Author Biographies |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Plasmonics Sensors |
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1 | (44) |
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1 | (5) |
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1.2 Fundamentals of Fiber-Optic Sensors and Related Concepts |
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6 | (8) |
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1.2.1 Total Internal Reflection and Evanescent Wave |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (2) |
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1.2.2.1 Definition of Surface Plasmon |
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12 | (1) |
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1.2.2.2 Brief History of Surface Plasmons |
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13 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Generation of Propagating Surface Plasmons by Light Using Thin Metallic Film |
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13 | (1) |
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1.3 Kretschmann's Configuration |
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14 | (1) |
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1.4 Transfer Matrix Method |
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15 | (5) |
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1.4.1 Calculation of Reflected Intensity |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4.1.1 Boundary Condition at Interface 1 |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4.1.2 Boundary Condition at Interface 2 |
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17 | (2) |
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1.4.2 Transmitted Power through Optical Fiber |
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19 | (1) |
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1.5 Plasmon Excitation Using Optical Fiber |
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20 | (1) |
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1.6 Excitation of Localized Surface Plasmon by Light Using Metallic Nanoparticles |
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21 | (6) |
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23 | (4) |
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1.7 Fiber-Optic LSPR Sensor Using Metallic Nanoparticles |
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27 | (2) |
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1.7.1 Refractive Index Dependence |
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28 | (1) |
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1.8 Fiber-Optic Plasmonic Biosensing Technique |
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29 | (3) |
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1.8.1 Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor |
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30 | (2) |
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1.9 Performance Parameters of Sensors |
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32 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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1.10 Overview of the Book |
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34 | (11) |
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35 | (10) |
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Chapter 2 Important Nanomaterials for Optical Fiber Plasmonic Biosensors |
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45 | (24) |
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45 | (1) |
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2.2 Basics of Nanomaterial and Its Growing Applications |
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46 | (2) |
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2.3 Types of Nanomaterial |
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48 | (7) |
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2.3.1 Metal Nanoparticles |
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48 | (4) |
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2.3.2 Metal Nanorods and Nanotriangles |
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52 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Semiconductor Nanoparticles |
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53 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Carbon-Based Nanoparticles |
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53 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Polymeric Nanoparticles |
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53 | (1) |
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2.3.6 Ceramic Nanoparticles |
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53 | (1) |
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2.3.7 Perovskite Nanoparticles |
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53 | (1) |
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2.3.8 MXene-Based Nanocomposites |
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54 | (1) |
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2.3.9 Lipid-Based Nanoparticles |
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55 | (1) |
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2.4 Synthesis of Nanomaterials |
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55 | (1) |
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2.4.1 Wet Chemical Method |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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2.5 Characterization of Nanomaterials |
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56 | (4) |
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2.5.1 Morphological Characterizations |
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56 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Structural Characterizations |
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58 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Surface Area and Particle Size Characterization |
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59 | (1) |
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2.5.4 Optical Characterizations |
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59 | (1) |
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2.6 Summary and Conclusion |
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60 | (9) |
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61 | (8) |
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Chapter 3 Design Methodology |
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69 | (22) |
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69 | (1) |
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3.2 Structural Developments |
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70 | (4) |
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71 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Hetero-Core Structure |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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3.3 Nanocoating Process and Characterization |
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74 | (1) |
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3.4 Sensor Development and Applications |
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75 | (8) |
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3.4.1 Biomedical and Diagnostic Applications |
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75 | (1) |
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3.4.1.1 Glucose Detection |
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76 | (1) |
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3.4.1.2 Cholesterol Detection |
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76 | (2) |
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3.4.1.3 Bacteria Detection |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (3) |
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3.4.1.6 DNA Biomolecules Detection |
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81 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Environmental Applications |
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81 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Miscellaneous Applications |
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82 | (1) |
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3.5 Summary and Conclusion |
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83 | (8) |
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83 | (8) |
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Chapter 4 Gold Nanoparticles Assisted Optical Fiber-Based Plasmonic Biosensors |
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91 | (22) |
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91 | (1) |
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4.2 Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications of Gold Nanoparticles |
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91 | (6) |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Seeded Growth Method |
