Foreword |
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xiii | |
Preface |
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xiv | |
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xvii | |
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xix | |
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1 | (8) |
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1.1 Evolution towards mobile broadband communications |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 System design principles of wireless communications |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Why OFDMA for mobile broadband? |
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4 | (2) |
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1.4 Systems approach and outline of the book |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (61) |
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9 | (9) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (3) |
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2.1.3 Time-frequency resource |
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13 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Block signal processing |
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14 | (1) |
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Discussion notes 2.1 FFT/IFFT |
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15 | (1) |
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Discussion notes 2.2 Filtering |
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16 | (1) |
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Discussion notes 2.3 Equalization |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (16) |
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18 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Comparison: OFDMA, CDMA, and FDMA |
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21 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Inter-cell interference averaging: OFDMA versus CDMA |
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21 | (3) |
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2.2.4 Tone hopping: averaging versus peaking |
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24 | (2) |
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Practical example 2.1 Physical resource block allocation and hopping in LTE data channels |
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26 | (4) |
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2.2.5 Time-frequency synchronization and control |
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30 | (3) |
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2.2.6 Block signal processing |
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33 | (1) |
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Discussion notes 2.4 Block front-end processing at the base station |
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34 | (1) |
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Discussion notes 2.5 Wideband processing at the user |
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34 | (1) |
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2.3 Peak-to-average power ratio and SC-FDMA |
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34 | (18) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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2.3.3 SC-FDMA and PAPR reduction |
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35 | (5) |
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2.3.4 Frequency domain equalization at the SC-FDMA receiver |
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40 | (2) |
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Discussion notes 2.6 SINR degradation in SC-FDMA |
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42 | (3) |
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2.3.5 System aspects of SC-FDMA |
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45 | (1) |
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Practical example 2.2 Uplink data and control channels in LTE |
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46 | (6) |
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2.4 Real-world impairments |
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52 | (11) |
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2.4.1 Carrier frequency offset and Doppler effect |
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52 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Arrival time beyond the cyclic prefix |
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55 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Sampling rate mismatch |
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56 | (4) |
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60 | (1) |
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2.4.5 Power amplifier nonlinear distortion |
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61 | (1) |
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Discussion notes 2.7 Determination of OFDMA parameters |
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61 | (2) |
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2.5 Cross interference and self-noise models |
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63 | (1) |
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2.5.1 Cross interference and self-noise due to ICI |
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63 | (1) |
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2.6 Self-noise due to imperfect channel estimation |
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64 | (4) |
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2.6.1 Self-noise measurement via null pilot |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (2) |
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3 System design principles |
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70 | (24) |
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3.1 System benefits of OFDMA |
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70 | (4) |
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3.2 Fading channel mitigation and exploitation |
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74 | (3) |
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75 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Fading exploitation |
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75 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Mitigation or exploitation? |
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77 | (1) |
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3.3 Intra-cell user multiplexing |
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77 | (3) |
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3.4 Inter-cell interference management |
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80 | (4) |
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3.4.1 Interference averaging and active control |
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81 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Universal versus fractional frequency reuse |
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82 | (2) |
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3.5 Multiple antenna techniques |
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84 | (3) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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3.7 Network architecture and airlink support |
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89 | (3) |
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3.7.1 Unplanned deployment of base stations |
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90 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Mobile IP-based handoff |
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91 | (1) |
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3.8 Summary of key ideas: evolution of system design principles |
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92 | (2) |
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4 Mitigation and exploitation of multipath fading |
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94 | (56) |
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4.1 Multipath fading channel |
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97 | (9) |
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4.1.1 Impulse response model |
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97 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Amplitude statistics |
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99 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Channel variation in time |
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100 | (3) |
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4.1.4 Channel variation in frequency |
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103 | (2) |
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4.1.5 Gaussian-Markov model |
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105 | (1) |
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4.2 Communications over a fading channel: the single-user case |
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106 | (20) |
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4.2.1 Performance penalty due to multipath fading |
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106 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Mitigation of fading via channel state feedback |
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108 | (4) |
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Discussion notes 4.1 Practical consideration of feedback-based approaches |
