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E-grāmata: Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery of the Upper Face: Eyelid Ptosis, Dermatochalasis, and Eyebrow Ptosis

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  • Formāts: 288 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Oct-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781638535836
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Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery of the Upper Face: Eyelid Ptosis, Dermatochalasis, and Eyebrow PtosisPalielināt
  • Formāts: 288 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Oct-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781638535836
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The definitive resource on cutting-edge oculoplastic surgery of the upper face, eyelids, and eyebrows

While an estimated 1.5 million brow and upper eyelid surgery procedures are performed worldwide each year, this book is the first published ophthalmologic text with detailed coverage focused solely on this topic. Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery of the Upper Face: Eyelid Ptosis, Dermatochalasis, and Eyebrow Ptosis by distinguished oculofacial plastic surgeons and educators Michael A. Burnstine, Steven C. Dresner, David B. Samimi, Helen A. Merritt, and an impressive group of international experts fills a void in the literature. The succinct, richly illustrated text covers classification, anatomy, evaluation, and a wide spectrum of surgical approaches for each condition. Surgical videos are included.

Organized by 7 sections and 39 chapters, the book begins with clinical assessment of patients who present with upper eyelid and eyebrow conditions, followed by evidenced-based treatment protocols. All procedural chapters follow a consistent format, enabling readers to classify problems, review surgical steps, and consider key issues associated with each condition and corrective procedure. Mechanical, involutional, neurogenic, myogenic, and syndromic blepharoptoses detailed in Sections 2 to 6 include etiology, diagnosis, management, and diverse state-of-the-art resection, repair, lift, fill, and augmentation techniques.

Key Features

  • Each procedural chapter includes an introduction, risks, benefits, informed consent, indications, relative contraindications, a preoperative checklist, required instrumentation, a step-by-step approach for surgeons beginning their career, and refined tips for more experienced surgeons.
  • High quality full-color operative photographs enhance knowledge of the most salient operative steps, while before and after photos demonstrate the evidence-based efficacy of each surgery.
  • Chapters focused on brow surgery detail a full range of surgical and nonsurgical approaches&;from contouring options and direct elevation to fillers and neuromodulators.

This is a must-have surgical resource for ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and plastic surgery residents and practitioners. The highly practical, reader-friendly text facilitates greater understanding of the clinical implications of each ophthalmic surgery approach, thereby helping surgeons achieve improved cosmetic results.

This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Foreword xx
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxii
Contributors xxiii
Section I Introduction
1 Ptosis Classification
2(11)
Michael A. Burnstine
1.1 introduction
2(1)
1.2 Ptosis Classification
2(1)
1.3 Preoperative Assessment
2(3)
1.3.1 History of Present Illness
2(1)
1.3.2 Physical Examination
3(2)
1.4 Upper Eyelid Ptosis Classification
5(5)
1.4.1 Aponeurotic Ptosis
5(1)
1.4.2 Myogenic Ptosis
