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E-grāmata: Nursing Approach to the Evaluation of Child Maltreatment 2e

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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 30-Jan-2015
  • Izdevniecība: GW Medical
  • ISBN-13: 9781936590377
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Nurses, physicians, lawyers, and other specialists from the US contribute 20 chapters outlining a nursing approach to the evaluation of child maltreatment. They discuss the problem of child abuse and neglect; presentation and evaluation; the history and health care interview; physical examination for physical and sexual abuse; laboratory findings, diagnostic testing, and forensic specimens in cases of sexual abuse; sexually transmitted infection in the context of maltreatment; differential diagnosis; clinical aspects; documentation; mental health aspects; sexual abuse of adolescents; Munchausen syndrome by proxy; Child Protective Services; legal issues; the relationship between intimate partner violence and child maltreatment; risks to children in the digital age and with social networking; prevention of child maltreatment; human trafficking; substance dependence and child maltreatment; and forensic nursing. Annotation ©2016 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Nursing Approach to the Evaluation of Child Maltreatment provides the information nurses need to identify, interpret, and report the signs of child maltreatment. The areas of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect are extensively addressed, and each chapter is structured to give a general overview of the topic area, followed by a detailed treatment plan relevant to the specific type of abuse. Each chapter includes easy-to-use checklists, examination hints, and flow charts for easy access to important information.
Edited by a nurse and a pediatrician, with contributions from experts in the various fields of child maltreatment, this handy reference is a must-have for every nurse and nurse practitioner who may be confronted with possible child abuse. It clearly illustrates abusive and nonabusive injuries, and it identifies the most common types of child abuse, including uncommon but possible causes. Additional topics include interviews, forensic evaluations, physical exams, STDs, documentation, domestic violence, and prevention.
Chapter 1 The Problem Of Child Abuse And Neglect 1(18)
Key Points
1(1)
Introduction
2(1)
Defining the Problem
2(3)
Categories of Maltreatment
2(2)
Physical Abuse
3(1)
Sexual Abuse
3(1)
Emotional and Psychological Abuse
3(1)
Child Neglect
3(1)
Financial Abuse
4(1)
Children's Exposure to Violence
4(1)
The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act
5(1)
Nursing Organization Position Statements Related to Child Abuse
5(1)
National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners Position Statement on Child Maltreatment
5(1)
American Association of Colleges of Nursing Position Statement on Violence as a Public Health Problem
5(1)
Incidence
5(4)
Fatalities
7(1)
Children with Disabilities
7(2)
Costs of Maltreatment
9(1)
The Impact of Physical Abuse and Neglect
9(1)
Conceptual Frameworks
10(4)
The Epidemiological Framework
10(1)
The Ecological Framework
10(1)
Longitudinal Progression Model for Child Sexual Abuse
11(1)
Engagement
11(1)
Sexual Interaction Phase
11(1)
Secrecy Phase
11(1)
Disclosure Phase
11(1)
Retraction Phase
12(1)
Traumagenic Dynamics Model for Child Sexual Abuse
12(2)
Traumatic Sexualization
13(1)
