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E-grāmata: Our Animal Connection: What Sapiens Can Learn from Other Species

  • Formāts: 410 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Dec-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Jenny Stanford Publishing
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000292145
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  • Bibliotēkām
  • Formāts: 410 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Dec-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Jenny Stanford Publishing
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000292145

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This book covers the many ways humans benefit from interactions with other living species. By studying animals of all kinds and sizes, from microbial organisms to elephants and whales, we can learn about their adaptations to extreme conditions on the planet Earth, about the evolutionary development of specialized capabilities, and about their ways to defend themselves against predators and diseases. The authors discuss the strengths and weaknesses of Homo sapiens, and how the study of animals can make us stronger and healthier. To deepen our knowledge of genetics, molecular and cell biology, physiology and medicine, we need to study model organisms. To cure human disease, we can learn from animals how they have evolved ways to protect themselves. To improve human performance, we can study the animal kingdom’s top performers and learn from their successes. Considering these important pointers, the authors review genetic engineering techniques that can translate our existing and future animal connections into benefits for human health and performance. Finally, they discuss the challenges associated with our animal connection: the history of pandemics caused by bacterial and viral pathogens demonstrates that there is a risk for transmission of diseases that can disrupt human societies. The recent COVID-19 outbreak is covered in detail as an example.

Recenzijas

"The authors provide ample evidence to convey the miraculous diversity of life and all it offers to the human race. They begin with an incredibly comprehensive overview of the hierarchy of life and the evolution of eukaryotic biodiversity, walking readers through foundational biological knowledge such as protein synthesis, gene regulation, and natural selection. They follow with a discussion of specific animal adaptationssuch as avian migration using the Earths magnetic fieldto further illustrate the variety of complex biological mechanisms that evolution produces. Hehenberger and Xia then present comprehensive case studies that demonstrate the level to which some animals have informed our genetic and medical understanding of humans. The ability of the authors to provide robust scientific context for their argument is their greatest strength. The extreme attention to detail provides a biological framework for their case studies, illustrates the number of crucial scientific developments that animals have facilitated, and instills in readers a sense of wonder and profound appreciation for the animal life around us. Ultimately, this volume thoroughly conveys the vast diversity in the animal kingdom, and draws connections between numerous animals and their contributions to modern biological, genetic, and medical knowledge. Hehenberger and Xia exhibit a commitment to understanding and celebrating animals that all humans should maintain."

The Quarterly Review of Biology, USA "The authors provide ample evidence to convey the miraculous diversity of life and all it offers to the human race. They begin with an incredibly comprehensive overview of the hierarchy of life and the evolution of eukaryotic biodiversity, walking readers through foundational biological knowledge such as protein synthesis, gene regulation, and natural selection. They follow with a discussion of specific animal adaptationssuch as avian migration using the Earths magnetic fieldto further illustrate the variety of complex biological mechanisms that evolution produces. Hehenberger and Xia then present comprehensive case studies that demonstrate the level to which some animals have informed our genetic and medical understanding of humans. The ability of the authors to provide robust scientific context for their argument is their greatest strength. The extreme attention to detail provides a biological framework for their case studies, illustrates the number of crucial scientific developments that animals have facilitated, and instills in readers a sense of wonder and profound appreciation for the animal life around us. Ultimately, this volume thoroughly conveys the vast diversity in the animal kingdom, and draws connections between numerous animals and their contributions to modern biological, genetic, and medical knowledge. Hehenberger and Xia exhibit a commitment to understanding and celebrating animals that all humans should maintain."

