Acknowledgements |
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vii | |
Preface |
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ix | |
PART I MEANING BEFORE COMMUNICATION |
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3 | |
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1.1. Defining semantics with evolution in mind |
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3 | |
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1.2. Health warning about 'concepts' |
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9 | |
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1.3. A scale from no-brainers to cognitive concepts |
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16 | |
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2. Animals Approach Human Cognition |
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20 | |
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2.1. Induction, generalization, and abstraction |
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22 | |
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2.2. Freewill, or at least some metacognition |
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29 | |
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2.3. Object permanence and displaced reference |
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36 | |
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2.4. Biological motion and animacy |
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41 | |
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2.5. Structured conceptual content and transitive inference |
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45 | |
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2.6. Semantic memory, a store of non-linguistic knowledge |
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49 | |
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2.7. Sensory-motor declarative-imperative co-involvement in concepts |
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60 | |
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3. A New Kind of Memory Evolves |
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65 | |
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3.1. Episodic memory in animals: knowledge of the past and future |
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71 | |
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3.2. Episodic memory and Kantian analytic/synthetic |
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83 | |
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4. Animals Form Proto-propositions |
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88 | |
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4.1. The magical number 4 how big is a simple thought? |
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90 | |
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4.2. Predicate-argument structure in animal brains |
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96 | |
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4.3. Local and global attention to objects and scenes |
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103 | |
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4.4. Animal truth, reference and sense |
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113 | |
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5. Towards Human Semantics |
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123 | |
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5.1. A parsimonious Begrjffsschrift for proto-propositions |
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123 | |
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5.2. Getting rid of individual constants |
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128 | |
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5.3. Getting rid of ordered arguments and role-markers |
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140 | |
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5.4. One-place predicates over scenes and objects |
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147 | |
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5.5. Armchair ontology of objects, events, and scenes |
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157 | |
PART II COMMUNICATION: WHAT AND WHY? |
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6. Communication by Dyadic Acts |
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167 | |
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6.1. Roughly and readily defining 'communication' |
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167 | |
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170 | |
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6.3. Things animals do to each other |
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177 | |
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6.4. Getting the right environmental conditions |
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185 | |
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6.5. From innate to learned |
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197 | |
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7. Going Triadic: Precursors of Reference |
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205 | |
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7.1. Early manipulation of attention |
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205 | |
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7.2. Indexical/deictic pointing |
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208 | |
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7.3. Standardized alarm and food calls |
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225 | |
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7.4. Beyond innate symbols and learned deixis |
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235 | |
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8. Why Communicate? Squaring with Evolutionary Theory |
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243 | |
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8.1. Bridges, bullets, monsters, and niches |
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244 | |
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8.2. Evolutionary theories of altruism and cooperation |
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252 | |
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8.3. Evolutionary theories of selfish communication |
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277 | |
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8.4. (Cultural) group selection |
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293 | |
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9. Cooperation, Fair Play, and Trust in Primates |
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307 | |
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9.1. Mind-reading, a prerequisite for intentional cooperation |
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307 | |
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313 | |
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322 | |
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9.4. Trust(-worthiness), groups, faces, and a hormone |
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325 | |
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329 | |
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10. Epilogue and Prologue |
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331 | |
Bibliography |
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335 | |
Index |
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373 | |