1 Introduction to the Multi-energy Maritime Grids |
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1.1 Background and Motivation |
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1.1.1 Economy Growth and the Demand for Maritime Transport |
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1.1.2 Ship Supply Capacity and Market Structure |
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1.1.3 Shipping Services and Ports |
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1.1.4 The Path to the Green Shipping |
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1.2 Promising Technologies |
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1.2.2 Selected Technical Designs for Energy Efficiency Improvement |
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1.2.3 Selected Alternative Fuels or Energy Sources |
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1.3 Next-Generation Maritime Grids |
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21 | (4) |
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1.3.1 Shipboard Microgrid |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Coordination Between Shipboard and Seaport Microgrids |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (5) |
2 Basics for Optimization Problem |
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2.1 Overview of Optimization Problems |
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31 | (3) |
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2.1.2 Classifications of Optimization Problems |
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2.2 Optimization Problems with Uncertainties |
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34 | (5) |
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2.2.1 Stochastic Optimization |
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2.2.2 Robust Optimization |
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36 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Interval Optimization |
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39 | (2) |
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2.3.1 Semi-definite Programming |
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2.3.2 Second-Order Cone Programming |
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39 | (2) |
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2.4 Optimization Frameworks |
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2.4.1 Two-Stage Optimization |
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41 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Bi-level Optimization |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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3 Mathematical Formulation of Management Targets |
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3.1 Overview of the Management Tasks |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (8) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (6) |
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3.3.1 Diesel Engines/Generators |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Renewable Energy Generation |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (5) |
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3.4.1 Gas Emission from Ships |
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61 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Gas Emission from Ports |
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64 | (2) |
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3.5 Reliability Under Multiple Failures |
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66 | (3) |
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3.5.1 Multiple Failures in Ships |
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66 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Multiple Failures in Ports |
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67 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Reliability Indexes |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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3.6.1 Fuel Cell Lifetime Degradation Model |
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69 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Energy Storage Lifetime Degradation Model |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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3.7.1 Comfort Level of Passengers |
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71 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Satisfaction Degree of Berthed-in Ships |
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72 | (1) |
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4 Formulation and Solution of Maritime Grids Optimization |
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4.1 Synthesis-Design-Operation (SDO) Optimization |
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77 | (1) |
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4.2 Coordination Between Maritime Grids |
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78 | (1) |
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4.3 Topologies of Maritime Grids |
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79 | (6) |
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4.3.1 Topologies of Ship Power Systems |
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80 | (3) |
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4.3.2 Topologies of Seaport Microgrids |
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83 | (1) |
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4.3.3 Topologies of Other Maritime Grids |
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84 | (1) |
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4.4 Synthesis-Design-Operation Optimization of Maritime Grids |
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85 | (6) |
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4.4.1 Synthesis Optimization for Maritime Grids |
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85 | (3) |
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4.4.2 Design and Operation Optimization for Maritime Grids |
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88 | (3) |
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4.5 Formulation and Solution of SDO Optimization |
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91 | (3) |
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4.5.1 The Compact Form of SDO Optimization |
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4.5.2 Classification of the Solution Method |
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92 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Decomposition-Based Solution Method |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (3) |
5 Energy Management of Maritime Grids Under Uncertainties |
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5.1 Introductions of Uncertainties in Maritime Grids |
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97 | (3) |
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5.1.1 Different Types of Uncertainties |
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97 | (2) |
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5.1.2 Effects of Electrification for Uncertainties |
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99 | (1) |
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5.2 Navigation Uncertainties |
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100 | (4) |
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5.2.1 Uncertain Wave and Wind |
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100 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Adverse Weather Conditions |
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101 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Calls-for-Service Uncertainties |
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103 | (1) |
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5.3 Energy Source Uncertainties |
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104 | (4) |
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5.3.1 Renewable Energy Uncertainties |
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104 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Main Grid Uncertainties |
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105 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Equipment Uncertainties |
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106 | (2) |
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5.4 Data-Driven Optimization with Uncertainties |
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108 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Data-Driven Stochastic Modeling |
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109 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Data-Driven Robust Modeling |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (9) |
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5.5.1 Energy Management for Photovoltaic (PV) Uncertainties in AES |
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111 | (6) |
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5.5.2 Energy Management for Navigation Uncertainties in AES |
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117 | (3) |
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120 | (5) |
6 Energy Storage Management of Maritime Grids |
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125 | (24) |
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6.1 Introduction to Energy Storage Technologies |
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125 | (2) |
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6.2 Characteristics of Different Energy Storage Technologies |
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127 | (4) |
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6.2.1 Classifications of Current Energy Storage Technologies |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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6.3 Applications of Energy Storage in Maritime Grids |
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131 | (5) |
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6.3.1 Roles of Energy Storage in Maritime Grids |
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131 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Navigation Uncertainties and Demand Response |
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132 | (2) |
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6.3.3 Renewable Energy Integration |
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134 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Energy Recovery for Equipment |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (10) |
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6.4.1 Energy Storage Management in AES for Navigation Uncertainties |
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136 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Energy Storage Management in AES for Extending Lifetime |
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139 | (7) |
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146 | (3) |
7 Multi-energy Management of Maritime Grids |
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149 | (24) |
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7.1 Concept of Multi-energy Management |
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149 | (3) |
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7.1.1 Motivation and Background |
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149 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Classification of Multi-energy Systems |
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150 | (2) |
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7.2 Future Multi-energy Maritime Grids |
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152 | (4) |
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7.2.1 Multi-energy Nature of Maritime Grids |
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152 | (2) |
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7.2.2 Multi-energy Cruise Ships |
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154 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Multi-energy Seaport |
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155 | (1) |
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7.3 General Model and Solving Method |
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156 | (4) |
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156 | (1) |
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7.3.2 A Decomposed Solving Method |
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157 | (3) |
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160 | (10) |
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7.4.1 Multi-energy Management for Cruise Ships |
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160 | (3) |
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7.4.2 Multi-energy Management for Seaport Microgrids |
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163 | (7) |
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170 | (3) |
8 Multi-source Energy Management of Maritime Grids |
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173 | (12) |
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8.1 Multiples Sources in Maritime Grids |
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173 | (4) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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8.1.3 Battery and Fuel Cell |
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174 | (2) |
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8.1.4 Renewable Energy and Demand Response |
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176 | (1) |
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8.2 Coordination Between Multiple Sources in Maritime Grids |
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177 | (1) |
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8.3 Some Representative Coordination Cases |
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178 | (4) |
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8.3.1 Main Engine-Battery Coordination in AES |
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178 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Main Engine-Fuel Cell Coordination in AES |
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179 | (2) |
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8.3.3 Demand Response Coordination Within Seaports |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (3) |
9 The Ways Ahead |
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9.1 Future Maritime Grids |
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185 | (2) |
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9.2 Data-Driven Technologies |
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187 | (6) |
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9.2.1 Navigation Uncertainty Forecasting |
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187 | (1) |
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9.2.2 States of Battery Energy Storage |
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187 | (3) |
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9.2.3 Fuel Cell Degradation |
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190 | (2) |
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9.2.4 Renewable Energy Forecasting |
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192 | (1) |
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9.3 Siting and Sizing Problems |
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193 | (5) |
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9.3.1 Energy Storage Integration |
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193 | (4) |
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9.3.2 Fuel Cell Integration |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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