6(3)
1.4.3 Mechanical Ptosis
9(1)
1.4.4 Neurogenic Ptosis
10(1)
1.4.5 Pseudoptosis
10(1)
1.5 Eyebrow Ptosis Classification
10(1)
1.6 Clinical Decision-Making
11(1)
1.7 Photographing the Patient
11(1)
1.8 Informed Consent
12(1)
1.9 Principles of Surgical Correction
12(1)
1.10 When Not to Operate
12(1)
1.11 Postoperative Complications
12(1)
1.12 Aesthetic Concerns for Upper Eyelid and Eyebrow Rejuvenation
12(1)
References
12(1)
2 Aesthetic Anatomy of the Upper Face
13(13)
Mica Y. Bergman
Margaret L. Pfeiffer
2.1 Introduction
13(1)
2.2 Skin
13(1)
2.3 Subcutaneous Tissue and Fat Compartments
14(1)
2.4 Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System
15(1)
2.5 Retaining Ligaments, Canthal Tendons, and Orbital Septum
15(1)
2.6 Mimetic Muscles and Eyelid Retractors
16(2)
2.7 Deep Fat Compartments
18(1)
2.8 Nervous Innervation to the Upper Eyelid and Forehead
18(2)
2.8.1 Sensory
18(2)
2.8.2 Motor
20(1)
2.9 Blood Supply
20(1)
2.9.1 Forehead
20(1)
2.9.2 Eyelid
21(1)
2.10 Lymphatic Drainage
21(1)
2.10.1 Forehead
21(1)
2.10.2 Eyelid
21(1)
2.11 Unique Considerations for the Upper Facial Surgeon: Facial Danger Zones
22(1)
2.12 Unique Anatomical Considerations for the Eyelid Surgeon
22(3)
2.12.1 Anterior Lamella
22(1)
2.12.2 Middle Lamella
23(1)
2.12.3 Posterior Lamella
23(1)
2.12.4 Eye Protective Mechanisms
23(2)
References
25(1)
3 Anatomic Considerations in the Aesthetic Surgery of the Upper Face
26(6)
Maria Suzanne Sabundayo
Hirohiko Kakizaki
3.1 Introduction
26(1)
3.2 Racial Differences
26(3)
3.2.1 Eyelid Skin
26(1)
3.2.2 Upper Eyelid Crease
27(1)
3.2.3 Epicanthal Fold
27(2)
3.2.4 Tarsal Plate
29(1)
3.2.5 Eyebrow Height and Contour
29(1)
3.3 Gender Differences
29(1)
3.3.1 Eyelid Skin
29(1)
3.3.2 Eyelid Dimensions
29(1)
3.3.3 Eyebrow Height and Contour
29(1)
3.4 Conclusions
29(1)
References
30(2)
Section II Mechanical Ptosis
4 Mechanical Ptosis: Etiology and Management
32(5)
Eric B. Hamill
Michael T. Yen
4.1 Introduction
32(1)
4.2 Benign Eyelid Lesions
32(1)
4.3 Malignant Eyelid Lesions
33(1)
4.4 Orbital Lesions
34(1)
4.5 Periorbital Infections and Inflammation
34(1)
4.6 Other Considerations
35(1)
4.7 Summary
36(1)
References
36(1)
5 Upper Blepharoplasty
37(5)
David B. Samimi
5.1 Introduction
37(1)
5.2 Goals of Treatment
37(1)
5.3 Risks
38(1)
5.4 Benefits
38(1)
5.5 informed Consent
38(1)
5.6 Indications
38(1)
5.7 Contraindications
38(1)
5.8 The Procedure
38(3)
5.8.1 Preoperative Checklist
38(1)
5.8.2 Instruments Needed
38(1)
5.8.3 Sutures Used
39(1)
5.8.4 Operative Technique: Step by Step
39(1)
5.8.5 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
40(1)
5.8.6 Postoperative Care Checklist
41(1)
5.9 Complications and Their Management
41(1)
References
41(1)
6 Double Eyelid Surgery
42(7)
Michael A. Bumstine
6.1 Introduction
42(1)
6.2 Anatomical Considerations
42(2)
6.2.1 The Eyelid Crease and Fold
42(1)
6.2.2 The Medical Canthal Area
42(2)
6.2.3 The Lateral Canthal Area
44(1)
6.3 Goals of intervention/Indications
44(1)
6.4 Risks of the Procedure
44(1)
6.5 Benefits of the Procedure
44(1)
6.6 Informed Consent
44(1)
6.7 Contraindications
44(1)
6.8 The Procedure
44(3)
6.8.1 Instruments Needed
44(1)
6.8.2 Preoperative Checklist
44(1)
6.8.3 The Operative Technique
44(2)
6.8.4 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
46(1)
6.8.5 Postoperative Care Checklist
46(1)
6.9 Complications and Their Management
47(1)
6.10 Alternative Approaches to Double Eyelid Surgery
47(6)
References
53
7 A Guide to Eyebrow Contouring Options
49(5)
David B. Samimi
7.1 Introduction
49(1)
7.2 Evolving Trends in Brow Beauty
49(1)
7.2.1 History of Eyebrow Aesthetics
49(1)
7.2.2 Volume and Facial Aging
49(1)
7.2.3 Eyebrow Height and Proportions
49(1)
7.3 Patient Assessment
50(1)
