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E-grāmata: Offers and Offer Refusals: A postcolonial pragmatics perspective on World Englishes

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(University of Bayreuth)
  • Formāts: 336 pages
  • Sērija : Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 298
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Nov-2018
  • Izdevniecība: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789027263285
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Offers and Offer Refusals: A postcolonial pragmatics perspective on World EnglishesPalielināt
  • Formāts: 336 pages
  • Sērija : Pragmatics & Beyond New Series 298
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Nov-2018
  • Izdevniecība: John Benjamins Publishing Co
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789027263285
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This study offers a pragmatic dimension to World Englishes research. It is particularly timely because pragmatics has generally been understudied in past research on World Englishes, especially postcolonial Englishes. Apart from drawing attention to the paucity of research, the book also contributes to theory formation on the emerging theoretical framework, postcolonial pragmatics, which is then applied to data from two World (postcolonial) Englishes, Ghanaian and Cameroon Englishes. The copious examples used clearly illustrate how postcolonial societies realise various pragmatic phenomena, in this case offers and offer refusals, and how these could be fruitfully explained using an analytical framework designed on the complex internal set ups of these societies. For research on social interaction in these societies to be representative, it has to take into account the complex history of their evolution, contact with other systems during colonialism, and the heritages thereof. This book does just that.
Preface xiii
List of tables
xv
List of figures
xvii
List of abbreviations
xix
Chapter 1 Introduction: Offers, refusals in postcolonial multilingual societies: New research directions
1(28)
1.1 Pragmatics and research on Postcolonial Englishes
6(2)
1.2 Theoretical approaches in past research
8(2)
1.3 Directions in past research
10(3)
1.4 Pragmatic phenomena studied in past research
13(6)
1.4.1 Politeness and face
14(1)
1.4.2 Speech acts or speech events
14(2)
1.4.3 Naming, address forms and individual and group identity
16(3)
1.5 Aims and research questions
19(1)
1.6 Analytical frameworks in this study
20(5)
1.6.1 Postcolonial pragmatics
20(1)
1.6.2 World Englishes paradigm
21(1)
1.6.3 Theory of communicative acts
22(3)
1.7 The data: Ghana and Cameroon
25(2)
1.8 Outline of chapters
27(2)
Chapter 2 Postcolonial pragmatics: A theoretical framework for postcolonial multilingual societies
29(34)
2.1 Western pragmatics in non-Western pragmatic phenomena
30(9)
2.1.1 Interlanguage pragmatics
33(2)
2.1.2 Intercultural and cross-cultural pragmatics
35(2)
2.1.3 Historical pragmatics
37(1)
2.1.4 Variational pragmatics
38(1)
2.2 Towards a postcolonial pragmatics
39(18)
2.2.1 Some denning premises in postcolonial pragmatics
41(3)
2.2.2 Analytical components relevant to postcolonial pragmatics
44(11)
2.2.3 Relevance to Cameroon and Ghana
55(2)
2.3 A brief colonial history of Cameroon and Ghana
57(6)
2.3.1 Cameroon
57(2)
2.3.2 Ghana
59(4)
Chapter 3 Offers, refusals and professional status
63(74)
3.1 Communicative act structure: Preparatory, head and supportive acts
64(44)
3.1.1 Preparatory acts and professional status
65(14)
3.1.2 Head acts (types) and professional status
79(12)
3.1.3 Supportive acts and professional status
91(17)
3.2 Offer utterances: Realisation strategies and pragmatic functions
108(12)
3.2.1 Preference strategy in offer utterances
109(4)
3.2.2 Imperative strategy in offer utterances
113(3)
3.2.3 Execution strategy in offer utterances
116(3)
3.2.4 Declarative strategy in offer utterances
119(1)
3.3 Offer refusal utterances: Realisation strategies and pragmatic functions
120(4)
3.3.1 Impediment strategy in offer refusal utterances
121(1)
3.3.2 Direct refusal strategy in offer refusal utterances
122(1)
3.3.3 Preference strategy in offer refusal utterances
123(1)
3.3.4 Inability strategy in offer refusal utterances
123(1)
3.3.5 Postponement strategy in offer refusal utterances
124(1)
3.4 Professional status in offers and offer refusals: Postcolonial pragmatic components
