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Numbers [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 262 pages, height x width x depth: 228x152x20 mm, weight: 609 g, Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Jul-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Facts On File Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0816079404
  • ISBN-13: 9780816079407
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  • Cena: 49,51 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 262 pages, height x width x depth: 228x152x20 mm, weight: 609 g, Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Jul-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Facts On File Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0816079404
  • ISBN-13: 9780816079407
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Progress has often been slow when it comes to understanding numbers. Numbers provide a rich source of exotic ideas, philosophical and mathematical, but because many of us are so invested in the familiar, we have often resisted ideas about numbers that are new and unfamiliar.

Numbers, Revised Edition deals with numbers from the point of view of computation, beginning with the earliest number concepts from ancient Mesopotamian, Chinese, and Mayan mathematicians. It describes the origin and diffusion of Arabic numerals, and it concludes with a discussion of the way that the number system is represented within computers. A new section describes some of the IEEE standards for floating point arithmetic, and a more detailed discussion of the work of Gödel and Turing has been added to this edition. Irrational numbers and the idea of infinity are also examined in this in-depth guide.

Preface x
Acknowledgments xvi
Introduction xvii
Part One Numbers for Computation
1(66)
1 The First Problems
3(7)
2 Early Counting Systems
10(23)
A Mesopotamian Education
12(1)
The Mesopotamian Number System
12(5)
Mesopotamian Mathematics Homework
17(2)
The Egyptian Number System
19(1)
A Problem from the Ahmes Papyrus
20(4)
The Mayan Number System
24(4)
The Chinese Number System
28(3)
A Problem from the Nine
Chapters
31(2)
3 Our Place Value Number System
33(11)
Explaining the New System
37(7)
4 Analytical Engines
44(23)
Calculators, Computers, and the Human Imagination
46(2)
Charles Babbage and the Analytical Engine
48(3)
An Early Electronic Representation of Our Number System
51(3)
Floating-Point Representation
54(2)
Floating-Point Arithmetic and Your Calculator
56(3)
More about Computers and Numbers
59(8)
Part Two Extending the Idea of Number
67(52)
5 An Evolving Concept of Number
69(11)
Irrational Numbers
72(2)
Pythagoras of Samos
74(2)
The Irrationality of √2
76(4)
6 Negative Numbers
80(7)
Ancient Mathematical Texts from the Indian Subcontinent
84(1)
Out of India
85(2)
7 Algebraic Numbers
87(21)
Tartaglia, Ferrari, and Cardano
89(5)
Girard and Wallis
94(4)
Euler and d'Alembert
98(2)
The Debate over "Fictitious" Numbers
100(4)
Complex Numbers: A Modern View
104(1)
Using Complex Numbers
105(3)
8 Transcendental Numbers and the Search for Meaning
108(11)
Dedekind and the Real Number Line
113(6)
Part Three The Problem of Infinity
119(67)
9 Early Insights
121(10)
10 Galileo and Bolzano
131(13)
Infinity as a Number
136(6)
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
142(2)
11 Georg Cantor and the Logic of the Infinite
144(21)
There Are No More Rational Numbers Than Natural Numbers
147(3)
There Are More Real Numbers Than Natural Numbers
150(5)
The Russell Paradox
155(5)
Resolving the Russell Paradox
160(5)
12 Cantor's Legacy
165(21)
The Peano Axioms
170(1)
Kurt Godel and the Axiomatic Method
171(4)
Alan Turing and His Machine
175(3)
Formal Languages Today
178(1)
A New Type of Number
179(7)
Conclusion 186(2)
Afterword: The Nature of Mathematics---an Interview with Professor Karlis Podnieks 188(10)
Chronology 198(17)
Glossary 215(4)
Further Resources 219(9)
Index 228
John Tabak, Ph.D., performed graduate work at Suny at Stony Brook and received a degree in mathematics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He is the author of A Look at Earth and A Look at Neptune, two astronomy titles for middle school readers. He is presently writing a history of American sign language.