7.3.1 History
50(1)
7.3.2 Physical Exam Checklist
51(1)
7.4 Risks of Surgery
51(1)
7.5 Choosing the Best Procedure/Physician Decision-Making
51(1)
7.6 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
52(2)
7.6.1 Upper Eyelid Considerations
52(1)
7.6.2 The Role of Nonsurgical Adjuncts
52(1)
7.6.3 Managing Asymmetry
52(1)
7.6.4 Minimizing Hair Loss
52(2)
8 Direct Eyebrow Elevation
54(5)
Nathan W. Blessing
Wendy W. Lee
8.1 Introduction
54(1)
8.2 Relevant Anatomy
54(1)
8.3 Goals of Intervention, Indications, and Benefits of the Procedure
55(1)
8.4 Risks of the Procedure
55(1)
8.5 Preoperative Considerations and Patient Selection
56(1)
8.6 Informed Consent
56(1)
8.7 Relative Contraindications
56(1)
8.8 Procedure
57(1)
8.8.1 Instrumentation
57(1)
8.8.2 Preoperative Checklist
57(1)
8.8.3 Operative Technique
57(1)
8.8.4 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
58(1)
8.8.5 Postoperative Care
58(1)
8.9 Complications and Their Management
58(1)
References
58(1)
9 Internal Eyebrow Lift
59(6)
Ana F. Duarte
Alice V. Pereira
Juan A. Delgado
Martin H. Devoto
9.1 Introduction
59(1)
9.2 Anatomic Considerations of the Upper Facial Continuum
59(1)
9.3 Goals of Intervention
59(1)
9.4 Risks
59(1)
9.5 Benefits
60(1)
9.6 Informed Consent
60(1)
9.7 Indications
60(1)
9.8 Contraindications
60(1)
9.9 Patient Assessment
60(1)
9.9.1 Medical History
60(1)
9.9.2 Ophthalmic History
60(1)
9.9.3 Ophthalmic Examination
61(1)
9.9.4 Anatomic Evaluation: The Eyelid and Eyebrow Subunits
61(1)
9.10 Preoperative Checklist
61(1)
9.11 The Procedure
61(2)
9.11.1 Instrumentation Needed
61(1)
9.11.2 Sutures
61(1)
9.11.3 Operative Technique
61(2)
9.12 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
63(1)
9.13 Postoperative Care Checklist
63(1)
9.14 Complications and Their management
63(1)
9.14.1 Bleeding
63(1)
9.14.2 Infection
63(1)
9.14.3 Nerve Damage
63(1)
9.14.4 Postoperative Lagophthalmos and Dry Eye
63(1)
9.14.5 Residual Aesthetic Deformity
63(1)
9.14.6 Skin Dimpling
64(1)
9.15 Summary
64(1)
References
64(1)
10 Midforehead Browlift Technique
65(5)
Krishnapriya Kalyam
John B. Holds
10.1 Introduction
65(1)
10.2 Goals of intervention indications
65(1)
10.3 Risks of the Procedure
65(1)
10.4 Benefits of the Procedure
65(1)
10.5 Informed Consent
65(1)
10.6 Contraindications
65(1)
10.7 Preoperative Assessment
65(1)
10.8 The Procedure
65(2)
10.8.1 Instruments Needed
65(1)
10.8.2 Operative Technique
66(1)
10.9 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
67(1)
10.10 Postoperative Care Checklist
67(2)
10.11 Complications and Their Management
69(1)
10.12 Conclusion
69(1)
References
69(1)
11 Open Coronal Pretrichial Browlift Surgery
70(11)
Wesley L. Brundridge
Hans B. Heymann
Christopher M. DeBacker
David E.E. Holck
11.1 introduction
70(1)
11.2 Unique Anatomical Considerations in Coronal Brow Lifting
70(1)
11.2.1 The Eyebrow
70(1)
11.2.2 The Anatomic Layers
70(1)
11.2.3 The Muscles of Elevation and Depression
70(1)
11.2.4 The Sensory Supply
70(1)
11.2.5 The Facial Nerve
71(1)
11.2.6 The Vascular Supply
71(1)
11.3 Patient Evaluation
71(1)
11.3.1 Forehead Length and Contour
71(1)
11.3.2 Eyebrow Shape and Contour
71(1)
11.3.3 Forehead Rhytids
71(1)
11.3.4 Nasal Root
71(1)
11.4 Goals of Intervention/Indications
71(1)
11.5 Risks of the Procedure
71(1)
11.6 Benefits of the Procedure
72(1)
11.7 Contraindications
72(1)
11.8 Informed Consent
72(1)
11.9 The Procedure
72(6)
11.9.1 Instruments Needed
72(1)
11.9.2 Sutures Used
72(1)
11.9.3 Preoperative Checklist
73(1)
11.9.4 The Operative Technique
73(5)
11.10 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
78(1)
11.11 Postoperative Care Checklist
78(1)
11.12 Complications and Their Management
79(1)
11.12.1 Expanding Hematoma
79(1)