The Quarterly Review of Biology, USA

Foreword: Learn from Others xi
About BGI and Prof. Yang xv
Acknowledgments xvii
1 Introduction
1(4)
2 Evolution Of Life On Earth
5(20)
What is Life?
5(9)
Again, What is Life?
14(11)
3 Adaptation Of Life To Extreme Conditions
25(22)
What is Hibernation?
27(16)
Cell Biology and Genomics of Adaptation
43(4)
4 Homo Sapiens ("Us"): Strengths And Weaknesses
47(42)
Musculoskeletal System
50(1)
Digestive System
51(1)
Respiratory System
51(1)
Urinary System
52(1)
Endocrine System
53(6)
Cardiovascular System
59(2)
Lymphatic System
61(1)
Nervous System
62(3)
Sensory Nervous System
65(2)
Human Eye (Vision)
67(2)
Human Ear (Hearing)
69(2)
Human Touch
71(1)
Human Taste
71(1)
Human Smell
72(2)
Spatial Navigation
74(1)
What is Pain?
75(4)
Sapiens Challenges and Weaknesses
79(3)
What is it That Kills Homo Sapiens?
82(2)
The Human Brain, The Big Differentiator
84(5)
5 The Human Microbiome: How Our Health Is Impacted By Microorganisms
89(18)
Diabetes and Intestinal Microbes
96(1)
Intestinal Microorganisms and Immune System
97(1)
The Role of the Appendix
98(1)
Intestinal Microorganisms and Antibiotic Use
99(1)
Intestinal Microbiology and Neurodevelopment
99(1)
Intestinal Microorganisms and Obesity
100(1)
Intestinal Microorganisms and Hypertension
100(1)
Intestinal Microbes and Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
100(1)
Intestinal Microorganisms and Tumors
101(1)
Intestinal Microbes and Neurobehavioral Diseases
101(1)
Intestinal Microbiology and Biological Clock
102(1)
Intestinal Microbes and Human Mental Health
103(4)
6 Animals With Connection To Human Knowledge, Health, And Performance
107(144)
6A Human Knowledge
107(1)
HGP specific Model Organisms
108(9)
Biomedical Model Organisms
117(26)
The Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
117(7)
The Mouse (Mus musculus)
124(8)
California Sea Slug (Aplysia californica)
132(5)
The Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
137(6)
6B Human Health
143(43)
The Domestic Pig (Sus domesticus)
146(8)
The Elephant (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus)
154(7)
The Naked Mole Rat (Heterocephalus glaber)
161(6)
The Jellyfish (Scyphozoa, etc.)
167(4)
The Cone Snail (Conus magus, etc.)
171(3)
The Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis)
174(3)
The Gila Monster (Heloderma suspectum) and Salamander (Urodela)
177(4)
The Burmese Python (Python bivittatus)
181(5)
6C Animals With Potential To Improve Human Performance
186(65)
The Atlantic Bay Scallop (Argopecten irradians/Pectinidae)
187(5)
The Owl (Strigiformes)
192(4)
The Pit Vipers (Crotalinae]
196(2)
The Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus)
198(3)
Electric Eel (Electrophorus electricus] and Ghost Knifefish (Apteronotidae)
201(4)
The Dolphin (Cetacea/Delphinidae, etc.)
205(5)
Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
210(5)
The Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
215(2)
The Bar-Headed Goose (Anser indicus)
217(5)
The Wild Yak (Bos mutus) and Domestic Yak (Bos grunniens)
222(4)
The Penguins (Sphenisciformes)
226(6)
The Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus)
232(4)
The Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)
236(3)
The Dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
239(5)
The Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
244(7)
7 Current Use And Future Promise Of Genetic Engineering
251(30)
Environmental Protection
264(2)
Food and Energy
266(1)
Future
267(12)
CRISPR Applications
276(3)
The Future of CRISPR
279(1)
Nanotechnology
279(1)
Summary
280(1)
8 Animal Connection Challenges
281(52)
Plague
282(1)
Influenza
282(1)
Measures to Reduce Pandemic Risk throughout History
283(2)
Viral Pathogens and Therapies
285(2)
Diagnosis
287(10)
Virus classification and the importance of animal transmissions
287(7)
Flaviviruses
294(3)
SARS, MERS, and COVID-19
297(23)
SARS
297(2)
MERS
299(1)
COVID-19
300(2)
Coronavirus history and COVID-19 origin
302(3)
COVID-19 testing
305(3)
COVID-19 clinical picture
308(3)
How epidemiologists hope to control and mitigate COVID-19
311(9)
Are animals better protected against viral attacks, and what could we learn by studying animal models?
320(2)
How molecular biologists hope to develop vaccines and drug treatments
322(7)
Societal and economic consequences
329(4)
Conclusion 333(4)
Appendix: Metric or US "Customary Units" System? 337(6)
References 343(28)
Index 371
Michael Hehenberger is founder and partner of HM NanoMed LLC, Connecticut, USA. He retired in 2013 after a long career with IBM. He obtained his PhD and DSc in quantum chemistry from Uppsala University, Sweden. Throughout his IBM career, he has led collaborations with academic and global industrial life sciences organizations. His efforts have been documented in about 50 publications and book chapters. His first book, titled Nanomedicine: Science, Business, and Impact, was published by Jenny Stanford Publishing in 2015.

Zhi Xia is deputy secretary of the China Science Writers Association, project manager of the National High Technology Research and Development Program ("863" Program) of China, and core member of the Guangdong Provincial Innovation Team. He is also a popular science expert of the Chinese Genetics Society. He has published dozens of academic papers in internationally renowned magazines, more than 100 column articles in journals, and 14 books. He is a recipient of the National Publishing Fund Project, and National Outstanding Science Works Award.