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112 | (3) |
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4.2.3 Mitigation of fading via diversity |
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115 | (7) |
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Discussion notes 4.2 Tradeoff considerations for achieving diversity |
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122 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Feedback or diversity |
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123 | (3) |
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4.3 Communications over a fading channel: the multiuser case |
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126 | (22) |
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4.3.1 Fading channel and multiuser diversity |
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126 | (4) |
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Practical example 4.1 Multiuser diversity in the downlink: EV-DO |
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130 | (3) |
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Practical example 4.2 Multiuser diversity in the uplink: Flash-OFDM and LTE |
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133 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Exploring multiuser diversity in frequency and space |
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135 | (9) |
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4.3.3 Multiuser or single-user diversity |
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144 | (4) |
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148 | (2) |
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5 Intra-cell user multiplexing |
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150 | (46) |
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5.1 Orthogonal multiplexing |
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151 | (23) |
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5.1.1 Orthogonal multiplexing in the perfect model |
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151 | (6) |
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Discussion notes 5.1 An analysis of optimal power and bandwidth allocation in a cellular downlink |
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157 | (3) |
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Practical example 5.1 Downlink user multiplexing: EV-DO, HSDPA, and LTE |
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160 | (7) |
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5.1.2 Orthogonal multiplexing in the cross interference model |
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167 | (2) |
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Discussion notes 5.2 An analysis of optimal power and bandwidth allocation for orthogonal uplink multiplexing with cross interference in the power limited regime |
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169 | (3) |
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5.1.3 Orthogonal multiplexing in the self-noise model |
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172 | (2) |
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5.2 Non-orthogonal multiplexing |
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174 | (15) |
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5.2.1 Non-orthogonal multiplexing in the perfect model |
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176 | (4) |
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5.2.2 Non-orthogonal multiplexing in the cross interference and self-noise models |
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180 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Superposition-by-position coding |
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183 | (6) |
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5.3 Inter-sector interference management |
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189 | (6) |
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189 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Synchronized sectors |
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190 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Users at sector edge |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (1) |
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6 Inter-cell interference management |
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196 | (43) |
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6.1 Analysis of SIR distributions |
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198 | (11) |
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199 | (3) |
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Discussion notes 6.1 An analysis of C/I distribution with randomly-placed base stations |
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202 | (3) |
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205 | (4) |
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6.2 Uplink power control and SINR assignment in OFDMA |
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209 | (10) |
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6.2.1 SINR feasibility region |
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210 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Distributed power control |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (3) |
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6.2.4 Joint bandwidth and SINR assignment |
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215 | (1) |
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6.2.5 Utility maximization in SINR assignment |
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216 | (1) |
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Practical example 6.1 Uplink power control in LTE |
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217 | (2) |
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6.3 Fractional frequency reuse |
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219 | (18) |
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6.3.1 A two-cell analysis |
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220 | (5) |
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Discussion notes 6.2 Motivation of fractional frequency reuse from a different angle |
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225 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Static FFR in a multi-cell scenario |
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226 | (4) |
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6.3.3 Breathing cells: FFR in the time domain |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (3) |
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Practical example 6.2 Inter-cell interference coordination in LTE |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
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7 Use of multiple antennas |
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239 | (43) |
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7.1 MIMO channel modeling |
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240 | (11) |
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7.1.1 Linear antenna arrays |
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241 | (6) |
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247 | (4) |
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251 | (3) |
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7.2.1 Channel state information at both transmitter and receiver |
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251 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Channel state information only at receiver |
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252 | (2) |
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7.2.3 Multiplexing with polarized antennas |
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254 | (1) |
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7.3 Multiuser MIMO techniques |
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254 | (13) |
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256 | (5) |
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7.3.2 Downlink beamforming |
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261 | (6) |
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7.4 Multi-cell MIMO techniques |
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267 | (13) |
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7.4.1 Coordinated beamforming |
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268 | (3) |
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7.4.2 Inter-sector beamforming |
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271 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Inter-cell interference avoidance with polarized antennas |
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273 | (1) |
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Practical example 7.1 Multiple antenna techniques in LTE |
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273 | (7) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (33) |
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8.1 Scheduling for infinitely backlogged traffic |
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283 | (6) |
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8.1.1 Fairness based on utility functions |
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283 | (3) |
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8.1.2 Gradient-based scheduling schemes |
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286 | (3) |