11.12.2 Scarring
79(1)
11.12.3 Postoperative Brow Asymmetry
79(1)
11.12.4 Facial Nerve Damage
79(1)
11.12.5 Scalp and Forehead Numbness
79(1)
11.12.6 Alopecia
79(1)
11.13 Alternative Approaches to the Open Browlift
79(1)
References
80(1)
Bibliography
80(1)
12 Pretrichial Temporal Browlift
81(3)
John J. Martin Jr
12.1 Introduction
81(1)
12.2 Goals of Intervention/Indications
81(1)
12.3 Risks of Procedure
81(1)
12.4 Benefits of Procedure
81(1)
12.5 Contraindications
81(1)
12.6 Informed Consent
81(1)
12.7 Preoperative Evaluation
81(1)
12.8 The Procedure
82(1)
12.8.1 Instrumentation
82(1)
12.8.2 Preoperative Checklist
82(1)
12.8.3 Surgical Technique
82(1)
12.9 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
82(1)
12.10 Postoperative Care Checklist
83(1)
12.11 Complications
83(1)
12.11.1 Scarring
83(1)
12.11.2 Suture Granuloma
83(1)
12.11.3 Undercorrection
83(1)
12.11.4 Overcorrection
83(1)
12.12 Conclusion
83(1)
References
83(1)
13 Minimally Invasive Su-Por-Suture Temporal Brow Suspension: The Lift and Fill Technique
84(5)
Michael A. Burnstine
13.1 Introduction
84(1)
13.2 Goals of Intervention/Indications
84(1)
13.2.1 Risks of the Procedure
84(1)
13.2.2 Benefits of the Procedure
84(1)
13.2.3 Informed Consent
84(1)
13.3 Contraindications
84(1)
13.4 The Procedure
84(3)
13.4.1 Instruments Needed
84(1)
13.4.2 Preoperative Checklist
85(1)
13.4.3 Operative Technique
85(2)
13.5 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
87(1)
13.6 Postoperative Care Checklist
88(1)
13.7 Complications and Their Management
88(1)
References
88(1)
14 Endoscopic Upper Face and Eyebrow Lifting
89(8)
Francesco P. Bernardini
Alessandro Gennai
David B. Samimi
14.1 Introduction
89(1)
14.2 Goals of Intervention
89(1)
14.3 Risks
90(1)
14.4 Informed Consent
90(1)
14.5 Indications
90(1)
14.6 Contraindications
90(1)
14.7 The Procedure
91(3)
14.7.1 Preoperative Checklist
91(1)
14.7.2 Instruments Needed
91(1)
14.7.3 Closure
91(1)
14.7.4 Local Anesthetic
91(1)
14.7.5 Fat Grafting
91(1)
14.7.6 Incision Placement
92(1)
14.7.7 Operative Technique
92(2)
14.8 Postoperative Care Checklist
94(1)
14.9 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
94(1)
14.10 Complications and Their Management
95(1)
14.11 Conclusions
96(1)
References
96(1)
15 Nonsurgical Management Techniques: Fillers and Neuromodulators
97(8)
Jean Carruthers
Helen A. Merritt
15.1 Introduction
97(1)
15.2 Properties of Botulinum Toxins and Periocular Fillers
97(2)
15.2.1 Botulinum Toxin Properties
97(1)
15.2.2 Periocular Fillers Properties
97(2)
15.3 Single Therapy and Combination Treatments in the Upper Face
99(3)
15.3.1 Glabellar Frown Lines
99(1)
15.3.2 Crow's-Feet
100(1)
15.3.3 Horizontal Forehead Lines
100(1)
15.3.4 Brow Lifting and Shaping
101(1)
15.3.5 Hypertrophic Orbicularis Oculi
102(1)
15.3.6 Midface
102(1)
15.3.7 Temple
102(1)
15.4 Conclusion
102(1)
References
103(2)
16 Fat Augmentation of the Brow
105(5)
Juliana Gildener-Leapman
Morris E. Hartstein
16.1 Introduction
105(1)
16.2 Goals of Intervention
106(1)
16.3 Risks of Fat Grafting
106(1)
16.4 Benefits of Fat Grafting
106(1)
16.5 Informed Consent
106(1)
16.6 Indications
106(1)
16.7 Contraindications
106(1)
16.8 Preoperative Checklist
106(1)
16.8.1 Instrumentation
106(1)
16.8.2 Operative Technique: Step by Step
106(1)
16.9 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
107(1)
16.10 Postoperative Care Checklist
107(1)
16.11 Complications and Their Management
107(1)
16.12 Conclusion
108(1)
References
108(2)
Section III Involutional Ptosis
17 Involutional Ptosis: Etiology and Management
110(4)
Farzad Pakdel
Helen A. Merritt
17.1 Introduction
110(1)
17.2 Etiology
110(1)
17.3 Clinical Presentation
111(1)
17.4 Evaluation
111(2)
17.4.1 Evaluation of Eyelid
