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Ocean Mixing [Hardback]

(University of Washington)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 378 pages, height x width x depth: 250x177x23 mm, weight: 910 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107173809
  • ISBN-13: 9781107173804
  • Hardback
  • Cena: 100,23 €
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 378 pages, height x width x depth: 250x177x23 mm, weight: 910 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 04-Feb-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1107173809
  • ISBN-13: 9781107173804
The stratified ocean mixes episodically in small patches where energy is dissipated and density smoothed over scales of centimeters. The net effect of these countless events effects the shape of the ocean's thermocline, how heat is transported from the sea surface to the interior, and how dense bottom water is lifted into the global overturning circulation. This book explores the primary factors affecting mixing, beginning with the thermodynamics of seawater, how they vary in the ocean and how they depend on the physical properties of seawater. Turbulence and double diffusion are then discussed, which determines how mixing evolves and the different impacts it has on velocity, temperature, and salinity. It reviews insights from both laboratory studies and numerical modelling, emphasising the assumptions and limitations of these methods. This is an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students working to advance our understanding of mixing, including oceanographers, atmospheric scientists and limnologists.

This book examines how large-scale processes drive centimetre-scale mixing throughout the stratified ocean. It explores the primary factors affecting mixing and turbulence, and reviews insights from laboratory studies and numerical modelling. It is an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students in oceanography and related fields.

Recenzijas

'The book is recommended to graduate students majoring in physical oceanography and related ocean science fields, and will also find readers among researchers with related interests.' M. Alam, CHOICE

Papildus informācija

This book examines how large-scale processes drive centimetre-scale mixing throughout the stratified ocean.
Preface xi
1 Mixing and Its Role in the Ocean
1(24)
1.1 Overview
1(2)
1.2 How is Mixing Studied?
3(6)
1.3 The Meridional Overturning Circulation
9(10)
1.4 Kinetic Energy and Scalar Variance Budgets
19(6)
2 Thermodynamics and Seawater Properties
25(46)
2.1 Overview
25(1)
2.2 Parameterizing Seawater
26(7)
2.3 First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics
33(4)
2.4 Molecular Fluxes and Diffusivities
37(6)
2.5 Equilibrium and Well-Mixed States
43(3)
2.6 Equation of State and Its Derivatives
46(4)
2.7 Buoyancy Flux and Potential Energy
50(5)
2.8 Temperature-Salinity Diagrams and Spiciness
55(3)
2.9 Neutral Surfaces, Thermobaricity, and Cabbeling
58(9)
2.10 Water Mass Transformation
67(4)
3 Turbulence
71(40)
3.1 Overview
71(1)
3.2 Dimensional and Scale Analysis
72(2)
3.3 Energetics
74(4)
3.4 Scalar Variances
78(2)
3.5 Production
80(3)
3.6 The Kolmogorov Energy Cascade
83(8)
3.7 The Advective Scalar Cascade
91(5)
3.8 The Horizontal Cascade in Strong Stratification
96(3)
3.9 Evolution and Decay
99(2)
3.10 Intermittence and Statistics
101(3)
3.11 Estimating Diapycnal Turbulent Fluxes
104(3)
3.12 Mixing Efficiency
107(3)
3.13 Perspectives
110(1)
4 Double Diffusion
111(45)
4.1 Overview
111(2)
4.2 Double-Diffusive Convection
113(5)
4.3 Salt Fingering
118(11)
4.4 Salt Fingering Staircases
129(6)
4.5 Diffusive Layering
135(7)
4.6 Diffusive Staircases
142(4)
4.7 Thermohaline Intrusions
146(9)
4.8 Perspectives
155(1)
5 Sampling Mixing and Its Environment
156(41)
5.1 Overview
156(1)
5.2 Dissipation-Scale Sensors
156(12)
5.3 Energy-Scale and Finestructure Sensors
168(9)
5.4 Profilers
177(7)
5.5 Towed Bodies and Self-Propelled Vehicles
184(2)
5.6 Moorings and Fixed Platforms
186(2)
5.7 Remote Sensing
188(4)
5.8 Tracers
192(2)
5.9 Perspectives
194(3)
6 Internal Waves and the Vortical Mode
197(33)
6.1 Overview
197(2)
6.2 Observations
199(6)
6.3 Linear Waves in a Steady Unsheared Flow
205(9)
6.4 Linear Waves in Horizontal Shear
214(2)
6.5 Linear Waves in Vertical Shear
216(2)
6.6 Eulerian Spectra
218(7)
6.7 The Vortical Mode
225(4)
6.8 Perspectives
229(1)
7 Interactions and Dissipation of Internal Waves and the Vortical Mode
230(53)
7.1 Overview
230(2)
7.2 Generation by Wind Stress
232(2)
7.3 Topographic Generation
234(10)
7.4 Generation by Geostrophic Adjustment of Balanced Flows
244(1)
7.5 Wave-Wave Interactions
245(7)
7.6 Testing Dissipation Scaling Based on Shear and Strain
252(14)
7.7 Nonlinearity
266(11)
7.8 The Saturated Range
277(4)
7.9 Perspectives
281(2)
8 Mixing in the Stratified Interior
283(38)
8.1 Overview
283(1)
8.2 Vertical Structure of Stratification
284(2)
8.3 Finestructure
286(5)
8.4 Global Mixing Patterns
291(7)
8.5 Mixing Patches and Overturns from Breaking Internal Waves
298(4)
8.6 Double Diffusion in the Pycnocline
302(4)
8.7 The Southern Ocean
306(4)
8.8 The Arctic
310(3)
8.9 Ocean Ridges
313(8)
Appendix A Glossary
321(4)
A.1 English Symbols
321(2)
A.2 Greek Symbols
323(2)
Appendix B The GM79 Internal Wave Spectrum, Prepared with R.-C. Lien
325(11)
B.1 Energy Density and Two-Dimensional Spectra
325(2)
B.2 Wave Functions
327(1)
B.3 Horizontal Velocity
328(1)
B.4 Vertical Shear of Horizontal Velocity
329(3)
B.5 Vertical Displacement
332(1)
B.6 Vertical Velocity
333(1)
B.7 Vertical Strain
334(1)
B.8 Shear-to-Strain Ratio
334(2)
Bibliography 336(29)
Index 365
Michael C. Gregg is an Emeritus Professor of Oceanography at the University of Washington. He is a leading expert on small-scale mixing processes and turbulence in the ocean, and has devoted his career to understanding these processes and how they impact larger-scale ocean dynamics. He was awarded the Henry Stommel Research Medal by the American Meteorological Society for his work on mixing and turbulence and is a fellow of the AGU, AMS and the AAAS.