Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xv | |
Chapter 1 History |
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1 | (40) |
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1 | (3) |
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4 | (4) |
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Early Studies (First Half of the Nineteenth Century) |
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8 | (5) |
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C.G. Ehrenberg and J. Muller |
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8 | (5) |
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Second Half of the Nineteenth Century to ca. 1920 |
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13 | (3) |
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E. Haeckel and his Disciples |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (1) |
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Early Twentieth Century (ca. 1920-1940) |
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17 | (3) |
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The Early New Period (ca. 1940-1970) |
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20 | (8) |
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The Origins of Radiolarian Biostratigraphy: 1940s to 1950s |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (4) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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Mid New Period (1970-2000) |
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28 | (9) |
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Current Period (2000-Present) |
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37 | (4) |
Chapter 2 Biology |
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41 | (30) |
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General Characteristics of Planktonic Protist Biology |
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41 | (1) |
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Physical Characteristics of the Pelagic Ocean |
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42 | (4) |
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46 | (1) |
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Ecologic and Behavioral Constraints due to Small Body Size |
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46 | (2) |
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Basic Radiolarian Cellular Structure |
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48 | (5) |
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53 | (2) |
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Skeleton Formation and Growth |
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55 | (4) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (1) |
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Abundance and Role in Carbon Cycle |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
Chapter 3 Ecology |
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71 | (24) |
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71 | (4) |
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75 | (8) |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (3) |
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Longitudinal Gradients and Upwelling Assemblages |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (2) |
Chapter 4 Genetics |
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95 | (22) |
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95 | (1) |
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Molecular Phylogenetic Position of "Radiolarians" within Eukaryotes |
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96 | (1) |
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Molecular Studies of Radiolarian's Position within Eukaryotes |
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97 | (1) |
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Relationships of Radiolarian Clades |
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98 | (4) |
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Origination Times of Radiolarian Clades |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (5) |
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Spumellaria (Shell-Bearing Radiolarians) |
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105 | (1) |
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Collodaria (Colonial or Naked Radiolarians) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Microevolution of Radiolaria |
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107 | (4) |
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Diversity of Pico-Radiolarian Material |
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111 | (1) |
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Transcriptomics of Radiolaria |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
Chapter 5 Taxonomy and Fossil Record |
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117 | (100) |
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117 | (1) |
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Part 1 Radiolarian Taxonomy |
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118 | (75) |
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Principles of Species-Level Taxonomy |
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118 | (3) |
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Rules for Describing and Naming Species |
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121 | (3) |
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Current Status of Descriptive Radiolarian Taxonomy |
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124 | (5) |
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Principles of Higher-Level Taxonomy |
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129 | (1) |
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Haeckel and the Beginnings of Higher-Level Radiolarian Taxonomy |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (2) |
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Higher-Level Taxonomy in Radiolaria |
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134 | (9) |
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The Observational Basis of Taxonomy: Structures of the Radiolarian Shell |
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136 | (3) |
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Higher-Level Taxonomy in this Book |
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139 | (4) |
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Formal Classification of Polycystina |
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143 | (42) |
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143 | (1) |
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Order Spumellaria Ehrenberg 1876 |
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143 | (17) |
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Family Actinommidae Haeckel 1862 |
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145 | (4) |
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Family Heliodiscidae Haeckel 1881 |
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149 | (2) |
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Family Coccodiscidae Haeckel 1862, emend. Sanfilippo and Riedel 1980 |
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151 | (2) |
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Family Pylonlidae Haeckel 1881 |
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153 | (2) |
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Family Lithelidae Haeckel 1862 |
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155 | (1) |
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Family Tholonidae Haeckel 1887 |
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156 | (1) |
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Family Spongodiscidae Haeckel 1862 |
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156 | (4) |
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Order Nassellaria Ehrenberg 1876 |
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160 | (23) |
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Family Plagiacanthidae Hertwig 1879 |
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162 | (1) |
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Family Trissocyclidae (Haeckel) Goll 1968 [ superfamily Acanthodesmiacea] |
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163 | (1) |
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Family Theoperidae Haeckel 1881 |
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163 | (4) |
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Family Artostrobiidae Riedel 1967 |
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167 | (1) |
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Family Pterocoryithidae (Haeckel) Moore 1972 |
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167 | (4) |
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Family Carpocaniidae (Haeckel) Riedel, 1967 [ Carpocaniinae] |
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171 | (2) |
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Family Cannobotryidae Haeckel, 1881 |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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Family CollosphaeridaeIler, 1858 |
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175 | (1) |
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Family Sphaerozoidae Haeckel, 1862 |
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175 | (2) |
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Family Collophidiidae Biard and Suzuki, in Biard et al., 2015 |
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177 | (6) |
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183 | (2) |
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Family Orosphaeridae Haeckel, 1887 |
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183 | (1) |
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Family Saturnalidae Deflandre 1953 |
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184 | (1) |
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Mesozoic and Paleozoic Taxa |
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185 | (1) |
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Species-Level Variation in Radiolaria |
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185 | (8) |
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Part 2 Summary of the Radiolarian Fossil Record |
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193 | (24) |
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194 | (1) |
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Silurian to the Lower Carboniferous |
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195 | (1) |
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Late Paleozoic to Late Mesozoic Siliceous Sedimentation |
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196 | (1) |