Betrayal
13(1)
Powerlessness
13(1)
Stigmatization
13(1)
The Role of the Nurse in Child Abuse and Neglect
14(1)
Mandated Reporting
14(1)
Managing Child Maltreatment
14(1)
Research and Evidence-Based Practice on Child Abuse and Neglect
15(1)
Conclusion
16(1)
References
16(3)
Chapter 2 Presentation And Overview Of The Evaluation Of Child Maltreatment 19(26)
Key Points
19(1)
Introduction
20(1)
Presentation and Evaluation
21(19)
Physical abuse
21(10)
Differentiating Between Accidental and Inflicted Injuries
23(10)
Bruises
23(2)
Cultural Considerations in Suspected Abuse
25(1)
Burns
26(3)
Fractures
29(1)
Central Nervous System Injury
30(1)
Child Fatality
31(2)
Sexual Abuse
33(5)
Nonspecific Behavioral Complaints
35(1)
Nonspecific Genital Complaints
35(3)
Neglect
38(11)
Provisional Neglect
39(1)
Developmental Neglect
39(1)
Supervisional Neglect
40(1)
Conclusion
40(1)
References
41(4)
Chapter 3 History And The Health Care Interview 45(20)
Key Points
45(1)
Introduction
46(1)
Nonurgent and Urgent Cases
47(2)
Guidelines for Interviewing Children When Maltreatment Is Suspected
49(10)
Interviewing Children When Physical Abuse Is Suspected
50(3)
Preparing the Environment
51(1)
Setting the Tone
51(1)
Interview of the Child
52(1)
Interview of the Caregiver(s)
52(1)
Concluding the Interview
53(1)
Interviewing Children When Neglect Is Suspected
53(1)
Interviewing Children When Sexual Abuse Is Suspected
54(5)
Interview of the Caregiver(s)
55(1)
Discussing the Examination
56(1)
Interview of the Child
56(1)
Preparing the Environment
57(1)
Confidentiality
57(1)
Setting the Tone
57(1)
Inquiring about Sexual Abuse
58(1)
Concluding the Interview
58(1)
Development Considerations in Interviewing Children when Maltreatment Is Suspected
59(2)
Preschool-Age Children
59(1)
School-Age Children
60(1)
Adolescents
60(1)
Documentation in Cases of Suspected Maltreatment
61(1)
Conclusion
62(1)
References
62(3)
Chapter 4 The Physical Examination In The Evaluation Of Suspected Child Maltreatment: Physical Abuse And Sexual Abuse Examinations 65(56)
Key Points
65(1)
Introduction
66(1)
Evaluation Versus Investigation
66(1)
Evaluation
66(1)
Investigation
67(1)
The Physical Examination of the Suspected Victim of Child Maltreatment
67(1)
Comprehensive Medical Examination for Suspected Child Abuse
68(1)
General Issues
69(1)
Evaluating Stress and Distress
69(1)
General Appearance
69(1)
Specific Examination Issues Related to Cases of Suspected Physical Abuse
70(24)
Accidental Versus Inflicted Injury
70(1)
Skin Injuries
71(7)
Bruises
71(3)
Physical Examination of Bruises
71(2)
Patterned Injuries
73(1)
Dating of Bruise Injuries
73(1)
Other Related Injuries
74(1)
Burns
74(4)
Pathophysiology
74(2)
History-Taking for the Evaluation of Burns
76(1)
Physical Examination of Burns
76(1)
Characteristics of the Accidental and Inflicted Burn
76(2)
Skeletal Injuries
78(5)
Relevant History
78(3)
Patterns of Fractures in Abuse
81(1)
Radiographic Evaluation
81(2)
Thoracic and Abdominal Injuries
83(6)
Evaluation and Treatment
84(1)
Head Trauma
85(2)
Ophthalmological Findings with Head Trauma
86(1)
Tin Ear Syndrome
87(1)
Physical Examination
87(1)
Radiographic Evaluation of Head Injury
88(1)
Mouth and Teeth
88(1)
Poisoning
89(5)
Physical Examination
90(4)
Laboratory Data
94(1)
Specific Examination Issues Related to Cases of Suspected Sexual Abuse
94(16)
Time Frame for Forensic Examination
94(1)
The Examination Conducted 'Within 72 Hours of Alleged Sexual Assault
94(1)
Examiner Expertise
95(1)
Knowledge of Normal Genital Anatomy and Findings Indicative of Sexual Abuse
