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E-grāmata: Orthopedic Nuclear Medicine

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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Sep-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319561677
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Orthopedic Nuclear MedicinePalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Sep-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319561677
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This book, now in a revised and updated second edition, offers a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in orthopedic nuclear medicine, including the impressive recent advances in the field and the diagnosis of under-recognized conditions on the basis of their imaging patterns. The opening chapters acquaint the reader briefly with anatomic, physiologic, pathologic, and technical concepts crucial to a sound understanding of orthopedic nuclear medicine and its utilization in clinical practice. The imaging diagnosis of skeletal infections, trauma, vascular disorders, metabolic and neoplastic bone diseases, soft tissue calcifications, and joint disorders is then explained in detail. Two entirely new chapters, on bone marrow imaging and hybrid imaging of bone diseases, have been added to this edition.  A separate chapter is devoted to the use of radionuclides for the treatment of bone and joint disorders. The book is richly illustrated and amply documents the effectiveness of nuclear medicine in diagnosing bone disease. It will prove invaluable to all with an interest in diagnostic and therapeutic orthopedics, including orthopedists, radiologists, rheumatologists, pediatricians, podiatrists, other clinicians, and all nuclear and molecular imaging professionals.

1 Basic Sciences of Bone and Joint Diseases
1(36)
1.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2 Anatomy and Physiology of Bone
2(9)
1.2.1 Bone Development
2(1)
1.2.2 Bone Anatomy
3(4)
1.2.3 Bone Physiology
7(4)
1.3 Anatomy and Physiology of Bone Marrow
11(1)
1.4 Anatomy and Physiology of Joints
11(2)
1.5 Spectrum of Bone and Joint Disease
13(1)
1.6 Modalities for Imaging Bone and Joint Diseases
14(1)
1.7 Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Diseases by Nuclear Medicine Techniques
15(3)
1.8 Technical Considerations
18(19)
1.8.1 Pre-imaging Considerations
18(4)
1.8.2 Imaging Considerations
22(7)
1.8.3 Post-Imaging Considerations
29(1)
1.8.4 Sources of Diagnostic Errors
30(5)
References
35(2)
2 Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bone Diseases
37(64)
2.1 Introduction
38(1)
2.2 Pathophysiology
38(11)
2.2.1 Inflammation
38(3)
2.2.2 Skeletal Infections
41(8)
2.3 Imaging Skeletal Infections
49(1)
2.3.1 The Need for Diagnostic Imaging
49(1)
2.3.2 Imaging Modalities for Skeletal Infections
50(1)
2.4 Diagnosis of Skeletal Infection by Imaging
50(13)
2.4.1 Diagnosis Using Morphologic Imaging Modalities
50(2)
2.4.2 Diagnosis by Scintigraphic Methods
52(11)
2.4.3 Imaging Using Combined Modalities
63(1)
2.5 Diagnosis of Specific Forms of Skeletal Infections
63(22)
2.5.1 Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis
63(7)
2.5.2 Vertebral Osteomyelitis (Spondylodiscitis)
70(3)
2.5.3 Chronic Active Osteomyelitis
73(4)
2.5.4 Periprosthetic Infection
77(6)
2.5.5 Posttraumatic Osteomyelitis
83(1)
2.5.6 Osteomyelitis in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
84(1)
2.5.7 Neonatal Osteomyelitis
84(1)
2.5.8 Epiphyseal Osteomyelitis
84(1)
2.6 Follow-Up of Response to Therapy
85(1)
2.7 Differentiating Osteomyelitis from Infectious Arthritis
85(1)
2.8 Differentiating Infection from Tumors
85(1)
2.9 Noninfectious Inflammatory Conditions
86(4)
2.9.1 Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis
86(2)
2.9.2 Osteitis Condensans Ilii
88(1)
2.9.3 Osteitis Pubis
88(1)
2.9.4 Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis (Caffey-Sillverman Disease)
88(1)
2.9.5 Sternoclavicular Hyperostosis
88(1)
2.9.6 Osteitis Condensans of the Clavicle
88(2)
2.10 Scintigraphic Patterns of Skeletal Manifestations of Poliomyelitis
90(11)
References