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8.2 Scheduling for elastic traffic |
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289 | (4) |
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8.2.1 Congestion control and scheduling |
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290 | (2) |
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Discussion notes 8.1 TCP performance over wireless |
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292 | (1) |
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8.3 Scheduling for inelastic traffic |
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293 | (7) |
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8.3.1 Throughput optimal scheduling |
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294 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Tradeoff between queue-awareness and channel-awareness |
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296 | (3) |
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299 | (1) |
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8.4 Multi-class scheduling |
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300 | (1) |
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8.5 Flow level scheduling |
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301 | (3) |
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8.6 Signaling for scheduling |
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304 | (9) |
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8.6.1 Dynamic packet scheduling |
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304 | (3) |
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Practical example 8.1 Signaling for scheduling in LTE |
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307 | (3) |
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8.6.2 Semi-persistent scheduling |
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310 | (1) |
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Practical example 8.2 Semi-persistent scheduling in LTE for VoIP |
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311 | (1) |
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8.6.3 MAC state scheduling |
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311 | (1) |
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Practical example 8.3 LTE DRX mode and Flash-OFDM HOLD state |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (2) |
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9 Handoff in IP-based network architecture |
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315 | (50) |
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9.1 IP-based cellular network architecture |
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317 | (2) |
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9.1.1 Motivation for IP-based cellular network architecture |
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317 | (1) |
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9.1.2 Description of IP-based cellular networks |
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317 | (2) |
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319 | (4) |
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9.3 Make-before-break handoff in OFDMA |
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323 | (14) |
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9.3.1 Parallel independent links to multiple base stations |
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324 | (3) |
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9.3.2 Mobile IP-based MBB handoff procedure |
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327 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Uplink macro-diversity |
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328 | (5) |
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9.3.4 Downlink macro-diversity |
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333 | (2) |
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9.3.5 MBB handoff in an FFR or multi-carrier scenario |
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335 | (2) |
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9.4 Break-before-make handoff in OFDMA |
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337 | (5) |
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9.4.1 BBM handoff in an FFR or multi-carrier scenario |
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338 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Expedited BBM handoff |
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339 | (3) |
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342 | (14) |
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9.5.1 The universal frequency reuse case |
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342 | (9) |
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Practical example 9.1 Flash signaling in Flash-OFDM |
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351 | (2) |
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Practical example 9.2 Handoff in a railway Flash-OFDM network |
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353 | (1) |
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9.5.2 The non-universal frequency reuse cases |
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354 | (2) |
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9.6 Mobile-controlled versus network-controlled handoff |
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356 | (7) |
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Practical example 9.3 Cell search and random access in LTE handoff |
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357 | (6) |
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363 | (2) |
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10 Beyond conventional cellular frameworks |
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365 | (96) |
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10.1 Heterogeneous topology |
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366 | (49) |
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367 | (16) |
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383 | (15) |
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10.1.3 Device-to-device communications |
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398 | (14) |
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Discussion notes 10.1 Gaussian interference channel capacity |
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412 | (3) |
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10.2 Cooperative communication |
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415 | (16) |
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417 | (8) |
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10.2.2 Network cooperation |
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425 | (6) |
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431 | (27) |
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433 | (5) |
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438 | (6) |
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Practical example 10.1 LTE-Advanced |
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444 | (12) |
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Practical example 10.2 Cognitive radio RAN in TV white spaces (IEEE 802.22) |
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456 | (2) |
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10.4 Summary of key ideas |
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458 | (3) |
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A Overview of system operations |
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461 | (6) |
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A.1 Cell search, synchronization, and identification |
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461 | (1) |
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462 | (1) |
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A.3 Traffic control and transmission |
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463 | (2) |
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465 | (1) |
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465 | (2) |
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B OFDM point-to-point communications |
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467 | (28) |
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B.1 Signal-presence detection |
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467 | (4) |
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471 | (6) |
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477 | (10) |
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487 | (8) |
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C Brief review of channel capacity |
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495 | (8) |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (3) |
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C.2.1 Channel side information only at receiver |
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496 | (1) |
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C.2.2 Channel side information at both receiver and transmitter |
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497 | (2) |
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C.3 Frequency selective fading channel |
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499 | (1) |
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499 | (4) |
References |
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503 | (11) |
Index |
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514 | |