96(1)
Stress Associated with Sexual Abuse Evaluations
96(1)
Setting
96(1)
Preparing the Child for the Interview and Physical Examination
97(1)
Use of a Colposcope in the Anogenital Examination
98(1)
Position for Genital Evaluation
99(1)
Anatomy and Terminology Discussed in Child Sexual Abuse
100(1)
Sexual Abuse Physical Examination
101(1)
Genital Examination
101(8)
Evaluation of the Hymen
106(3)
Anal Examination
109(1)
Differential Diagnosis for Child Sexual Abuse
109(1)
Conclusion
110(1)
Appendix 4-1: Genital Evaluation Protocol Script
111(2)
Appendix 4-2: Genital Examination Distress Scale
113(1)
References
114(7)
Chapter 5 Laboratory Findings, Diagnostic Testing, And Forensic Specimens In Cases Of Child Sexual Abuse 121(18)
Key Points
121(1)
Introduction
122(1)
Evidence Collection
122(5)
Evidence Collection Kits
123(2)
Clothing
125(1)
Evidence Present on the Skin
126(1)
Bite Marks
126(1)
Oral, Vaginal, and Anal Specimens
127(2)
Oral Specimens
127(1)
Vaginal Specimens
128(1)
Anal Specimens
129(1)
Blood Specimens
129(1)
Hair Samples
129(1)
Identification of Motile Sperm
129(1)
Forensic Photography
129(2)
Photographing Nongenital Injuries
131(1)
Photographing Genital Injuries
131(1)
Chain of Custody
131(2)
Laboratory Testing of Forensic Evidence
133(2)
Detecting the Presence of Seminal Fluid
133(1)
Blood and Saliva
133(1)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Profiling
134(1)
Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infection: Collecting Samples
134(1)
Conclusion
135(1)
References
135(4)
Chapter 6 Sexually Transmitted Infection In The Setting Of Maltreatment 139(66)
Key Points
139(1)
Introduction
140(12)
When to Test for Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Setting of Suspected Maltreatment
152(3)
Asymptomatic Versus Symptomatic Infections
155(2)
Specific Infections
157(15)
Bacterial Vaginosis
157(3)
General Overview and Epidemiology
157(1)
Clinical Finding
157(1)
Diagnosis
157(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
158(2)
Chlamydia
160(5)
General Overview and Epidemiology
160(1)
Symptoms
161(1)
Prepubertal Children
161(1)
Adolescents
161(1)
Clinical Findings
162(1)
Prepubertal Children
162(1)
Adolescents
162(1)
Diagnosis
162(1)
Prepubertal Children
163(1)
Adolescents
163(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
163(2)
Gonorrhea
165(6)
General Overview and Epidemiology
165(1)
Symptoms and Clinical Findings
166(1)
Prepubertal Children
166(1)
Adolescents
167(1)
Diagnosis
167(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
168(3)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
171(1)
General Overview and Epidemiology
171(1)
Clinical Findings
171(1)
Diagnosis
171(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
172(1)
Human Papillomavirus
172(23)
General Overview and Epidemiology
172(1)
Clinical Findings
173(2)
Prepubertal Children
173(1)
Adolescents
174(1)
Diagnosis
175(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
175(2)
Herpes Simplex Virus
177(4)
General Overview and Epidemiology
177(1)
Clinical Findings
178(1)
Evaluation
178(1)
Diagnosis
179(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
179(2)
Trichomoniasis
181(2)
General Overview and Epidemiology
181(1)
Clinical Findings
181(1)
Prepubertal Children
181(1)
Adolescents
181(1)
Diagnosis
181(1)
Treatment and Management
182(1)
Pediculosis Pubis
183(1)
General Overview and Epidemiology
183(1)
Clinical Findings
183(1)
Diagnosis
183(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
183(1)
Syphilis
184(7)
General Overview and Epidemiology