112(1)
17.5 Management
113(1)
References
113(1)
18 External Levator Advancement with Orbicularis-Sparing Technique
114(7)
Magdalene Y.L. Ting
Jessica R. Chang
Sandy Zhang-Nunes
18.1 Introduction/Goals of Intervention
114(1)
18.2 Risks
114(1)
18.3 Benefits
114(1)
18.4 Informed Consent
115(1)
18.5 Indications
115(1)
18.6 Relative Contraindications
115(1)
18.7 The Procedure
115(2)
18.7.1 Preoperative Checklist
115(1)
18.7.2 Instruments Needed
115(1)
18.7.3 Sutures Used
115(1)
18.7.4 The Operative Technique: Step by Step
115(2)
18.8 Postoperative Care Checklist
117(1)
18.9 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
118(1)
18.10 Complications and Their Management
119(1)
18.10.1 Undercorrection
119(1)
18.10.2 Overcorrection
119(1)
18.10.3 Lagophthalmos
120(1)
18.10.4 Unsatisfactory Eyelid Contour or Eyelid Crease Asymmetry
120(1)
18.10.5 Wound Infection
120(1)
18.10.6 Retrobulbar Hemorrhage
120(1)
18.11 Conclusion
120(1)
References
120(1)
19 Small Incision Anterior Levator Advancement
121(4)
Mark J. Lucarelli
19.1 Introduction
121(1)
19.2 Goals/Indications
121(1)
19.3 Risks of the Procedure
121(1)
19.4 Benefits of the Procedure
121(1)
19.5 Contraindications
121(1)
19.5.1 Absolute Contraindications
121(1)
19.5.2 Relative Contraindications
121(1)
19.6 Informed Consent
121(1)
19.7 The Procedure
121(2)
19.7.1 Instruments Needed
121(1)
19.7.2 Preoperative Checklist
121(1)
19.7.3 Operative Technique
122(1)
19.8 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
123(1)
19.9 Postoperative Care Checklist
123(1)
19.10 Complications and Their Management
123(1)
References
124(1)
20 Muller's Muscle-Conjunctival Resection
125(8)
Allen M. Putterman
20.1 introduction
125(1)
20.2 Special Preoperative Considerations
125(1)
20.2.1 Margin Reflex Distance 1
125(1)
20.2.2 Phenylephrine Test
125(1)
20.2.3 Determining the Amount of Muller's Muscle-Conjunctival Resection
125(1)
20.3 Risks
126(1)
20.4 Benefits
126(1)
20.5 Informed Consent
126(1)
20.6 Contraindications
126(1)
20.7 Instrumentation
126(1)
20.8 Preoperative Checklist
126(1)
20.9 Operative Technique
126(3)
20.10 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
129(1)
20.11 Postoperative Management
130(1)
20.12 Complications and Their Management
131(1)
20.12.1 Several complications can occur from an MMCR.
133
20.13 Acknowledgment
131(1)
References
132(1)
21 Dresner's Modification of Mailer's Muscle-Conjunctival Resection
133(4)
Steven C. Dresner
Margaret L. Pfeiffer
21.1 Introduction
133(1)
21.2 Indications
133(1)
21.3 Risks
133(1)
21.4 Benefits
133(1)
21.5 Informed Consent
133(1)
21.6 Contraindications
133(1)
21.7 Instrumentation
133(1)
21.8 Preoperative Checklist
134(1)
21.9 Operative Technique
134(1)
21.10 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
135(1)
21.11 Results
135(1)
21.12 Complications and Their Management
136(1)
21.13 Conclusion
136(1)
References
136(1)
22 Posterior White Line Advancement
137(9)
Katja Ullrich
Raman Malhotra
22.1 Introduction
137(1)
22.2 Relevant Anatomy
137(1)
22.3 Indications
137(1)
22.4 Risks
137(1)
22.5 Benefits
138(1)
22.6 Informed Consent
138(1)
22.7 Contraindications
138(1)
22.8 Instrumentation
138(1)
22.9 Preoperative Checklist
138(1)
22.10 Operative Technique
138(2)
22.10.1 The White Line Advancement for Aponeurotic Ptosis
138(2)
22.10.2 Levatorpexy for Congenital Ptosis
140(1)
22.11 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
140(4)
22.12 Complications and Their Management
144(1)
22.13 Conclusions
145(1)
References
145(1)
23 The Fasanella-Servat Procedure
146(4)
Steven C. Dresner
Margaret L. Pfeiffer
23.1 Introduction
146(1)
23.2 Indications
146(1)
23.3 Risks
146(1)
23.4 Benefits
146(1)
23.5 Informed Consent
146(1)
23.6 Contraindications
146(1)
