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E-grāmata: Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding

3.85/5 (21 ratings by Goodreads)
(University of Central Florida, USA)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Dec-2021
  • Izdevniecība: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781071816615
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Dec-2021
  • Izdevniecība: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781071816615
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"Crises occur every day: a viral outbreak threatens public health, a corporation lays off thousands of workers, an oil spill threatens an ecosystem. Such crisis can be devastating, resulting in tragic and sometimes fatal outcomes for individuals, organizations, the organizations' stakeholders, and even entire industries. Author W. Timothy Coombs explains how crisis management can prevent or reduce the threats of a crisis, providing guidelines for how best to act and react in an emergency situation. Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding, Sixth Edition provides an integrated approach to crisis communication that spans various disciplines as well as the entire crisis management process. Drawing on firsthand experience in crisis management, author W. Timothy Coombs uses a three-staged approach to crisis management - pre-crisis, crisis, and post-crisis. A truly integrative and comprehensive text, this book explains how crisis management can prevent or reduce the threats of a crisis,providing guidelines for how best to act and react in an emergency situation. The book includes new coverage of social media, social networking sites, and terrorist threats and draws upon recent work from management, public relations, organizational psychology, marketing, organizational communication, and computer-mediated communication research"--

Ongoing Crisis Communication: Planning, Managing, and Responding provides an integrated approach to crisis communication that spans the entire crisis management process and crosses various disciplines. A truly integrative and comprehensive text, this book explains how crisis management can prevent or reduce the threats of a crisis, providing guidelines for how best to act and react in an emergency situation. The Sixth Edition includes new coverage of artificial intelligence and risk management, social media, resilience training for the community, and draws upon recent work from management, public relations, organizational psychology, marketing, organizational communication, and computer-mediated communication research.