184(1)
Clinical Findings
184(5)
Diagnosis
189(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
189(2)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
191(3)
General Overview and Epidemiology
191(2)
Clinical Findings
193(1)
Diagnosis
194(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
194(1)
Hepatitis B Virus
194(12)
General Overview and Epidemiology
194(1)
Symptoms and Clinical Findings
194(1)
Diagnosis
195(1)
Treatment and Follow-up
195(1)
Conclusion
195(1)
References
195(10)
Chapter 7 Differential Diagnosis: Conditions That Mimic Child Maltreatment 205(36)
Key Points
205(1)
Introduction
205(1)
Physical Abuse
206(17)
Bruising
206(6)
Actual Bruising
208(3)
Accidental Bruising
208(1)
Folk Remedies
209(1)
Disorders of the Hemopoietic System
209(1)
Vasculitis
210(1)
Pseudo-Bruising
211(1)
Birthmarks
211(1)
Dermatological Conditions
211(1)
Toxins
212(1)
Burns
212(1)
Accidental Burns
212(1)
Scalds
212(1)
Patterned Burns
213(1)
Pseudo-burns
213(1)
Infections
213(1)
Chemical Irritants
213(1)
Fractures
213(4)
Actual Fractures
213(4)
Accidental Injury
215(1)
Birth-Related Fractures
215(1)
Inherited and Metabolic Disorders
216(1)
Pseudo-fractures
217(1)
Infections
217(1)
Head Trauma: Accidental or Inflicted
217(3)
Terminology
218(1)
Concerning Histories for Potential Abusive Head Trauma
218(1)
Common Household Injuries and Serious Head Trauma
218(1)
Imaging Work Up
219(1)
Eye Injuries
220(3)
Retinal Hemorrhages
220(2)
Birth
220(1)
Trauma
220(2)
Infections
222(1)
Hematological Disorders
222(1)
Metabolic Disorders
222(1)
Other Etiologies
222(1)
Subconjunctival Hemorrhages
222(1)
Periorbital Bruising
222(1)
Failure to Thrive and Growth Failure
223(3)
Growth Variations
224(1)
Congenital Anatomical Anomalies
224(1)
Congenital and Chromosomal Disorders
224(1)
Organ System Disorders
225(1)
Cardiovascular System
225(1)
Endocrine System
225(1)
Gastrointestinal System
225(1)
Hematological and Oncological Disorders
225(1)
Immunological System
226(1)
Metabolic Disorders
226(1)
Renal System
226(1)
Respiratory System
226(1)
Sexual Abuse
226(7)
Genital and Anal Findings
226(30)
Anogenital Erythema, Excoriation, and Pruritus
227(2)
Local Irritation
228(1)
Dermatological Disorders
228(1)
Infections
228(1)
Systemic Conditions
229(1)
Anogenital Bruising
229(1)
Local Injury
229(1)
Dermatological Disorders
229(1)
Systemic Conditions
230(1)
Anogenital Bleeding and Bloody Vaginal Discharge
230(2)
Local Irritation
230(1)
Dermatological Disorders
231(1)
Infection
231(1)
Endocrinological Disorders
232(1)
Structural and Neoplastic Disorders
232(1)
Nonbloody Vaginal Discharge
232(1)
Unusual Anatomical Appearance
232(24)
Acquired Conditions
232(1)
Congenital Conditions
233(1)
Conclusion
233(1)
References
234(7)
Chapter 8 Clinical Aspects Of Child Neglect 241(44)
Key Points
241(1)
Introduction
241(1)
Defining Neglect
242(9)
Epidemiology of Neglect
251(1)
Fatal Child Neglect
252(1)
Risk and Protective Factors for Neglect
253(1)
Ecological Models of Neglect: Child, Family, and Community Characteristics
253(1)
Basic Needs of Children
254(2)
Perceptions About Neglect
256(1)
Neglect in the Health Care Setting
256(12)
Physical Neglect
256(2)
Presentation
256(1)
Epidemiology
257(1)
History
257(1)
Physical Examination
258(1)
Clinical Observations of Caregiver-Child Interactions
258(1)
Laboratory Assessment
258(1)
Failure to Thrive
258(6)
Presentation
258(1)
History
259(1)
Physical Examination
260(2)
Clinical Observations of Caregiver-Child Interactions
262(2)
Laboratory Assessment
262(2)
Medical Neglect
