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E-grāmata: Optionality and overgeneralisation patterns in second language acquisition: Where has the expletive ensconced it self?

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Optionality and overgeneralisation patterns in second language acquisition: Where has the expletive ensconced it self?Palielināt
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This book discusses the nature of optionality in second language grammars. For these purposes, experimental data from 213 learners of German and 150 learners of Russian across four levels of acquisition has been collected and analysed. The object of inquiry is the acquisition of various impersonal constructions, as well as argument licensing.

This book discusses the nature of optionality in second language grammars and the indeterminacy observed in second language users’ linguistic representations. For these purposes, experimental data from 213 learners of German and 150 learners of Russian have been collected and analysed with a special focus on the acquisition of various «subjectless» and impersonal constructions as well as argument licensing. Whereas voice alternations and argument licensing are topics amply discussed in theoretical domains, their practical implementation within second language research has remained a research lacuna. This piece of work intends to fill the gap.
1 Introduction
23(10)
1.1 Addressing the object of enquiry
24(8)
1.1.1 The two (pivotal) "whys" in this book
28(4)
1.2 Outline
32(1)
2 Argument licensing and voice alternations
33(32)
2.1 Theoretical background
33(7)
2.1.1 Argument licensing, argument structure and voice alternations
34(2)
2.1.2 Is the subject an argument of its verb?
36(4)
2.2 Unaccusativity
40(14)
2.2.1 Unaccusative morphology and syntax: Form vs. structure
43(4)
2.2.2 Argument structure in passives and other unaccusatives
47(3)
2.2.3 So who (or what) is the subject of impersonals?
50(4)
2.3 Case and agreement in impersonals
54(10)
2.3.1 Default agreement and morphological underspecification in impersonals
54(3)
2.3.2 Acc licensing and Cause/Voice parameterisation
57(3)
2.3.3 Case/DP licensing in impersonals
60(4)
2.4
Chapter summary
64(1)
3 Previous L2 research: An overview
65(32)
3.1 L1A vs. L2A
66(5)
3.2 UG or not UG?
71(4)
3.3 Syntactic impairment in L2A?
75(7)
3.3.1 The L2A of ImpPass
79(3)
3.4 Underspecification and morphological deficits
82(6)
3.4.1 Further evidence: Underspecification in L1A
87(1)
3.5 L2 straddling the interfaces
88(6)
3.5.1 The Interface Hypothesis: an outline
89(3)
3.5.2 Reconciling facts and fitting them into theory
92(2)
3.6
Chapter summary
94(3)
4 Parametric variation
97(34)
4.1 On the EPP and expletives
97(6)
4.2 Pro-drop
103(7)
4.3 Impersonals, passives, and voice alternations cross-linguistically
110(14)
4.3.1 Russian impersonals
110(3)
4.3.2 German impersonals
113(3)
4.3.3 L1s in the `L2 GE' study
116(1)
4.3.3.1 Slavic impersonals
116(3)
4.3.3.2 Romance impersonals
119(2)
4.3.3.3 Chinese
121(2)
4.3.4 Interim summary
123(1)
4.4 Parameters and clustering effects in the languages under investigation
124(1)
4.5 The L2A of arguments and voice alternations: Research questions and hypotheses
125(3)
4.6
Chapter summary
128(3)
5 Two studies
131(40)
5.1 Methodology, informants, and data elicitation
131(7)
5.1.1 The cloze test
132(3)
5.1.2 The Grammaticality Judgement Task
135(2)
5.1.3 Data acquisition and informants
137(1)
5.2 `L2 GE' and `L2 RU' tests: Description
138(6)
5.2.1 The `L2 GE test'
138(3)
5.2.2 The `L2 RU test'
141(3)
5.3 Statistical evaluation -- technical details
144(8)
5.3.1 The Null Hypothesis
146(6)
5.4 Results
152(16)
5.4.1 `L2 German' findings
152(1)
5.4.1.1 Mixed data evaluation across levels of L2 GE proficiency
153(4)
5.4.1.2 Parameter-based evaluation
157(5)
5.4.2 `L2 Russian' findings
162(1)
5.4.2.1 Data evaluation across levels of acquisition
163(5)
5.5
Chapter summary
168(3)
6 Discussion: On the complexities of L2 syntax
171(62)
6.1 The nature of L2 knowledge
171(29)
6.1.1 Argument and event structure in L2A
174(5)
6.1.2 Impersonal constructions in L2A: syntax, semantics, and discourse
179(6)
6.1.3 On zero, bound, and free pronouns: Referentiality in L2A
185(6)
6.1.4 The L2A of empty categories and expletives
191(5)
6.1.5 Case and agreement in L2A
196(3)
6.1.6 Interim summary
199(1)
6.2 Exploring and explaining optionality in interlanguage grammars
200(14)
6.2.1 The dynamics of linguistic knowledge: Native speakers' vs. L2ers' judgements
202(2)
6.2.2 Phases, functional domains, L1 transfer, interfaces: Which one is responsible for the variability in L2A?
204(1)
6.2.2.1 Phases and functional domains
204(5)
6.2.2.2 L1 transfer and positive evidence
209(2)
6.2.2.3 Interfaces
211(3)
6.3 L2 morpho-syntax
214(16)
6.3.1 Representational deficits in light of the principle of Underspecification and linguistic defaults
215(5)
6.3.2 Overgeneralisation in L2A and learner defaults
220(3)
6.3.3 (Anti)causatives, impersonals, and (non-) canonical patterns in L2A
223(7)
6.4
Chapter summary
230(3)
7 Concluding remarks
233(4)
References 237(20)
Appendix A `L2 GE test' 257(6)
Appendix B `L2 RU test' 263(6)
Appendix C Answers 269
Nadia Varley received her PhD in Germanic Linguistics at the University of Wuppertal. Her research focuses on syntax, interface phenomena and second language acquisition. She is also interested in the empirical verification of the theoretical claims within the framework of Generative Grammar.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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