23.7 Instruments Needed
146(1)
23.8 Preoperative Checklist
147(1)
23.9 Operative Technique
147(1)
23.10 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
148(1)
23.11 Results
148(1)
23.12 Complications and Their Management
148(1)
23.13 Conclusion
149(1)
References
149(1)
24 Combined Upper Blepharoplasty and Ptosis Repair
150(5)
Steven C. Dresner
Eric B. Hamill
Margaret L. Pfeiffer
24.1 Introduction
150(1)
24.2 Clinical Evaluation and Indications for Surgery
150(1)
24.3 Combined Miilier's Muscle-Conjunctival Resection and Blepharoplasty
150(1)
24.4 Combined Fasanella-Servat and Blepharoplasty
150(1)
24.5 Combined Levator Aponeurotic Advancement and Blepharoplasty
151(2)
24.5.1 Indications
151(1)
24.5.2 Contraindications
151(1)
24.5.3 Instrumentation
151(1)
24.5.4 Preoperative Checklist
151(1)
24.5.5 Operative Technique
151(2)
24.6 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
153(1)
24.7 Postoperative Management
154(1)
24.8 Complications and Their Management
154(1)
25 Floppy Eyelid Syndrome Repair with Concomitant Ptosis Repair
155(5)
Krishnapriya Kalyam
John B. Holds
25.1 Introduction
155(1)
25.2 Goals of Intervention/Indications
155(1)
25.2.1 Risks of the Procedure
155(1)
25.2.2 Benefits of the Procedure
155(1)
25.3 Informed Consent
155(1)
25.4 Contraindications
155(1)
25.5 Preoperative Assessment
156(1)
25.6 Operative Technique
156(1)
25.6.1 Instruments Needed
156(1)
25.6.2 Surgical Technique
156(1)
25.7 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
157(1)
25.8 Postoperative Care Checklist
157(2)
25.9 Complications
159(1)
References
159(1)
26 Management of Lacrimal Gland Prolapse
160(6)
John D. Ng
Jennifer Murdock
26.1 Introduction and Anatomy
160(1)
26.2 Goals of Intervention
160(1)
26.3 Risks
160(1)
26.4 Benefits
161(1)
26.5 Contraindications
161(1)
26.5.1 Surgical Procedure
161(1)
26.5.2 Instruments Needed
161(1)
26.5.3 Operative Technique: Step by Step
161(1)
26.6 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
161(1)
26.7 Postoperative Management and Complications
162(1)
References
163(3)
Section IV Myogenic Ptosis
27 Myogenic Ptosis: Etiology and Management
166(3)
Jessica R. Chang
27.1 Introduction
166(1)
27.2 Static Myogenic Ptosis
166(1)
27.3 Progressive Myogenic Ptosis
166(1)
References
167(2)
28 Static Myogenic Ptosis: Evaluation and Management
169(9)
Jeremy Tan
Jill A. Foster
28.1 Introduction
169(1)
28.2 Causes and Syndromic Associations of Static Myopathic Ptosis
169(4)
28.2.1 Isolated Congenital Ptosis
169(1)
28.2.2 Static Myopathic Ptosis with Associated Periocular Anomalies
170(1)
28.2.3 Congenital Ptosis with Aberrant Innervation
171(2)
28.2.4 Trauma
173(1)
28.3 History
173(1)
28.3.1 Personal History of Ptosis
173(1)
28.3.2 Family History of Ptosis
173(1)
28.4 The Physical Examination
174(1)
28.4.1 The Eyelid and Adnexal Examination
174(1)
28.4.2 The Eye Examination
174(1)
28.5 Management
174(2)
28.5.1 Observation
174(1)
28.5.2 Timing of Surgical Intervention
174(1)
28.5.3 The Surgical Approach
175(1)
28.6 Conclusions
176(1)
References
176(2)
29 Surgical Management of Levator Function Less Than 4 mm
178(7)
Peter J. Dolman
29.1 Introduction
178(1)
29.2 History of Frontalis Sling
178(1)
29.2.1 Patterns of Sling
178(1)
29.2.2 Sling Materials
179(1)
29.2.3 Fixation of Sling to Eyelid Tarsus
179(1)
29.3 Indications
179(1)
29.4 Consequences
179(1)
29.5 Unique Considerations in Frontalis Suspension
179(2)
29.5.1 Congenital Cases
179(1)
29.5.2 Acquired Cases
180(1)
29.6 Risks of the Procedure
181(1)
29.7 Benefits of the Procedure
181(1)
29.8 Relative Contraindications
181(1)
29.9 Informed Consent
181(1)
29.10 The Procedure
181(2)
29.10.1 Surgical Supplies and Equipment
181(1)
29.10.2 Preoperative Checklist
181(1)