264(4)
Presentation
264(1)
Epidemiology
264(1)
History
265(1)
Physical Examination
266(1)
Laboratory Assessment
266(1)
Medical Neglect Versus Noncompliance (Nonadherence)
266(2)
Obesity as a Manifestation of Medical Neglect
268(1)
Nursing as a Basis for the Prevention, Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Neglect
268(2)
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention of Neglect
269(1)
Identification of Neglect
269(1)
Generic Screening for Neglect
270(1)
Specific Screening
270(1)
Evaluation
270(1)
Management
270(5)
Generic Treatment
272(2)
Specific Treatment
274(1)
Parental Responses to Nursing Interventions for Child Neglect
275(1)
Nursing Leadership in the Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Neglect
276(1)
Nurses as Mandated Reporters: Reporting Neglect to Child Protective Services
276(1)
Outcomes Following Neglect
277(1)
Conclusion
278(1)
Appendix 8-1: Report of Suspected Neglect Form
278(1)
References
279(6)
Chapter 9 Documenting The Evaluation Of Suspected Child Maltreatment Cases 285(18)
Key Points
285(1)
Introduction
285(1)
General Considerations for the History and Physical Examination
286(1)
Documentation Guidelines
286(9)
Documentation of Consent
288(1)
Format of Assessment Documentation
288(1)
Documentation of Taped Interviews
288(1)
Documentation of the History
289(1)
History from the Caregiver
290(1)
Documentation of Neglect: A Longer View
290(1)
Documentation of Parent-Child Interactions
291(1)
Documentation of Physical Findings
291(2)
Photographic Documentation of Findings
293(3)
Obtaining Consent for Photodocumentation
295(1)
Use of Colposcope
295(1)
Forensic Evidence Collection
295(1)
Documenting Conclusions, Opinions, or Diagnoses From the Medical Evaluation
296(1)
Documentation of the Treatment and Plan
296(1)
Mandated Reporting Requirements
296(1)
Court Testimony and Documentation
297(1)
Conclusion
297(1)
Appendix 9-1: Child Abuse Evaluation Form
297(3)
References
300(3)
Chapter 10 Mental Health Aspects Of Child Survivors Of Abuse And Neglect 303(22)
Key Points
303(1)
Introduction
304(3)
Historical Perceptions
307(1)
Stereotypical Beliefs
308(2)
The Evaluation of Survivors of Abuse
310(3)
Issues to Consider Before Beginning Treatment
310(4)
Mental Health Principles to Keep in Mind During the Abuse Evaluation
310(4)
Points to Remember During the History Taking Process
310(1)
Points to Remember During the Physical Evaluation
311(1)
Developmental Level
312(1)
Family Structure
312(1)
Lack Of Resources
313(1)
Trauma Response Patterns
313(1)
Emotional and Behavioral Aspects: Attempts at Mastery and the Compulsion to Repeat the Trauma
314(3)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
314(4)
Emotional and Behavioral Presentations
316(15)
Integration
317(1)
Reenactment
317(1)
Repetition
317(1)
Displacement
317(1)
The Issue of Belief
317(1)
Interventions
318(2)
Short-term Goals
318(1)
Long-term Goals
319(1)
Conclusion
320(1)
Appendix 10-1: Additional Resources
320(1)
References
321(4)
Chapter 11 Sexual Abuse Of Adolescents 325(28)
Key Points
325(1)
Epidemiology
326(1)
Sexual Maturity
327(2)
Adolescent Risk-Taking Behaviors
329(1)
Dating Violence
330(2)
Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault
331(1)
Symptoms
332(1)
Medical Evaluation of Acute Sexual Assault
332(6)
History and Interview
335(1)
Physical Examination
336(1)
Documentation
337(1)
Laboratory Evaluation
338(1)
Prophylaxis of STIs
339(1)
Pregnancy Prophylaxis
340(1)
Medical Evaluation of Nonacute Sexual Abuse
341(2)
Sequelae of Sexual Abuse
343(2)