124(12)
3.4.1 Address forms
125(5)
3.4.2 Gender
130(3)
3.4.3 Social status and level of imposition
133(1)
3.4.4 Religion
134(1)
3.4.5 Collectivist cultures and in-group norms
135(1)
3.5 Summary: Professional status between Ghana and Cameroon
136(1)
Chapter 4 Offers, refusals and age
137(58)
4.1 Communicative act structure: Preparatory, head and supportive acts
138(28)
4.1.1 Preparatory acts and age
139(4)
4.1.2 Head acts (types) and age
143(9)
4.1.3 Supportive acts and age
152(14)
4.2 Offer utterances: Realisation strategies and pragmatic functions
166(10)
4.2.1 Imperative strategy in offer utterances
170(2)
4.2.2 Preference strategy in offer utterances
172(2)
4.2.3 Execution strategy in offer utterances
174(2)
4.3 Offer refusal utterances: Realisation strategies and pragmatic functions
176(6)
4.3.1 Preference strategy in offer refusal utterances
177(2)
4.3.2 Assurance strategy in offer refusal utterances
179(1)
4.3.3 Direct refusal strategy in offer refusal utterances
179(1)
4.3.4 Return offer strategy in offer refusal utterances
180(1)
4.3.5 Impediment strategy in offer refusal utterances
181(1)
4.3.6 Acceptance strategy in offer refusal utterances
181(1)
4.4 Age in offers and offer refusals: Postcolonial pragmatic components
182(11)
4.4.1 Address forms
182(6)
4.4.2 Religion
188(1)
4.4.3 Collectivist cultures and social norms
189(2)
4.4.4 Gender
191(1)
4.4.5 Code-switching
191(2)
4.5 Summary: Age and social and linguistic behaviour between Ghana and Cameroon
193(2)
Chapter 5 Offers, refusals and peer equality
195(54)
5.1 Communicative act structure: Preparatory, head and supportive acts
196(25)
5.1.1 Preparatory acts and peer equality
196(7)
5.1.2 Head acts (types) and peer equality
203(8)
5.1.3 Supportive acts and peer equality
211(10)
5.2 Offer utterances: Realisation strategies and pragmatic functions
221(12)
5.2.1 Imperative strategy in offer utterances
223(2)
5.2.2 Preference strategy in offer utterances
225(3)
5.2.3 Declarative strategy in offer utterances
228(3)
5.2.4 Execution strategy in offer utterances
231(2)
5.3 Offer refusal utterances: Realisation strategies and pragmatic functions
233(4)
5.3.1 Direct refusal strategy in offer refusal utterances
234(1)
5.3.2 Impediment strategy in offer refusal utterances
235(1)
5.3.3 Assurance strategy in offer refusal utterances
236(1)
5.4 Peer equality in offers and offer refusals: Postcolonial pragmatic components
237(11)
5.4.1 Address forms
238(4)
5.4.2 Religion
242(1)
5.4.3 Collectivist cultures and in-group bonding
243(2)
5.4.4 Peer equality and imposition
245(1)
5.4.5 Societal ills and suspicion
246(1)
5.4.6 Gender
247(1)
5.5 Summary: Peer equality between Ghana and Cameroon
248(1)
Chapter 6 Postcolonial hybrid structures and social interaction
249(26)
6.1 Language identities and linguistic in-groups
250(8)
6.1.1 Linguistic identities on ex-colonial languages
251(1)
6.1.2 Linguistic identities on ethnic languages
252(2)
6.1.3 Multilingualism and code-switching
254(2)
6.1.4 Linguistic victimisation and identity opportunism
256(2)
6.2 Ethnic or tribal in-group relationships
258(5)
6.2.1 Ethnicity as identity marker
259(1)
6.2.2 Ethnicity as a target for stereotyping
260(3)
6.3 Religious belonging
263(5)
6.3.1 Religion as a (moral) code of conduct
263(2)
6.3.2 Religion as a target of stigmatisation
265(1)
6.3.3 Religion as source of protection and healing
266(1)
6.3.4 Religion as an egalitarian social institution
267(1)
6.4 Social roles and collectivist expectations
268(4)
6.4.1 Kinship role expectations
269(1)
6.4.2 Age role expectations
270(1)
6.4.3 Occupational and professional role expectations
271(1)
6.4.4 Gender role expectations
272(1)
6.5 Summary: Hybrid, hybridising postcolonial systems
272(3)
Chapter 7 Conclusion: On offer-refusal communicative acts: General implications for future research
275(10)
7.1 Major findings and variation across societies
276(6)
7.2 Postcolonial pragmatics and future research
282(3)
References 285(12)
Appendix 1 Discourse Completion Task Questionnaire 297(2)
Appendix 2 Offer vertical structures in offer situation 1 299(4)
Appendix 3 Offer vertical structures in offer situation 2 303(4)
Appendix 4 Offer vertical structure in offer situation 3 307(2)
Appendix 5 Positions of offer head acts in communicative acts 309(2)
Name index 311(2)
Subject index 313
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