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E-grāmata: Open Source Archaeology: Ethics and Practice

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  • Formāts: 160 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Mar-2016
  • Izdevniecība: De Gruyter
  • ISBN-13: 9783110470635
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  • Formāts: 160 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 21-Mar-2016
  • Izdevniecība: De Gruyter
  • ISBN-13: 9783110470635

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Open Source Archaeology: Ethics and Practice' brings together authors and researchers in the field of open-source archaeology, defined as encompassing the ethical imperative for open public access to the results of publicly-funded research; practical solutions to open-data projects; open-source software applications in archaeology; public information sharing projects in archaeology; open-GIS; and the open-context system of data management and sharing. This edited volume is designed to discuss important issues around open access to data and software in academic and commercial archaeology, as well as to summarise both the current state of theoretical engagement, and technological development in the field of open-archaeology.

Ben Edwards Ben Edwards was trained in archaeology at the University of Durham, achieving his BA, MA and PhD. His first commercial work was for Archaeological Services, Durham University, before moving on to become a Lecturer in Archaeological Practice at the University of Liverpool, where he taught for three years. During this time Ben began his project management work, undertaking both commercial and research excavations, and survey projects. His teaching (archaeological practice and heritage management) proved to be an excellent basis from which to develop his professional expertise. Ben now lectures at Manchester Metropolitan University in Archaeology and Heritage. He currently researches open source software and hardware for use in the field, and advanced 3D surveying techniques.