Prevention and Anticipatory Guidance
345(1)
Conclusion
345(1)
References
346(7)
Chapter 12 When The Medical System Is Misused: The Condition Formerly Known As Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy 353(16)
Key Points
353(1)
Introduction
354(1)
History
355(2)
Differentiating Between the Accurate and Misleading Clinical History
356(1)
The Multidisciplinary Team Approach
357(1)
Documentation
358(1)
Considerations
358(1)
Hospitalization
358(4)
Separation Test
360(1)
Covert Video Surveillance
361(1)
Characteristics of the Caregiver
362(1)
Management and Outcomes
362(1)
Conclusion
363(4)
References
367(2)
Chapter 13 Child Protective Services And Child Abuse 369(26)
Key Points
369(1)
Introduction
369(2)
The History of Child Abuse and Neglect Policy
371(2)
Child Protective Services
373(4)
Role of Child Protective Services in Investigations of Child Abuse
373(1)
Collaboration in the Investigative Process
374(3)
Models of Collaboration in Child Abuse Investigations
374(6)
Child Advocacy Center Joint Investigations
375(2)
Child Abuse Reports
377(11)
Sources of Reports
380(1)
Process of a CPS Case
380(4)
Family Assessment
383(1)
Case Planning
383(1)
Case Management and Treatment
383(1)
Evaluation of Family Process and Case Closure
384(1)
CPS and Mandatory Reporting
384(13)
What to Report
386(1)
Benefits of Reporting
387(1)
Outcomes of Child Protective Services Interventions
388(2)
Statistical Resources
390(1)
Conclusion
390(1)
References
390(5)
Chapter 14 Legal Issues 395(12)
Key Points
395(1)
Child Protective Services
396(1)
Mandatory Reporting Laws
397(3)
Barriers to Reporting
397(3)
Confusion Regarding the Role of Child Protective Services
397(1)
Lack of Ease in Reporting
398(1)
Poor Communication
398(1)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
398(1)
Available Resources
398(1)
Protected Health Information
399(1)
Overview of Court Systems
400(2)
Civil Court
400(1)
Dependency Hearings
400(1)
Custody Cases
401(1)
Criminal Court
401(1)
Testifying In Court
402(3)
Evidence
403(1)
Expert Witnesses and Fact Witnesses
403(2)
Depositions
405(1)
Conclusion
405(1)
References
405(2)
Chapter 15 Children In The Violent Home: The Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence And Child Maltreatment 407(18)
Key Points
407(1)
Introduction
408(1)
Nomenclature
409(1)
Child Maltreatment
409(1)
Intimate Partner Violence
410(2)
The Link Between Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence
412(1)
The Violent Home
412(2)
Response Patterns of Children in Violent Homes
414(3)
Physical Response
415(1)
Cognitive Response
416(1)
Behavioral Response
417(1)
Implications for Nursing Practice
417(2)
Conclusion
419(1)
References
420(5)
Chapter 16 Risks To Children In The Digital Age Of The Internet And Social Networking 425(16)
Key Points
425(1)
Introduction
426(1)
Risky Behaviors on the Internet
427(6)
Online Victimization
428(1)
Social Networking Sites
428(1)
Chat Rooms
429(1)
Self-exploitation Behaviors and Sexting
430(1)
Online Relationships
431(1)
Electronic Aggression
431(1)
Online Stalking
432(1)
The Role of Health Care Providers in the Digital Age
433(4)
Awareness and Risk Assessment
433(3)
Handling the Disclosure of Online and Offline Victimization
436(1)
Conclusion
437(1)
References
437(4)
Chapter 17 Prevention Of Child Maltreatment 441(18)
Key Points
441(2)
Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Child Maltreatment
443(2)
Strategies for Preventing Child Maltreatment
445(6)
Universal Prevention Programs
445(3)
Triple P — Positive Parenting Program®
445(1)