29.10.3 Operative Technique
181(2)
29.11 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
183(1)
29.12 Postoperative Care Checklist
183(1)
29.13 Complications and Their Management
183(1)
29.13.1 Early Complications
183(1)
29.13.2 Late Complications
184(1)
References
184(1)
30 Surgical Management of Static Congenital Ptosis with Levator Function between 4 and 10 mm
185(6)
Jeremy Tan
Jill A. Foster
30.1 Introduction
185(1)
30.2 The Anatomy of the Eyelid Crease
185(1)
30.3 Preoperative Assessment
185(1)
30.3.1 Indications
185(1)
30.3.2 Consequences of Levator Resection
185(1)
30.3.3 Risks of the Procedure
185(1)
30.3.4 Benefits of the Procedure
186(1)
30.3.5 Relative Contraindications
186(1)
30.3.6 Alternatives
186(1)
30.4 Informed Consent
186(1)
30.5 Instrumentation
186(1)
30.6 The Levator Resection Procedure
186(2)
30.7 Expert Tips/Pearls/SuggestIons
188(1)
30.8 Postoperative Care
189(1)
30.9 Complications and Their Management
189(1)
30.10 Conclusion
190(1)
References
190(1)
31 Progressive Myogenic Ptosis: Evaluation and Management
191(5)
Liat Attas-Fox
Francois Codere
31.1 Introduction
191(1)
31.2 Causes of Progressive Myopathic Ptosis
191(2)
31.2.1 Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy
191(1)
31.2.2 Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia
191(1)
31.2.3 Myotonic Dystrophies
192(1)
31.2.4 The Masquerader of Progressive Myopathic Ptosis
192(1)
31.3 History and Physical Examination
193(1)
31.3.1 The History
193(1)
31.3.2 Physical Examination
193(1)
31.4 Management of Progressive Myopathic Ptosis
194(1)
31.4.1 Timing of Repair
194(1)
31.4.2 Our Workhorse Procedure
194(1)
31.5 Conclusions
194(1)
References
194(2)
32 Syndromic Blepharoptoses
196(10)
Christine Greer
Michael A. Burnstine
Diana K. Lee
Jonathan W. Kim
32.1 Introduction
196(1)
32.2 Aberrant Innervation Syndromes
196(1)
32.3 Static Myopathic Ptoses Involving the Extraocular Muscles
196(1)
32.4 Myopathlc Ptoses that Affect the Levator and Other Muscle Groups Presenting In Childhood
196(1)
32.5 Progressive Myopathic Ptoses Seen in Adulthood
196(1)
32.6 Management and Conclusions
196(7)
References
203(3)
33 Neurogenic Ptosis: Diagnosis and Management
206(12)
Kimberly K. Gokoffski
Vivek R. Patel
33.1 Introduction
206(1)
33.2 Neuroanatomic Considerations
206(1)
33.2.1 Cortical and Supranuclear Pathways
206(1)
33.2.2 Oculomotor Nerve
206(1)
33.2.3 Oculosympathetic Pathway
206(1)
33.2.4 Neuromuscular Junction
207(1)
33.3 Localization
207(4)
33.3.1 Supranuclear/Cortical Localization
207(1)
33.3.2 Brainstem Localization
207(2)
33.3.3 Spinal Cord and Paravertebral Ganglia Localization
209(1)
33.3.4 Carotid Artery and Cavernous Sinus Localization
209(1)
33.3.5 Nuclear Localization
209(1)
33.3.6 Infranuclear Localization
210(1)
33.4 Aberrant Innervation Syndromes
211(2)
33.4.1 Compressive/Trauma
211(1)
33.4.2 Marin-Amat's Syndrome
212(1)
33.4.3 Synkinesis
212(1)
33.5 Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction
213(1)
33.5.1 Myasthenia Gravis
213(1)
33.5.2 Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
214(1)
33.6 Congenital Presentations
214(1)
33.6.1 Third Nerve Palsy
214(1)
33.6.2 Congenital Homer's Syndrome
215(1)
33.7 Summary
215(1)
References
215(3)
34 Pseudoptosis: Evaluation and Management
218(6)
Helen A. Merritt
34.1 Introduction
218(3)
34.1.1 Dermatochalasis
218(1)
34.1.2 Vertical Strabismus
218(1)
34.1.3 Contralateral Eyelid Retraction
218(1)
34.1.4 Enophthalmos
219(1)
34.1.5 Ocular Abnormalities
220(1)
34.1.6 Eyelid Protractor Overaction
221(1)
References
221(3)
35 Eyelash Ptosis Management
224(6)
Nicholas R. Mahoney
35.1 Introduction
224(1)
35.2 Anatomical Considerations
224(1)
35.2.1 Eyelash Cilia
224(1)
35.2.2 Levator Aponeurosis and Eyelid Crease
