| Introduction |
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1 | (4) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (2) |
| Part I: Getting Started with Nursing Calculations and IV Therapy |
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5 | (84) |
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Chapter 1 Getting the Lowdown on Nursing Calculations and IV Therapy |
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7 | (12) |
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Increasing Your Confidence in Healthcare-Related Maths |
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8 | (2) |
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Beginning with the basics |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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Working out the tablet/capsule drug dosages |
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11 | (1) |
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Calculating liquid drug dosages |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
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Visiting the realm of vital signs: Physiological measurements |
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12 | (1) |
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Interpreting the prescription chart |
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12 | (1) |
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Finding out about the fluid chart |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
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Getting under the skin of the IV route |
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14 | (1) |
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Appreciating the advantages of IV administration |
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15 | (1) |
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Looking Out for the Complications of IV Therapy |
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16 | (3) |
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Understanding the disadvantages of IV administration |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Dealing with pain on IV injection |
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17 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 It's about Units, Innit! The Metric System of Measurement |
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19 | (14) |
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Anyone for Tens? Using the Metric System of Measurement |
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19 | (8) |
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20 | (3) |
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Introducing the decimal unit |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (6) |
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Changing larger units into smaller units |
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28 | (2) |
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Converting smaller units into larger units |
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30 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Making a Point Fractions and Decimals |
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33 | (12) |
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Getting to Grips with Fractions |
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33 | (6) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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Adding and subtracting fractions |
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36 | (1) |
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Multiplying and dividing fractions |
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37 | (1) |
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Converting fractions into decimals |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (6) |
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Thinking about decimals and fractions |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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Converting decimals into fractions |
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42 | (1) |
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Turning decimals into percentages |
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43 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Ordering Parts with Percentages, Averages and Ratios |
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45 | (14) |
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Peering into the World of Percentages |
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45 | (6) |
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Thinking about percentages and decimals |
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47 | (1) |
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Converting fractions into percentages |
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47 | (1) |
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Calculating the percentage of a number |
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48 | (1) |
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Getting percentages from percentages |
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48 | (1) |
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Administering drug amounts involving percentages |
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49 | (2) |
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Appreciating the Usefulness of Averages |
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51 | (3) |
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Defining and working with different averages |
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51 | (2) |
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Putting averages to work in healthcare |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (5) |
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54 | (1) |
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Using ratios in healthcare |
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55 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Making Sense of Moles and Solution Concentrates |
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59 | (10) |
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Meeting Moles and Millimoles |
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59 | (4) |
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60 | (2) |
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Converting moles into millimoles |
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62 | (1) |
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Changing millimoles into milligrams per litre |
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62 | (1) |
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Concentrating on Solution Concentrates |
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63 | (6) |
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Perusing percentage concentrates |
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63 | (2) |
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Considering concentration strengths |
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65 | (1) |
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Solving the solution of milligrams/millilitre concentrations |
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65 | (1) |
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Uniting the explanation of units |
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66 | (1) |
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Administering LMWH doses correctly |
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66 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Administering Drugs Accurately and Safely |
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69 | (20) |
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Keeping Drug Safety in Mind |
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69 | (6) |
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Avoiding drug administration errors |
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70 | (3) |
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Remembering the rights of drug administration |
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73 | (1) |
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Spotting the difference between a drug and a medicine |
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74 | (1) |
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Distinguishing between generic and proprietary drugs names |
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74 | (1) |
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Looking at Types of Medicine Administration |
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75 | (7) |
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Understanding how much of a drug actually works: Bioavailability |
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75 | (2) |
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Working internally: Systemic medicines |
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77 | (1) |
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Applying externally: Topical medicines |
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78 | (1) |
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Giving special consideration to children and the elderly |
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79 | (3) |
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Deciphering Doctors' Instructions on Prescription Charts |
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82 | (9) |
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Knowing the abbreviations found on the prescription chart |
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84 | (1) |
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Working around the (24-hour) clock |
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85 | (1) |
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Telling IX from XI: Roman numerals |
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86 | (3) |
| Part II: Working Out Tablet and Liquid Dosages |
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89 | (108) |
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Chapter 7 Measuring the Important Vital Signs |
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91 | (20) |