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Mass Extinctions at the End of the Paleozoic Era |
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197 | (3) |
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Basal Mesozoic Scarcity of Radiolarian Fossils and Faunal Turnover (Early Triassic) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (3) |
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Triassic-Jurassic Boundary Mass Extinction |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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Early and Middle Jurassic Radiolaria |
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205 | (3) |
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Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (4) |
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The K/T Extinction Event and Early Paleocene |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (3) |
Chapter 6 Preservation and Methods |
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217 | (36) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (9) |
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Geographic Variation in Preservation |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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Differences between Modern and Ancient Oceans |
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224 | (1) |
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Quality of Radiolarian Fossil Record |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (26) |
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Collecting Material from the Water Column |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (5) |
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Collecting Lithified Material from Sections on Land |
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236 | (2) |
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Recovering Radiolarians from Samples |
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238 | (5) |
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Extracting Radiolarians with Intact Protoplasm |
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238 | (1) |
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Extracting Radiolarian Skeletons |
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238 | (4) |
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Separation of Radiolarians from other Chemically Resistant Similar-Sized Components of Residue |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (1) |
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Dissection and Serial Sectioning |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Visualization (enhanced imagery) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (4) |
Chapter 7 Paleoceanography |
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253 | (28) |
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253 | (6) |
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Radiolarians as Tracers of Water Masses |
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259 | (1) |
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Assemblage-Based Methods of Paleoceanographic Analysis |
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259 | (14) |
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Non-temperature Uses of Assemblage Analyses |
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268 | (5) |
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Radiolarians in Bulk: Summary Indices and Non-Taxonomic Uses of Radiolarians in Paleoceanography |
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273 | (8) |
Chapter 8 Radiolarian Biostratigraphy |
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281 | (46) |
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281 | (2) |
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Biostratigraphy in Shallow Marine Rocks: General Aspects |
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283 | (2) |
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Biostratigraphy in Deep-Sea Sediment Sections |
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285 | (2) |
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Other Types of Geochronologic Information |
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287 | (8) |
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Radiometric Dating and Absolute Age |
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287 | (1) |
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Paleomagnetic Stratigraphy |
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288 | (2) |
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Stable Isotope Stratigraphy |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Quantitative Biostratigraphy |
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292 | (3) |
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Cenozoic Radiolarian Stratigraphy |
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295 | (24) |
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296 | (1) |
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Tropical Cenozoic Radiolarian Stratigraphy |
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297 | (2) |
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Subtropical North Atlantic to Arctic |
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299 | (3) |
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302 | (3) |
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305 | (3) |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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Mesozoic Radiolarian Stratigraphy |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (5) |
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Europe and Southwest North America |
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311 | (1) |
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Low-Latitude Western part of Mesotethys |
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311 | (1) |
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Mid-Ltitude Northern Part of Mesotethys |
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311 | (1) |
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Russian Epicontinental Seas |
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312 | (1) |
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East Margin of the Mid-Latitude Pacific |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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The Jurassic-Cretaceous Boundary (Tithonian-Berriasian Boundary) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (2) |
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314 | (2) |
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316 | (1) |
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Triassic-Jurassic Boundary |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (2) |
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Latest Triassic (Rhaetian) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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Late Olenekian to Ladinian |
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318 | (1) |
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Basal Triassic (Induan) and Permian-Triassic (P-T) boundary |
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318 | (1) |
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Paleozoic Radiolarian Stratigraphy |
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319 | (8) |
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319 | (12) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (4) |
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325 | (2) |
Chapter 9 Evolution |
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327 | (66) |
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Introduction and General Principles |
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327 | (3) |
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Features of the Deep-Sea Microfossil Record Relevant to the Study of Evolution |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (15) |
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332 | (1) |
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Examples of Microevolution |
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333 | (13) |
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333 | (6) |
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339 | (5) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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346 | (3) |
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346 | (2) |
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Theories of Diversity and Evolution |
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348 | (1) |
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Macroevolutionary Patterns in Radiolaria |
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349 | (39) |
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349 | (5) |
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Origin of Collodaria and Colonial Radiolaria |
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352 | (2) |
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Origin of Higher Taxa within Radiolaria - General Comments |
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354 | (1) |
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Diversity History of Radiolarians |
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354 | (10) |
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Methods of Diversity Reconstruction |
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354 | (4) |
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Other Problems of Diversity Reconstruction |
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358 | (1) |
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Data for Diversity Reconstruction |
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358 | (1) |
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Global Phanerozoic Diversity |
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358 | (5) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (4) |
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Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary |
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368 | (4) |
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372 | (14) |
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Other Aspects of Cenozoic Radiolarian Macroevolutionary Change |
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382 | (4) |
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Phanerozoic Diversity - A More Modest View |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (5) |
References |
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393 | (68) |
Index |
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461 | |