90(11)
3 Diagnosis of Metabolic, Endocrine, and Congenital Bone Disease
101(46)
3.1 Introduction
101(1)
3.2 Paget's Disease (Osteitis Deformans)
102(7)
3.3 Osteoporosis
109(5)
3.4 Osteomalacia and Rickets
114(2)
3.5 Hyperparathyroidism
116(3)
3.6 Renal Osteodystrophy
119(3)
3.7 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)
122(5)
3.8 Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy
127(1)
3.9 Fibrous Dysplasia
128(3)
3.10 Other Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions
131(1)
3.10.1 Hypothyroidism
131(1)
3.10.2 Hyperthyroidism
131(1)
3.10.3 Fluoride Toxicity
131(1)
3.10.4 Aluminum Toxicity
131(1)
3.10.5 Hypervitaminosis A
131(1)
3.11 Osteopetrosis
132(1)
3.12 Medullary Diaphyseal Sclerosis (Medullary Diaphyseal Stenosis or Hardcastle Syndrome)
132(1)
3.13 Gorlin's Syndrome
132(2)
3.14 Progressive Diaphyseal Dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann Disease)
134(2)
3.15 Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis (Caffey-Silverman Syndrome)
136(1)
3.16 Madibular Condylar Hyperplasia
136(11)
References
138(9)
4 Diagnosis of Traumatic Disorders
147(44)
4.1 Introduction
147(1)
4.2 Pathophysiology
148(5)
4.2.1 Acute Fractures
148(1)
4.2.2 Stress Fractures
149(1)
4.2.3 Spondylolysis
150(1)
4.2.4 Spondylolisthesis
150(1)
4.2.5 Fracture Healing
150(3)
4.2.6 Trauma to Bone-Adjacent Structures
153(1)
4.3 Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Acute Fractures
153(15)
4.3.1 Role of Scintigraphy in Acute Fracture
153(1)
4.3.2 Scintigraphic Appearance of Acute Fractures
154(1)
4.3.3 Scintigraphic Imaging of Specific Fractures
155(13)
4.4 Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Stress Fractures
168(12)
4.4.1 Role of Scintigraphy in Stress Fractures
168(1)
4.4.2 Scintigraphic Appearance of Stress Fractures
169(3)
4.4.3 Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Specific Stress Fractures
172(8)
4.5 Scintigraphic Evaluation of Fracture and Bone Graft Healing
180(2)
4.5.1 Evaluation of Fracture Healing
180(1)
4.5.2 Evaluation of Bone Graft Viability
180(1)
4.5.3 Evaluation of Metallic Implants for Removal
181(1)
4.6 Scintigraphic Diagnosis of Injuries to Bone-Adjacent Structures
182(9)
4.6.1 Avulsion Injury
182(1)
4.6.2 Skeletal Muscle Injury
182(1)
4.6.3 Post-Traumatic Soft Tissue Calcification
183(1)
4.6.4 Meniscal and Ligament Tears
183(1)
4.6.5 Enthesopathies
183(1)
4.6.6 Impingement Syndromes
183(1)
References
184(7)
5 Diagnosis of Circulatory Disorders
191(22)
5.1 Introduction
191(1)
5.2 Pathophysiology
192(1)
5.3 General Scintigraphic Features and Staging
193(2)
5.4 Distinctive Forms of Osteonecrosis
195(18)
5.4.1 Post-traumatic Osteonecrosis
195(1)
5.4.2 Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Children (Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease)
195(4)
5.4.3 Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head in Adults
199(2)
5.4.4 Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee
201(3)
5.4.5 Multifocal Osteonecrosis
204(1)
5.4.6 Sickle Cell Disease Osteonecrosis
205(1)
5.4.7 Dysbaric Osteonecrosis
206(1)
5.4.8 Osteochondroses Featuring Osteonecrosis
206(3)
References
209(4)
6 Neoplastic Bone Diseases
213(68)
6.1 Introduction
214(1)
6.2 Pathophysiology
215(17)
6.2.1 Primary Bone Tumors
215(10)
6.2.2 Metastatic Bone Disease
225(7)
6.3 Imaging of Primary Bone Tumors
232(17)
6.3.1 Overall Role of Imaging
232(4)
6.3.2 Imaging of Major Specific Primary Tumors
236(13)
6.4 Scintigraphy and Correlative Imaging of Metastatic Bone Disease
249(20)
6.4.1 Scintigraphic Patterns of Bone Metastases on Bone Scans
251(6)
6.4.2 Scintigraphic Evaluation of Metastases of Certain Tumors
257(12)
6.5 Follow-Up of Malignant Bone Disease
269(12)
References
272(9)
7 Diagnosis of Joint Disorders
281(26)
7.1 Introduction
282(1)
7.2 Classification
282(1)
7.3 Rheumatoid Arthritis
283(3)
7.4 Crystal Deposition Arthropathies
286(2)
7.4.1 Gouty Arthritis
286(1)
7.4.2 Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease
287(1)
7.5 Infectious Arthritis
288(1)
7.6 Osteoarthritis
288(5)
7.7 Sacroiliitis
293(3)
7.8 Neuroarthropathy
296(1)
7.9 Spondyloarthropathies
296(3)