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Monitoring the Vital Signs: Physiological Measurements |
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91 | (11) |
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Respiratory rates Don't hold your breath! |
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92 | (1) |
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Pulse rates: Keeping your finger on the pulse |
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93 | (2) |
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Temperatures: Is it hot in here or is it just me? |
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95 | (2) |
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Blood pressures: Don't blow a gasket! |
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97 | (1) |
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Neurological observations: Knowing the time, place and person |
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98 | (2) |
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Oxygen saturations: The champagne of life |
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100 | (2) |
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Identifying Deteriorating Patients |
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102 | (3) |
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Plotting the physical measurements on the observation chart |
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102 | (1) |
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Spotting the danger signs: Early warning scores |
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103 | (2) |
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Finding Out about Fluid Charts |
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105 | (6) |
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106 | (1) |
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Maintaining the fluid balance |
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106 | (5) |
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Chapter 8 Sorting Out Medication Dosages |
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111 | (16) |
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Figuring Out the Correct Oral Dose to Administer |
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111 | (6) |
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Comparing oral drug administration methods: Bundles versus formulae |
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112 | (3) |
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Knowing how many pills to administer |
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115 | (1) |
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Working through some oral dose examples |
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115 | (2) |
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Calculating the Correct Liquid Dose |
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117 | (4) |
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Bundles for liquids and injectable drugs |
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117 | (1) |
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Formulae for liquid and injectable drugs |
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117 | (1) |
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Formulae for more involved liquid and injectable prescriptions |
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118 | (2) |
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Working through some liquid and injectable dose examples |
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120 | (1) |
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Titrating Drugs According to Body Weight |
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121 | (6) |
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Checking out the formulae for titrating drugs |
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121 | (3) |
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Working through some titration dose examples |
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124 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Making Out the Make-Up of Pills |
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127 | (10) |
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Going through the System: How Drugs Work in the Body |
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127 | (4) |
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Breaking down: Dissolution |
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128 | (1) |
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Being taken in: Absorption |
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129 | (1) |
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Spreading the feel-good factor: Distribution |
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129 | (1) |
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Converting drugs: Metabolism |
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130 | (1) |
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Eliminating waste: Excretion |
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131 | (1) |
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Looking at Patient Information Leaflets |
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131 | (2) |
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131 | (1) |
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Thinking about side effects |
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132 | (1) |
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Getting to Know some Smart Drugs |
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133 | (4) |
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Cuddling up together: 'Co' pills |
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133 | (1) |
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Moving slowly: Modified-release medications |
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134 | (2) |
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Dressing up your pills: Medications with enteric coatings |
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136 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Keeping Up to Scratch on Injections |
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137 | (18) |
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Exploring the Different Types of Injections |
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137 | (7) |
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Tackling intradermal injections |
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138 | (1) |
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Scratching the surface: Injection sites for subcutaneous injections |
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139 | (1) |
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Showing your muscle: Injection sites for intramuscular injections |
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140 | (2) |
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Releasing the drug gradually with depot injections |
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142 | (1) |
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Infusing the drug: Intravenous injections |
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142 | (2) |
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Taking the spinal route: Intrathecal injections |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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Polishing up Your Injection Techniques |
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145 | (4) |
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Bracing yourself to give SC and IM injections |
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146 | (2) |
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Keeping an eye on the curves: Meniscus effect |
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148 | (1) |
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Tooling up to Inject: Equipment |
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149 | (6) |
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Selecting the correct syringe |
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149 | (2) |
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Sizing up injection needles |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (2) |
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Chapter 11 Comprehending Diagnostic Blood Tests: Venepuncture |
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155 | (14) |
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Taking Blood to Test: Venepuncture |
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155 | (1) |
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Showing Some Bottle When Taking Blood |
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156 | (13) |
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Using bottle sample type 1 |
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157 | (2) |
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Putting bottle sample type 2 to the correct use |
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159 | (3) |
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Counting on bottle sample type 3 |
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162 | (2) |
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Collecting blood with bottle sample type 4 |
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164 | (1) |
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Pressing bottle sample type 5 into service |
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164 | (2) |
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Checking element levels with bottle sample type 6 |
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166 | (3) |
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Chapter 12 Using Advanced Formulae |
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169 | (10) |
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169 | (2) |
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Calculating infant feeding requirements |
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169 | (1) |
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Working out infant growth expectations |
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170 | (1) |
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Handling Body Calculations |
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171 | (3) |