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95 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Electrochem ical Method |
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96 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Miscellaneous Methods |
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96 | (1) |
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4.3 Some Biosensor Design Based on AuNPs |
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97 | (3) |
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4.4 Recent Development of Gold Nanoparticles Assisted Plasmonic Biosensors |
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100 | (9) |
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4.4.1 Gold Nanoparticles Assisted Glucose Sensor |
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100 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Gold Nanoparticles Assisted Cholesterol Sensor |
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100 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Gold Nanoparticles Assisted Other Important Biosensors |
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102 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Gold Nanoparticles Assisted Biosensors for Bacteria and Virus Detection |
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103 | (2) |
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4.4.5 Gold Nanoparticle-Based Sensor for Dengue Immunoassay |
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105 | (1) |
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4.4.6 Gold Nanoparticles Assisted Biosensors for DNA/RNA and Cells Detection |
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106 | (3) |
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4.5 Summary and Conclusion |
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109 | (4) |
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109 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Silver Nanoparticles Assisted Optical Fiber-Based Plasmonic Biosensors |
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113 | (18) |
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113 | (2) |
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5.2 Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, and Applications of Silver Nanoparticles |
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115 | (7) |
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5.2.1 Synthesis Methods for Silver Nanoparticles and Composites |
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115 | (1) |
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5.2.1.1 Spherical Silver Nanoparticles |
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115 | (4) |
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5.2.1.2 Triangular Silver Nanoparticles |
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119 | (1) |
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5.2.1.3 Synthesis of PVA-AgNPs Composites |
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120 | (1) |
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5.2.1.4 Green Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles |
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120 | (1) |
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5.2.1.5 Synthesis of AgNPs Using Green Route Method |
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121 | (1) |
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5.3 Diverse Usage of Silver Nanoparticles |
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122 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Silver Nanoparticles Assisted Biosensors for Biomolecules Detection |
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124 | (2) |
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5.4 Summary and Conclusion |
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126 | (5) |
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127 | (4) |
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Chapter 6 Graphene Oxide Coated Gold Nanoparticles-Based Fiber-Optic LSPR Sensor |
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131 | (36) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (3) |
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6.2.1 Synthesis of AuNPs and GO |
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132 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Preparation of GO Encapsulated AuNPs |
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133 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Preparation of Fiber Probe |
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134 | (1) |
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6.3 Results and Discussion |
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135 | (16) |
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6.4 Micro-Ball Fiber Sensor Probe Based Uric Acid Biosensor |
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151 | (6) |
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6.4.1 Fabrication of Micro-Ball Fiber Structure |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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6.4.3 Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles and Graphene Oxide |
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152 | (2) |
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6.4.4 Detection of Uric Acid Solutions |
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154 | (1) |
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6.4.5 Sensitivity, Linearity, and Detection Limit of Sensor |
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154 | (2) |
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6.4.6 Selectivity of Sensor |
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156 | (1) |
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6.4.7 Analysis of Uric Acid in Human Serum |
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156 | (1) |
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6.5 Novel Periodically Tapered Structure-Based Sensor to Detect Ascorbic Acid |
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157 | (5) |
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6.5.1 Design Consideration and Fabrication of Proposed Sensors |
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157 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Detection of Ascorbic Acid |
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158 | (4) |
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6.6 Summary and Conclusion |
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162 | (5) |
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162 | (5) |
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Chapter 7 Fiber-Optic LSPR Sensor Using Graphene Oxide Coated Silver Nanostructures |
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167 | (30) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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7.2.1 Synthesis of AgNPs, GO, and Preparation of GO-Coated AgNPs |
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168 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Preparation of Fiber Sensing Probe |
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168 | (1) |
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7.3 Results and Discussion |
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168 | (21) |
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7.4 AgNPs and GO-Based Plasmonic Sensor for L-Cysteine Detection |
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189 | (3) |
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7.4.1 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles |
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190 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Experimental Setup and Results |
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190 | (2) |
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7.5 Summary and Conclusion |
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192 | (5) |
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193 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Novel Nanomaterials Assisted Optical Fiber-Based Plasmonic Biosensors |
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197 | (44) |
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197 | (3) |
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8.2 Nanomaterial Synthesis Process |
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200 | (2) |
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8.2.1 Synthesis Process of AuNPs |
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200 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Synthesis of AgNPs Solution |
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201 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Synthesis Process of MXene |
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201 | (1) |