Period of Purple Crying® and Hospital-Based Parent Education Program
446(1)
Adults and Children Together Against Violence Parents Raising Safe Kids Program (ACT Program)
447(1)
Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs
447(1)
Prevention Programs for Selected and Indicated Populations
448(3)
Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK)
448(1)
Home Visiting Programs
448(1)
Healthy Families America® (HFA)
448(1)
Nurse Family Partnership® (NFP)
448(1)
Behavioral Parent Training Programs (BPT)
449(2)
SafeCare®
450(1)
Parent Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT)
450(1)
The Incredible Years®
450(1)
The Role of Nurses in Preventing Child Maltreatment
451(2)
Hospital Settings
451(1)
Maternity Units
451(1)
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
452(1)
Emergency Room (ER)
452(1)
Primary Care
452(1)
School Settings
453(1)
Other Settings
453(1)
Conclusion
453(1)
References
453(6)
Chapter 18 Human Trafficking: A Health Care Perspective 459(24)
Key Points
459(3)
Human Trafficking: A Multifaceted Problem
462(3)
Scope of the Problem
462(1)
Related Health Problems
463(1)
Human Trafficking: Risk Factors
463(1)
Displacement from Known and Familiar Surroundings
463(1)
Potentially Hazardous Nature of Expected Service
463(1)
Specific Physical Health Issues
464(1)
Reproductive and Gynecological Health
465(1)
Mental Health
465(1)
Neglected Health Care Needs
465(1)
Screening and Identification of Potential Victims
465(2)
History and Interview
466(1)
Physical Exam
466(1)
TEAMSTAT Approach to Evaluation
467(2)
Tell Them Your Agenda
468(1)
Express Concern
468(1)
Assure Normalcy of Feelings
468(1)
Medical Issues
468(1)
Safety Issues
469(1)
Test and Treat Presumptively
469(1)
Access Appropriate Psychological and Legal Assistance
469(1)
Timely Follow-up
469(1)
Documentation
469(1)
Practical Action
469(1)
Legal Response to Human Trafficking: Overview for Health Care Providers
470(2)
Prevention
470(1)
Protection
470(1)
Criminalization
471(1)
Trafficking Victims Protection Act
471(15)
International Victims
471(1)
Domestic Victims
472(1)
Providers
472(2)
Responding When No Services Exist: National Community Needs Assessment
474(1)
Conclusion
475(3)
References
478(5)
Chapter 19 Substance Dependence And Child Maltreament 483(28)
Key Points
483(1)
Introduction
483(1)
Scope
484(2)
Chemical Dependence
486(4)
Children of Substance Users
487(1)
Child Maltreatment
488(1)
Common Characteristics and Confounders
489(1)
Societal Costs
489(1)
Obtaining a History of Substance Abuse
490(1)
Assessing Substance Abuse
490(10)
Physical Effects
492(5)
Intrauterine Drug Exposure
497(1)
Drug Testing
498(2)
Urine
499(1)
Hair
499(1)
Other Testing Modalities
500(1)
Treatment of Substance Abuse
500(4)
Treatment Challenges
503(1)
The Future of Treatment
504(1)
Conclusion
504(1)
Appendix 19-1: Additional Resources
504(1)
References
505(6)
Chapter 20 Forensic Nursing 511(14)
Key Points
511(1)
Introduction
511(1)
History of Forensic Nursing
512(3)
Scope of Violence
515(1)
Roles
516(1)
Prevention
516(2)
Primary Prevention
516(1)
Secondary and Tertiary Prevention
516(1)
Skills
516(2)
Education
518(1)
Knowledge of Injuries and Trauma
519(1)
Recognizing Emotional Trauma
519(1)
Documentation
519(3)
Forensic Photography
520(1)
Evidence Collection
520(1)
Expert Witness
521(1)
Conclusion
522(1)
References
522(3)
Index 525
Paul Thomas Clements, PhD, APRN-BC, CGS, DF-IAFN

Ann Burgess, RN, DNSc, CS

Theresa M. Fay-Hillier, MSN, PMHCNS-BC

Eileen R. Giardino, PhD, RN, CRNP

Angelo P. Giardino, MD, PhD, FAAP