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Delving into body surface area estimations |
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171 | (2) |
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Weighing in with the Body Mass Index |
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173 | (1) |
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Making Organ and System Calculations |
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174 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Checking out renal clearance measurements |
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176 | (1) |
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Looking at Additional Calculations |
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176 | (3) |
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177 | (1) |
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Working out the energy requirements of the body |
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177 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Monitoring Patients for Adverse Reactions |
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179 | (18) |
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Understanding Adverse Reactions |
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179 | (7) |
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Comparing allergies and anaphylaxis |
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180 | (2) |
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Covering the causes of anaphylaxis |
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182 | (4) |
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Taking a Tour of the Bodily Systems Affected |
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186 | (3) |
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Impacting the integumentary system |
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187 | (1) |
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Striking at the central nervous system |
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187 | (1) |
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Affecting the respiratory system |
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188 | (1) |
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Hitting the gastrointestinal system |
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188 | (1) |
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Attacking the cardiovascular system |
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189 | (1) |
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Managing Anaphylaxis Events |
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189 | (5) |
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Knowing the right course of action |
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190 | (1) |
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Meeting adrenalin - the wonder drug |
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191 | (1) |
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Seeing how adrenalin works |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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Reporting Adverse Reactions |
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194 | (5) |
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Using the yellow card system |
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194 | (1) |
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Completing in-house documentation |
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194 | (3) |
| Part III: Figuring Out Infusion Rates for IV Therapy |
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197 | (114) |
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Chapter 14 Water, Water, Everywhere! Looking at IV Fluids |
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199 | (22) |
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Considering the Legal Aspects of IV |
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200 | (3) |
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Meeting the 'special ones' who can administer IV fluids |
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200 | (2) |
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Watching for adverse drug reactions |
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202 | (1) |
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Staying within the law: Vicarious liability |
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203 | (1) |
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Understanding Fluids in the Body |
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203 | (9) |
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Being aware of total body water volume |
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204 | (2) |
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Describing the fluid compartments |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Knowing the types of IV fluids |
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208 | (2) |
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Treating hypovolaemic shock |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (9) |
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Setting up IV administration sets for clear fluids |
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212 | (3) |
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Putting together IV administration sets for blood and thickened fluids |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Becoming proficient in using pump administration devices |
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216 | (1) |
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Calculating drip rates using the gravity method |
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217 | (2) |
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Working out the duration of a bag of IV fluids |
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219 | (2) |
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Chapter 15 Discussing Drips and Drops: IV Therapy |
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221 | (18) |
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Looking at Methods of IV Therapy |
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221 | (6) |
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Considering IV drug methods |
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222 | (1) |
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Examining electrolyte imbalances |
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223 | (4) |
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Delivering Medications from Ampoules and Vials |
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227 | (5) |
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Knowing the correct way to reconstitute powdered medication |
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227 | (2) |
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Accounting for the displacement factor |
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229 | (2) |
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Being aware of drug administration timing considerations |
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231 | (1) |
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Administering Continuous Infusions: Insulin and Heparin |
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232 | (7) |
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232 | (3) |
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Handling heparin infusions |
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235 | (4) |
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Chapter 16 Round Peg in a Square Hole: Getting Drugs and Fluids into the Body |
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239 | (20) |
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Introducing IV Access Devices |
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239 | (2) |
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Popping in for a few days: Peripheral cannulae |
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240 | (1) |
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Staying for the longer haul: Central lines |
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241 | (1) |
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Going for the Vein: Peripheral Cannulae |
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241 | (10) |
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Introducing peripheral cannulae |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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Inserting a peripheral cannulae |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (3) |
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Securing and dressing the access site |
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250 | (1) |
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Sampling blood from the cannula |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Getting Drugs into the Central System |
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251 | (8) |
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252 | (3) |
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Taking a look at other central lines |
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255 | (1) |
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Withdrawing blood from a central line |
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256 | (1) |
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Caring for a central line |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Chapter 17 Administering Blood Components |
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259 | (12) |
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259 | (2) |
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Being on Top of Blood Transfusion Requirements |
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261 | (2) |
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Satisfying the national requirements for blood transfusion |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Tracing the Blood Transfusion Procedures |
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263 | (8) |
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Performing the sample collection |
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265 | (1) |
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Following the required collection procedure |
