2.1 Control relations |
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48 | (7) |
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2.2.2.2 Adverbial meaning and semantic variability |
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55 | (1) |
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2.2.2.2.1 Factors influencing the adverbial interpretation of supplements |
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56 | (5) |
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2.2.2.2.2 Classification of adverbial meanings |
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61 | (4) |
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2.2.3 Extra-clausal status |
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65 | (17) |
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2.3 Subjectless nonfinite supplements and related constructions |
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82 | (11) |
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93 | (2) |
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3 Methodology: corpus linguistics and data |
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95 | (70) |
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95 | (3) |
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3.2 The data: corpora and data retrieval |
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98 | (29) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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3.2.2.1 Searching the PPCMBE |
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100 | (4) |
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3.2.2.2 Searching the ICE-GB |
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104 | (9) |
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3.2.2.3 Methodological limitations |
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113 | (1) |
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3.2.2.3.1 Conventions in the PPCMBE |
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114 | (1) |
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(i) Adjectives vs verbal ed-forms |
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115 | (2) |
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(ii) The argument-adjunct distinction |
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117 | (1) |
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(iii) Reduced relative clauses and supplements |
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118 | (3) |
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3.2.2.3.2 Conventions in the ICE-GB |
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121 | (6) |
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3.3 Database and variables |
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127 | (35) |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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(i) Kortmann's classification of nonfinite forms |
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131 | (1) |
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(ii) Nonfinite forms in the database |
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132 | (1) |
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3.3.3.1.2 General classification: ing- vs ed-forms |
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132 | (2) |
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3.3.3.2 Elements introducing supplements |
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134 | (1) |
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3.3.3.2.1 Types of connectors |
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134 | (1) |
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3.3.3.2.2 Optionality of connectors |
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134 | (2) |
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3.3.3.3 Position and mobility |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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3.3.4.1 Control relations |
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138 | (1) |
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3.3.4.1.1 Subject-controlled, non-subject-controlled and unrelated supplements |
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139 | (1) |
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(i) Syntactic function and category of the controller |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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3.3.4.1.2 Control relations in Kortmann (1991) |
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141 | (4) |
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3.3.4.2 Adverbial meaning |
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145 | (3) |
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3.3.5 Other structural and textual features |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (2) |
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3.3.5.2 Distribution of supplements across text types |
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150 | (2) |
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3.3.5.2.1 Texts types in the PPCMBE and the ICE-GB |
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152 | (1) |
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3.3.5.2.2 Writing- and speech-related text types |
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152 | (5) |
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3.3.5.2.3 Revisiting the textual distribution of supplements |
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157 | (5) |
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162 | (3) |
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4 Supplements in Late Modern English |
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165 | (94) |
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165 | (24) |
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4.1.1 Nonfinite head elements |
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166 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Elements introducing supplements |
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168 | (11) |
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4.1.3 Position within the matrix clause |
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179 | (10) |
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189 | (61) |
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189 | (1) |
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4.2.1.1 Revisiting control relations |
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189 | (14) |
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4.2.1.2 Kortmann's (1991) classification of control relations |
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203 | (15) |
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218 | (1) |
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4.2.2.1 A general overview of adverbial meanings |
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218 | (9) |
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4.2.2.2 Meaning and head elements |
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227 | (2) |
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4.2.2.3 Meaning and position |
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229 | (7) |
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4.2.2.4 Meaning and augmentation |
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236 | (12) |
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4.2.2.5 Final remarks and summary |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (5) |
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4.4 Summary and conclusion |
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255 | (4) |
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5 Supplements in Present-day English: a diachronic analysis from Late Modern English to the present |
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259 | (68) |
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5.1 Supplements in Present-day English |
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259 | (58) |
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260 | (1) |
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5.1.1.1 Nonfinite head elements |
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260 | (2) |
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5.1.1.2 Elements introducing supplements |
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262 | (11) |
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5.1.1.3 Position within the matrix clause |
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273 | (7) |
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280 | (1) |
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5.1.2.1 Control relations |
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280 | (1) |
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5.1.2.1.1 Revisiting control relations |
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281 | (9) |
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5.1.2.1.2 Kortmann's (1991) classification of control relations |
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290 | (6) |
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5.1.2.2 Adverbial meaning |
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296 | (1) |
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5.1.2.2.1 A general overview of adverbial meanings |
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296 | (4) |
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5.1.2.2.2 Meaning and head elements |
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300 | (2) |
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5.1.2.2.3 Meaning and position |
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302 | (4) |
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5.1.2.2.4 Meaning and augmentation |
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306 | (5) |
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5.1.2.2.5 Final remarks and summary |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (5) |
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5.2 Towards a constructional treatment of nonfinite peripheral clauses |
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317 | (6) |
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5.3 Summary and conclusion |
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323 | (4) |
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6 Summary, conclusions and further research |
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327 | (26) |
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327 | (23) |
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6.2 Avenues for further research |
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350 | (3) |
References |
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353 | |