7.9.1 Ankylosing Spondylitis
297(1)
7.9.2 Psoriatic Arthritis
297(1)
7.9.3 Reactive Arthritis (Reiter's Disease)
298(1)
7.9.4 Enteropathic Spondylitis
299(1)
7.10 Other Arthropathies and Related Conditions
299(2)
7.10.1 Behcet's Syndrome
299(1)
7.10.2 Costochondritis (Tietze's Syndrome)
299(1)
7.10.3 SAPHO Syndrome
299(1)
7.10.4 Synovitis
300(1)
7.11 Periarticular Soft Tissue Syndromes
301(6)
7.11.1 Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)
301(1)
7.11.2 Septic Bursitis
302(1)
7.11.3 Septic Tenosynovitis
302(1)
7.11.4 Plantar Fasciitis
302(1)
References
303(4)
8 Bone Marrow Imaging
307(16)
8.1 Introduction
307(1)
8.2 Development and Structure of Bone Marrow
307(3)
8.3 Conversion and Reconversion
310(1)
8.4 Alterations to Bone Marrow
311(1)
8.5 Imaging of Bone Marrow
311(1)
8.6 Bone Marrow Scintigraphy
312(2)
8.7 Clinical Uses of Bone Marrow Scintigraphy
314(9)
8.7.1 Diagnosis of Skeletal Infections
314(3)
8.7.2 Assessment and Follow-Up of Gaucher's Disease
317(1)
8.7.3 Treatment Planning in Cancer Patients
318(1)
8.7.4 Paget's Disease
319(1)
8.7.5 Bone Marrow Tumors and Bone Marrow Extension
320(1)
8.7.6 Other Uses
320(1)
References
320(3)
9 Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Calcification
323(26)
9.1 Introduction
324(1)
9.2 Dystrophic Calcification
324(1)
9.3 Metastatic Calcification
325(6)
9.4 Heterotopic Bone Formation
331(13)
9.4.1 Pathophysiology
331(3)
9.4.2 Scintigraphic Evaluation
334(5)
9.4.3 Correlative Imaging
339(1)
9.4.4 Special Forms of Heterotopic Bone Formation
339(5)
9.5 Calcinosis Cutis
344(1)
9.5.1 Calcinosis Cutis Universalis
344(1)
9.5.2 Calcinosis Cutis Circumscripta
345(1)
9.6 Rhabdomyolysis
345(4)
References
345(4)
10 Hybrid Imaging in the Diagnosis of Bone Diseases
349(38)
10.1 Introduction
349(1)
10.2 SPECT/CT
349(23)
10.2.1 Uses of SPECT/CT in Neoplastic Diseases
350(3)
10.2.2 Uses of SPECT/CT in Nonneoplastic Diseases
353(19)
10.3 PET/CT
372(6)
10.3.1 F-18FDG PET/CT
372(2)
10.3.2 F-18 Sodium Fluoride PET/CT
374(2)
10.3.3 Combined F-18 NaF and F-18 FDG PET/CT
376(2)
10.3.4 Ga-68-Citrate PET/CT
378(1)
10.3.5 Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT
378(1)
10.4 PET/MR
378(9)
References
382(5)
11 Therapeutic Use of Radionuclides in Bone and Joint Disease
387(30)
11.1 Introduction
388(1)
11.2 Treatment of Cancer-Related Bone Pain
388(9)
11.2.1 Rationale
388(1)
11.2.2 Radiopharmaceuticals
389(3)
11.2.3 Mechanism of Action
392(1)
11.2.4 Choice of Radiopharmaceutical
393(1)
11.2.5 Clinical Use
394(3)
11.3 Radionuclide Synovectomy
397(10)
11.3.1 Rationale
397(1)
11.3.2 Radiopharmaceuticals
397(3)
11.3.3 Choice of Radiopharmaceutical
400(1)
11.3.4 Clinical Uses
401(6)
11.4 Other Radionuclide Therapies
407(10)
11.4.1 Treatment of Primary Osteogenic Sarcoma
407(1)
11.4.2 Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma
408(1)
11.4.3 Multiple Myeloma
408(1)
11.4.4 Treatment of Neuroblastoma
409(1)
11.4.5 Bone Marrow Ablation
410(1)
References
410(7)
Glossary 417(4)
Index 421
Abdelhamid H. Elgazzar, MD, FCAP, is Professor and Chairman, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Kuwait. He graduated from the School of Medicine, University of Cairo, Egypt in 1973 and subsequently trained in Clinical and Anatomic Pathology at the University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita and in Nuclear Medicine at the University of Cincinnati School of Medicine. Dr. Elgazzar is board certified by the American Board of Pathology (Anatomic and Clinical) and by the American Board of Nuclear Medicine. He is a fellow of the College of American Pathologists. He has served as an Associate Professor at the University of Cincinnati, Ohio, and Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, and as Chief of Nuclear Medicine at Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA. Dr. Elgazzar is a reviewer for various peer-reviewed medical journals worldwide. He has received awards from several international professional organizations and is the author or editor of seven books, 6 bookchapters and more than 130 peer-reviewed papers. 
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