Andrew Wilson Andrew Wilson was trained in archaeology at the University of Liverpool. Upon achieving his BA at the University, Andrew moved south to study Computer Applied Archaeology at the University of Southampton, where he was awarded an MSc. Andrew returned to the University of Liverpool where he has recently completed a PhD. During this time Andrew coordinated a number of projects both in the UK and Middle East, specialising in advanced surveying techniques of archaeological remains. Working in the the School of Computer Science, Bangor University Andrew has developed his keen interest in Open data policies and ethics. This interest was the starting point for this volume.
Acknowledgements ix
1 Open Archaeology: Definitions, Challenges and Context
1(5)
Benjamin Edwards
Andrew T. Wilson
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 `Open Source' Archaeology and `Open' Archaeology
1(1)
1.3 Open Source Archaeology
1(1)
1.4 Open Archaeology
2(1)
1.5 The Public Context of Open Access
2(2)
1.6 Open Ethics
4(1)
1.7 Outline of the Volume
5(1)
Bibliography
5(1)
2 Digital Haystacks: Open Data and the Transformation of Archaeological Knowledge
6(24)
Jeremy Huggett
2.1 Introduction
6(1)
2.2 Openness and Access
7(3)
2.3 Openness and Reuse
10(3)
2.4 Approaches to Open Data
13(2)
2.5 From Data to Knowledge?
15(2)
2.6 From Knowledge to Data?
17(2)
2.7 Putting the `Capta' Back into Data?
19(2)
2.8 Transforming Knowledge?
21(3)
2.9 Open Data is for Sharing
24(6)
Bibliography
26(4)
3 Here Today, Gone Tomorrow: Open Access, Open Data and Digital Preservation
30(14)
Ray Moore
Julian Richards
3.1 Introduction
30(1)
3.2 Sharing Data: The `Traditional' Treatment of Archaeological Data
31(5)
3.3 Accessing Data: The Case of the Archaeology Data Service
36(4)
3.4 Conclusion
40(4)
Bibliography
41(3)
4 Community-Driven Approaches to Open Source Archaeological Imaging
44(20)
Gareth Beale
Nicole Beale
4.1 Introduction
44(2)
4.1.1 Using Case Studies
45(1)
4.2 Technological Innovation: New Development Models
46(2)
4.3 Introducing the Methodology
48(2)
4.3.1 Reflectance Transformation Imaging
48(1)
4.3.2 Photogrammetry
48(1)
4.3.3 Assessing the Benefits of Open Source Imaging Methodologies
49(1)
4.4 Community Methodologies and Technological Uptake
50(2)
4.4.1 Development Model Alternatives
50(1)
4.4.2 Ensuring Meaningful Software Access
51(1)
4.5 Case Study One: Basing House Community, Archaeology and Technology Project
52(3)
4.5.1 Skills Sharing
54(1)
4.5.2 Experimental Atmosphere
54(1)
4.5.3 Basing House Conclusions
55(1)
4.6 Case Study Two: Re-Reading the British Memorial
55(6)
4.6.1 Adaptive Methodologies
57(2)
4.6.2 Decentralised Approach
59(1)
4.6.3 Project Sustainability
59(1)
4.6.4 Recognising Skills
59(2)
4.6.5 Re-Reading the British Memorial Project Conclusions
61(1)
4.7 Conclusion
61(3)
Bibliography
62(2)
5 Open Source GIS Geospatial Software for Archaeology: Towards its Integration into Everyday Archaeological Practice
64(19)
Hector Orengo
5.1 Introduction
64(2)
5.2 What is Open Source Software?
66(1)
5.3 Why Use Open Source GIS?
66(3)
5.4 Problems with Open Source GIS
69(1)
5.5 Common Misconceptions Regarding Commercial and Open-Source Software
70(3)
5.6 Which Open-Source Desktop GIS is more Convenient?
73(6)
5.6.1 GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) GIS
73(2)
5.6.2 QGIS (Formerly Known as Quantum GIS)
75(1)
5.6.3 SAGA (System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses) GIS
76(1)
5.6.4 gvSIG (Generalitat Valenciana Sistema d'Informacio Geografica)
76(2)
5.6.5 Other Open Source Geospatial Software
78(1)
5.7 Open Geospatial Data?
79(1)
5.8 Conclusions
80(3)
Bibliography
81(2)
6 What was Published is as Important as How it was Published
83(9)
Lolita Nikolova
6.1 Introduction
83(1)
6.2 Open Access and Global Society
83(4)
6.3 Open Access, Archaeology and Ethics
87(1)
6.4 Conclusions
88(1)
6.5 The Future
89(3)
Bibliography
90(2)
7 Free and Open Source Software in Commercial and Academic Archaeology
92(19)
Benjamin Ducke
7.1 Introduction
92(2)
7.2 Selected Aspects of F/OSS
94(3)
7.2.1 Open Source Economics
94(2)
7.2.2 Social Dynamics of F/OSS
96(1)
7.3 F/OSS in Research
97(5)
7.3.1 Publish (Your Source Code) or Perish!
98(2)
7.3.2 Reproducible Research
100(1)
7.3.3 Data-Centric Research
100(2)
7.4 Case Studies
102(5)
7.4.1 Oxford Archaeology Digital: F/OSS Migration in the Workplace
102(2)
7.4.2 gvSIG and gvSIG CE: The Role of Social Capital in F/OSS
104(2)
7.4.3 Survey Tools: F/OSS for Field Archaeology
106(1)
7.5 Conclusions
107(4)
Bibliography
109(2)
8 Building the Bazaar: Enhancing Archaeological Field Recording Through an Open Source Approach
111(19)
Shawn Ross
Brian Ballsun-Stanton
Adela Sobotkova
Penny Crook
8.1 Introduction
111(1)
8.2 FAIMS: Overview and History of the Project
111(3)
8.3 The State of Play: Sharing in the World of Archaeology
114(6)
8.3.1 Archaeologists and Open Source Software
114(2)
8.3.2 The Ethos of Sharing in the Archaeological Community
116(1)
8.3.3 Creating and Sharing Repurposable Digital Data
117(3)
8.4 Open Source Beyond Software
120(3)
8.4.1 Free-as-in-beer and Free-as in Speech: Open Source Paradigms for Scholarship
120(1)
8.4.2 The GitHub Revolution
121(2)
8.5 New Applications of Open Source Techniques
123(4)
8.5.1 Open Source Approaches to the Development of Recording Systems
123(2)
8.5.2 Improving Sustainability through Reuse and Redeployment
125(1)
8.5.3 Improving Archaeological Practice through Dataset Interoperability
126(1)
8.6 Conclusion
127(3)
Bibliography
128(2)
9 Archaeological Experiences with Free and Open Source Geographic Information Systems and Geospatial Freeware: Implementation and Usage Examples in the Compliance, Education, and Research Sectors
130(17)
Joshua Wells
Christopher Parr
Stephen Yerka
9.1 Introduction
130(1)
9.2 What Geographic Information Systems and Free and Open Source Software are not
131(2)
9.3 What does Open Source mean in GIS
133(2)
9.3.1 Pros and Cons
133(1)
9.3.2 Software Application Summaries
133(2)
9.4 Use Case One: FOSS GIS with Heritage Management Data
135(2)
9.5 Use Case Two: FOSS GIS and Archival Management at the VAARNG Curation Facility
137(3)
9.6 Use Case Three: FOSS GIS in the University
140(3)
9.6.1 GIS Classes
141(1)
9.6.2 Introductory and Advanced Archaeology Classes
142(1)
9.6.3 Archaeological Field Schools and Other Research
142(1)
9.7 Conclusion
143(4)
Bibliography
144(3)
List of Figures 147(1)
List of Tables 148(1)
Index 149
Andrew. T. Wilson, University of Liverpool Ben Edwards, Manchester Metropolitan University