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8.2.4 Synthesis Process of MoS2-NPs |
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201 | (1) |
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8.2.5 Synthesis Process of CeO2-NPs |
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201 | (1) |
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8.2.6 Synthesis Process of GO |
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202 | (1) |
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8.2.7 Synthesis Process of Colloidal CuO-NPs Solution |
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202 | (1) |
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8.3 Characterization of Nanoparticles |
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202 | (7) |
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8.4 Immobilization of Nanoparticles Over the Optical Fiber Probe |
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209 | (1) |
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8.4.1 Fabrication of AuNPs/ZnO-NPs-Based Optical Fiber Probe |
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209 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Fabrication of CuO-NPs-Based Optical Fiber Probe |
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209 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Fabrication of ZnO-NPs/PVA-AgNPs-Based Optical Fiber Probe |
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210 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Fabrication of MoS2-NPs/AuNPs-Based Optical Fiber Probe |
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210 | (1) |
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8.5 Detection of Various Biomolecules |
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210 | (22) |
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8.5.1 SMF-MCF-MMF-SMF Structure Based LSPR Biosensor for Creatinine Detection |
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210 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Multicore Tapered Fiber Structure-Based Sensor for Creatinine Detection in Aquaculture |
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211 | (2) |
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8.5.3 Taper-in-Taper Fiber Structure-Based LSPR Sensor for Alanine Aminotransferase Detection |
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213 | (1) |
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8.5.4 Taper Fiber-Based Sensor for Water Pollutants p-Cresol Detection |
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214 | (2) |
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8.5.5 MPM Fiber Structure Sensor Probe for cTnI |
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216 | (1) |
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8.5.6 Hetero-Core Fiber Structure-Based Cardiac Troponin I Detection |
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217 | (2) |
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8.5.7 Multicore Fiber Biosensor for Acetylcholine Detection |
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219 | (1) |
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8.5.8 Tapered Optical Fiber Based LSPR Biosensor for Ascorbic Acid Detection |
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220 | (3) |
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8.5.9 Core Mismatch MPM/SPS Probe-Based Sensor for Cholesterol Detection |
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223 | (4) |
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8.5.10 CuO and AgNPs Modified SMSMS Structure Probe for Uric Acid Detection |
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227 | (1) |
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8.5.11 Structure of Optical Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Collagen IV Detection |
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228 | (4) |
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8.6 Summary and Conclusion |
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232 | (9) |
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234 | (7) |
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Chapter 9 Optical Sensors for Detection of Microorganisms |
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241 | (36) |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (2) |
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9.4 Multicore Fiber Sensor for Cancer Cells Detection |
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246 | (16) |
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9.4.1 Material and Method |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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9.4.1.2 Fabrication of the Sensor Probe |
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246 | (1) |
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9.4.1.3 Etching of SMF-MCF Structure |
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247 | (1) |
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9.4.1.4 Characteri zation |
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247 | (1) |
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9.4.1.5 Synthesis of Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles/Copper Oxide Nanoflowers |
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248 | (1) |
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9.4.1.6 Immobilization of GO/AuNPs/CuO-NFs Over SMF-MCF Structure |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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9.4.1.8 Experimental Setup |
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249 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Results and Discussion |
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250 | (1) |
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9.4.2.1 Optimization of Bare Sensor Structure |
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250 | (1) |
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9.4.2.2 Characterization of Nanomaterials |
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250 | (4) |
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9.4.2.3 Characterization of Nanoparticles Coated Sensor Probes |
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254 | (1) |
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9.4.2.4 Detection of Cancerous Cells |
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254 | (4) |
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9.4.2.5 Analysis of Reusability, Selectivity, and Anti-Interference Ability |
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258 | (3) |
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9.4.2.6 Performance Comparison |
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261 | (1) |
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9.5 Multicore Fiber Probe for Selective Detection of Shigella Bacteria |
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262 | (8) |
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9.5.1 Materials and Methods |
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262 | (1) |
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9.5.1.1 Fabrication of Sensor Probe |
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263 | (1) |
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9.5.1.2 Synthesis of AuNPs and MoS2-NPs |
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264 | (1) |
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9.5.1.3 Immobilization of AuNPs and MoS2-NPs Over MCF-SMF Sensor Probe |
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264 | (1) |
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9.5.1.4 LSPR Measurements |
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264 | (1) |
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9.5.1.5 Culture of Shigella sonnei Bacteria |
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264 | (2) |
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9.5.2 Results and Discussion |
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266 | (1) |
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9.5.2.1 Characterization of Nanoparticles |
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266 | (1) |
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9.5.2.2 Characterization of a Nanoparticles-Coated Sensor Probe |
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267 | (1) |
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9.5.2.3 LSPR Sensing Results |
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267 | (2) |
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9.5.2.4 Comparison with Existing Shigella Biosensors |
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269 | (1) |
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9.6 Summary and Conclusions |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (7) |
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271 | (6) |
Index |
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277 | |