 
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
1 A Need for More Crisis Management Knowledge
1(20)
Crisis Management Defined
3(6)
Disaster Defined
3(1)
Public Health Crisis Defined
4(1)
Organizational Crisis Defined
4(4)
Crisis Management
8(1)
The Initial Crisis Management Framework
9(5)
Why a Life Cycle Approach to Crisis Management?
9(2)
Outline of the Three-Stage Approach
11(1)
Precrisis
11(1)
Crisis Event
11(1)
Postcrisis
12(1)
A More Advanced View: The Regenerative Model of Crisis
12(2)
Importance of Crisis Management
14(6)
Value of Social Evaluations
14(1)
Stakeholder Activism
15(1)
Digital Naturals
16(1)
Broader View of Crises
17(1)
Negligent Failure to Plan
17(1)
Employer Duty of Care
18(2)
Chapter Summary
20(1)
Discussion Questions
20(1)
2 Risk as the Foundation for Crisis Management and Crisis Communication
21(20)
Enterprise Risk Management
22(6)
Risk in the Organizational Context
28(11)
Stakeholders and Risk
29(3)
Issues Management
32(3)
Reputational Risk
35(4)
Chapter Summary
39(1)
Discussion Questions
39(2)
3 The Crisis Mitigation Process: Building Crisis-Resistant and Resilient Organizations
41(30)
Thinking About Risk Mitigation
42(4)
Known and Unknown Risks
42(1)
Al and Risk Management
43(1)
Paracrisis: Unique Risk Mitigation
44(1)
Boyd's OODA Loop: A Crisis Mitigation Process
45(1)
Application of the Boyd OODA Loop: Observe
46(7)
External
46(3)
Internal
49(4)
Running Example: Pampers
53(1)
Application of the Boyd OODA Loop: Orient
53(10)
Orient: Collect the Information
53(1)
Running Example: Pampers
53(1)
Orient: Analyze the Information
54(6)
Summary
60(2)
Running Example: Pampers
62(1)
Application of the Boyd OODA Loop: Decide and Act
63(6)
Decide: Make Choices
63(1)
Running Example: Pampers
63(1)
Act: Take Preventive Action
63(1)
Running Example: Pampers
64(5)
Chapter Summary
69(1)
Discussion Questions
69(2)
4 Crisis Preparing: Part I
71(34)
Diagnosing Crisis Threats: The Start of Preparing
71(5)
Risk as Foundation for Crisis Management and Communication
72(1)
Assessing Crisis Types
73(3)
Selecting a Crisis Management Team
76(10)
Functional Areas
77(1)
Interpersonal (Political) Skills
78(1)
Task Analysis
79(1)
Group Decision-Making
79(4)
Working as a Team
83(2)
Enacting the Crisis Communication Plan
85(1)
Listening
85(1)
Curiosity
85(1)
Implications for Crisis Management Team Selection
86(1)
Training a Crisis Management Team
86(8)
Applications for Training
87(3)
Improvisation's Relationship to Crisis Management Team Training
90(2)
Resilience: Training Beyond the Crisis Team
92(1)
Resilience Training for Employees
92(1)
Resilience Training for the Community
92(1)
Special Considerations
93(1)
Selecting and Training a Spokesperson
94(10)
The Spokesperson's Role
94(1)
Media-Specific Tasks of the Spokesperson
95(2)
Appearing Pleasant on Camera
97(2)
Answering Questions Effectively
99(1)
Presenting Crisis Information Clearly
99(2)
Handling Difficult Questions
101(1)
Spokespersons in a Digital World
101(3)
Chapter Summary
104(1)
Discussion Questions
104(1)
5 Crisis Preparing: Part II
105(26)
Developing a Crisis Communication Plan
105(8)
Value
105(2)
Components
107(6)
Beyond the Crisis Communication Plan
113(8)
Crisis Appendix
114(5)
The CCP Alone Is Not Enough
119(1)
Other Related Plans
120(1)
Reviewing the Crisis Communication System
121(4)
Mass Notification System
121(1)
Crisis Control Center
122(1)
Social Intranet: Internal Digital Platforms
123(2)
Stakeholder Preparation
125(5)
Chapter Summary
130(1)
Discussion Questions
130(1)
6 Recognizing Crises
131(24)
Selling the Crisis
133(8)
Crisis Framing: A Symbolic Response to Crises
133(1)
Crisis Dimensions
134(2)
Expertise of Top Management
136(1)
Persuasiveness of the Presentation
137(1)
Organizing the Persuasive Effort
138(1)
Resistance to Crises
139(2)
Crises and Information Needs
141(5)
Crises as Information Processing and Knowledge Management
141(1)
What You Need to Know
141(1)
Information Gathering
142(1)
Information Processing: The Known
142(1)
Information Processing Problems
143(1)
Serial Reproduction Errors
143(1)
The MUM Effect
143(1)
Message Overload
144(1)
Information Acquisition Bias
144(1)
Group Decision-Making Errors
145(1)
Summary
146(1)
Information-Processing Mechanisms
146(8)
Structural Elements
146(3)
Procedural Elements
149(3)
Training
152(2)
Chapter Summary
154(1)
Discussion Questions
154(1)
7 Crisis Responding
155(48)
Tactical Considerations: Form of the Crisis Response
155(9)
Responding Quickly
156(3)
Speaking With One Voice: Consistency
159(2)
Transparency: The New Openness
161(3)
A Strategic Focus: Crisis Communication as Strategic Communication
164(8)
The Target Audiences for Crisis Response Strategies
164(1)
Objectives: What Crisis Communication Hopes to Accomplish
165(3)
Communication Channels and Platforms for Crisis Communication
168(3)
The Sources for Crisis Communication
171(1)
How It All Comes Together
172(1)
Crisis Response Strategies: Adjusting and Instructing Information
172(8)
Instructing Information: Physical Harm
173(3)
Adjusting Information: Psychological Well-Being
176(3)
Pairing Instructing and Adjusting Information
179(1)
Crisis Response Strategies: Reputation Management Strategies
180(10)
Message Design: From Strategy to Tactics
188(1)
Tone of Voice
188(1)
Emotion in Messages
188(1)
Storytelling
189(1)
Transparency
189(1)
Accommodation Variations
189(1)
Message Design Summary
189(1)
Organizing the Messages
190(1)
Contextual Factors: Evaluating Reputational Threats
190(10)
Evaluating Crisis Threats
190(1)
Severity
190(1)
Offensiveness
191(1)
Contingency Theory
191(1)
SCCT
191(3)
Takeaway
194(1)
Specialized Audiences and Multiple Voices
194(2)
Crisis Engagement
196(4)
Chapter Summary
200(1)
Discussion Questions
201(2)
8 Postcrisis Concerns and Epilogue
203(30)
Continuing the Crisis Performance
203(7)
Continuity of Actions
204(1)
Memorials and Shrines
205(4)
The Big Picture
209(1)
Crisis Communication Evaluation and Refinement
210(8)
Crisis Management Performance Evaluation
210(1)
Data Collection
210(1)
Organizing and Analyzing the Crisis Management Performance Data
211(2)
Impact Evaluation
213(1)
Specific Measures: Assessing Objectives
214(1)
General Measures
215(3)
Knowledge Management: Organizational Memory and Learning
218(5)
Organizational Memory
218(1)
Organizational Learning
219(2)
Learning Beyond the Organization
221(1)
Knowledge Management: Connecting the Pieces
221(2)
Epilogue
223(7)
Musings: Taking an Evidence-Based Approach Seriously
223(1)
Musings: Simplicity, Complexity, and Effectiveness
224(1)
Musings: Time and Crises
225(2)
Threads
227(3)
Chapter Summary
230(1)
Discussion Questions
230(3)
Appendix: Possible Case Studies 233(10)
References 243(26)
Index 269(18)
About the Author 287
W. Timothy Coombs (PhD Purdue University in Public Affairs and Issues Management) is the George T and Glady H Abell Professor in Liberal Arts in Department of Communication at Texas A&M University.  His primary areas of research are crisis communication and CSR including the award-winning book Ongoing Crisis Communication. He is the current editor for Corporation Communication:  An International Journal.  His research has appeared in Management Communication Quarterly, Public Relations Review, Corporate Reputation Review, Journal of Public Relations Research, Journal of Communication Management, Business Horizons, and the Journal of Business Communication.