225(1)
35.3 Goals of Intervention/Indications
225(1)
35.4 Risks of the Procedure
225(1)
35.5 Benefits of the Procedure
225(1)
35.6 Informed Consent
225(1)
35.7 Contraindications
225(1)
35.8 Procedure
225(3)
35.8.1 Instruments Needed
226(1)
35.8.2 Preoperative Checklist
226(1)
35.8.3 Operative Technique
226(2)
35.8.4 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
228(1)
35.8.5 Postoperative Care Checklist
228(1)
35.9 Complications and Their Management
228(1)
References
229(1)
36 Blepharoptosis Reoperation
230(5)
Michael A. Burnstine
36.1 Introduction
230(1)
36.2 Anatomical Considerations
230(1)
36.3 Goals of Intervention/Indications
231(1)
36.4 Risks of the Procedure
231(1)
36.5 Benefits of the Procedure
231(1)
36.6 Informed Consent
231(1)
36.7 Contraindications
231(1)
36.8 Procedure
231(3)
36.8.1 Instruments Needed
231(1)
36.8.2 Preoperative Checklist
231(1)
36.8.3 Operative Technique
231(2)
36.8.4 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
233(1)
36.8.5 Postoperative Care Checklist
233(1)
36.9 Complications and Their Management
234(1)
References
234(1)
37 Nonsurgical Management of Ptosis
235(4)
Christine Greer
Michael A. Burnstine
37.1 Introduction
235(1)
37.2 Mechanical Eyelid Elevation
235(1)
37.2.1 Eyelid Crutches
235(1)
37.2.2 Eyelid Taping
235(1)
37.2.3 Haptic Contact Lens
235(1)
37.3 Pharmacologic Eyelid Elevation
236(1)
37.3.1 Topical Therapy
236(1)
37.3.2 Neurotoxin Injections
237(1)
37.4 Management of Ptosis in the Anophthalmic Patient
237(1)
37.5 Management of Pseudoptosis with Filler Injection
237(1)
References
238(1)
38 Unique Considerations in Upper Facial Surgery
239(9)
Margaret L. Pfeiffer
Jessica R. Chang
38.1 Introduction
239(1)
38.2 Perioperative Medications
239(3)
38.2.1 Blood-Thinner Considerations
239(1)
38.2.2 Classes of Blood Thinners
239(1)
38.2.3 Balancing Thrombotic Risks and Bleeding Risks
240(1)
38.2.4 Time to Stop Blood Thinners Preoperatively
240(2)
38.2.5 Supplements and Other Considerations
242(1)
38.3 Perioperative Antibiotic Considerations
242(2)
38.3.1 Current Practice Patterns in Oculofacial Plastic Surgery
243(1)
38.3.2 Patterns and Rates of Surgical Site Infection
243(1)
38.3.3 Preoperative Recommendations
243(1)
38.3.4 Perioperative Recommendations
243(1)
38.3.5 Postoperative Recommendations
243(1)
38.4 Energy Devices
244(1)
38.4.1 Types of Devices
244(1)
38.4.2 Fire Risk and the Triad
244(1)
38.4.3 Effects of the Plume
245(1)
38.5 Conclusions
245(1)
References
245(3)
39 Staying Out of Trouble: Strategies Based on Recent OMIC Oculofacial Plastic Surgery Claims
248(9)
Robert G. Fante
39.1 Introduction
248(1)
39.2 Particular Problem Areas in the Practice of Upper Facial Plastic Surgery
248(1)
39.2.1 Blepharoplasty and Ptosis Repair
248(1)
39.2.2 Brow Lifting
249(1)
39.2.3 Invasive Skin Treatments
249(1)
39.3 Fillers and Autologous Fat
249(1)
39.4 Goals for the Upper Facial Surgeon
249(2)
39.4.1 Establishing the Correct Diagnosis
249(1)
39.4.2 Knowing When to Say No to Treatment
249(1)
39.4.3 Effective Communication
249(1)
39.4.4 Surgical Plan and Execution
250(1)
39.4.5 Patient Follow-Up
250(1)
39.4.6 Actively Manage Complications
251(1)
39.4.7 Revisit Patient Expectations Frequently
251(1)
39.5 The Unhappy Patient: Cosmetic Dissatisfaction and Patient Expectations
251(1)
39.5.1 Refunds
251(1)
39.5.2 I'm Sorry Laws
251(1)
39.6 Expert Tips/Pearls/Suggestions
252(1)
39.7 Coping with the Process of a Malpractice Claim
252(1)
39.8 Conclusions
252(1)
References
252(1)
39.9 Appendix A
253(3)
39.9.1 Informed Consent for Ptosis Surgery (Droopy Eyelid Surgery)
253(3)
39.10 Appendix B
256(1)
39.10.1 Patient Cosmetic Surgical Agreement
256(1)
Index 257
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