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266 | (1) |
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Ensuring that the administration procedure is correct |
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267 | (1) |
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Observing the monitoring procedure |
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268 | (2) |
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Dealing with adverse effects |
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270 | (1) |
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Chapter 18 Reducing Infections and Needle Injuries |
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271 | (14) |
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271 | (10) |
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272 | (1) |
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Avoiding infections associated with IV drug administration |
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273 | (2) |
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Considering the chain of infection |
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275 | (2) |
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Infecting the blood or body: Sepsis |
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277 | (3) |
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Performing a visual inspection of phlebitis |
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280 | (1) |
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Staying Sharp to Stay Safe |
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281 | (4) |
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Minimising and treating needle-stick injuries |
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282 | (1) |
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Disposing of sharps properly |
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283 | (2) |
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Chapter 19 Checking for IV Therapy Complications |
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285 | (16) |
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Avoiding Problems when Administrating IV Medication |
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285 | (7) |
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Minimising fluid overload (hypervolaemia) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (2) |
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Investigating incompatibility issues |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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291 | (1) |
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Dealing with Cannula Problems |
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292 | (5) |
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Tackling cannula occlusion |
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292 | (1) |
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Getting under the skin: Avoiding infiltration |
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293 | (1) |
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Recognising and managing extravasation |
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294 | (3) |
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Getting Smart with Other IV-Related Precautions |
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297 | (4) |
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Knowing how to avoid precipitation |
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297 | (2) |
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Caring for IV fluid administration sets |
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299 | (2) |
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Chapter 20 Meeting Sister Morphine: The Poppy and Pain Management |
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301 | (10) |
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Ouch! Dipping a Toe into a World of Pain |
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301 | (4) |
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303 | (1) |
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Climbing the analgesic ladder |
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304 | (1) |
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Using (Not Abusing) Morphine |
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305 | (2) |
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Working out correct morphine dosages |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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Being aware of complications and side effects |
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307 | (1) |
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Knowing the antidote to most opiates |
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307 | (1) |
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Assessing Patients and Documentation |
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307 | (36) |
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308 | (1) |
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Completing the documentation |
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308 | (1) |
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Procedure for using acute pain assessment and observation chart |
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308 | (1) |
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Monitoring and extra care for patients in main ward areas |
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309 | (2) |
| Part IV: Testing pour Calculations and IV Knowledge |
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311 | (30) |
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Chapter 21 101 Questions to Test Your IV Therapy Knowledge |
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313 | (8) |
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Chapter 22 101 Answers to the IV Therapy Questions |
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321 | (20) |
| Part V: The Part of Tens |
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341 | (18) |
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Chapter 23 Ten Tips for Administering IV Drugs Safely |
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343 | (6) |
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Employing the Aseptic Non-touch Technique |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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Using the Correct Equipment |
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344 | (1) |
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Choosing the Venous Access Device (VAD) Correctly |
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345 | (1) |
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Working Out the Maths Correctly |
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345 | (1) |
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Titrating Correctly According to the Patient's Body Weight |
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345 | (1) |
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Delivering the Drug over a Set Time |
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346 | (1) |
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Avoiding Coring of Rubber Bungs on Ampoules |
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346 | (1) |
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Reconstituting Drugs Correctly |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
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Chapter 24 Ten Useful Drug-Administration Formulae |
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349 | (6) |
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Working Out the Amount of Pills to Dispense |
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349 | (1) |
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Calculating the Millilitres to Draw up for Liquid Medications |
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350 | (1) |
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Assessing Infusion Pump Rates |
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350 | (1) |
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Computing IV Drip Rates Gravity Method |
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350 | (1) |
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Determining IV Drip Rates: Duration Request |
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351 | (1) |
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Titrating Drugs According to Body Weight |
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351 | (1) |
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Administering an IV Dose per Minute |
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352 | (1) |
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Counting Out Cardiac Output |
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352 | (1) |
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Measuring Body Surface Areas |
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353 | (1) |
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Filling up on Infant Feeding Requirements |
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353 | (2) |
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Chapter 25 Ten Key Points When Administering Medication |
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355 | (4) |
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355 | (1) |
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Knowing Your Abbreviations |
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355 | (1) |
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Understanding Metric Measures and Calculations |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Recognising Drugs that Look and Sound Alike |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Reviewing the Patient for Drug Allergies |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Being Aware of Adverse Drug Reactions and Contra-indications |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Handling Sharps Carefully |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Asking for Advice and Information |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Observing the 'Rights' of Medication Administration |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
Remembering Your Healthcare Responsibilities |
|
|
358 | (1) |
| Index |
|
359 | |
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