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xi | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
| Note on dialect and transcription |
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xv | |
| Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
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0.1 The research question and its assumptions |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (3) |
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0.3 Methodology and ethical standards for the fieldwork |
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6 | (1) |
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0.4 Researcher's background |
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7 | (2) |
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1.1 Palestinian refugee history |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (2) |
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1.3 Dheisheh refugee camp |
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13 | (2) |
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1.4 Tulkarem refugee camp |
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15 | (2) |
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1.5 Palestinian migrant work in Israel |
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17 | (2) |
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1.6 Experience of Israeli prisons |
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19 | (2) |
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1.7 Large-scale context and small-scale context |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (13) |
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2.1 The observer's paradox |
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23 | (3) |
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2.1.1 Positivism: the researcher is an objective `fly on the wall' |
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23 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Accommodation theory: the tendency to focus on individual instances |
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24 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Fieldwork in practice: a compromise between participating agent and detached observer |
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25 | (1) |
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2.2 A personal account of patterns of interactions |
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26 | (3) |
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2.2.1 Women of the middle generation (1967 generation) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Women of the eldest generation (1948 generation) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Women of the Intifada generation |
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26 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Men of the 1967 generation |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Men of the 1948 generation |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Men of the Intifada generation |
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27 | (2) |
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2.3 A foreign researcher: a relative advantage |
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29 | (1) |
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2.4 How to enter the camps and meet people: the importance of introductions |
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30 | (2) |
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2.4.1 Shuafat refugee camp |
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31 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Dheisheh refugee camp |
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31 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Tulkarem refugee camp |
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32 | (1) |
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2.5 `Don't mention the war': eliciting Hebrew without speaking Hebrew |
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32 | (2) |
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2.6 Conclusion regarding the effect of this particular interviewer on the study: a minimal picture of Hebrew borrowings |
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34 | (1) |
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3 Patterns of lexical borrowing: by type of contact |
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35 | (32) |
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3.1 Contact between Israelis and Palestinians in the context of the economy and the state |
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35 | (1) |
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3.2 Contact setting: work |
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36 | (18) |
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43 | (5) |
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3.2.2 Unmarked borrowing: menahel (manager) |
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48 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Good relations with Israeli managers |
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50 | (4) |
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3.3 Contact setting: the market for Israeli products and technology |
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54 | (2) |
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3.4 Contact setting: Jerusalem social services |
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56 | (2) |
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3.5 Contact setting: the military occupation |
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58 | (6) |
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3.5.1 Unmarked borrowings: mahsom (checkpoint), maxsir (walkie-talkie) |
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62 | (2) |
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3.6 Hebrew borrowings: evidence of limited types of contact between Palestinians and Israelis |
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64 | (3) |
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4 Patterns of lexical borrowing and codeswitching: by function |
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67 | (28) |
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4.1 Function in sociolinguistics |
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67 | (2) |
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4.2 Convenient communication among in-groups |
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69 | (11) |
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4.2.1 The political prisoners' `in-group' |
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71 | (3) |
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4.2.2 The day-migrant workers' `in-group' |
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74 | (6) |
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4.3 Speech behaviour signalling modern lifestyle |
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80 | (7) |
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4.3.1 `Good boys' don't get the girls: rebelling against social norms |
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80 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Wanting the good life |
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81 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Discourse markers kvar, dafka, bidiyuk |
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83 | (3) |
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4.3.4 Older people can be cool too |
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86 | (1) |
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4.4 The ironic subversion of power |
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87 | (8) |
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90 | (5) |
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4.5 Is it justified to classify Hebrew borrowings by function? |
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95 | (1) |
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5 Describing and modelling language change |
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95 | (34) |
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5.1 Key concepts in the analysis of linguistic borrowing |
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95 | (13) |
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5.1.1 Minority, immigrant and subordinate groups and language shift |
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96 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Illegitimacy and stability of the hierarchical situation |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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5.1.4 National-culturalist and economistic rules for linguistic borrowing questioned |
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99 | (4) |
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5.1.5 `Identity' and `conflict' |
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103 | (2) |
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5.1.6 Articulation between language use and power relations |
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105 | (3) |
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5.2 Articulation of ideologies, the context and linguistic practices |
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108 | (12) |
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5.2.1 Palestinian nationalism, Palestinian pragmatism and attitudes to the borrowing of Hebrew |
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108 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Israeli securitism and the pull to Hebrew borrowings relating to military procedures |
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110 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Palestinian nationalism, the calls for boycott of Israeli goods, and the pull to Hebrew borrowings for Israeli products |
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112 | (1) |
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5.2.4 The political economy of cheap labour and the pull to Hebrew borrowings from the workplace |
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112 | (2) |
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5.2.5 Paradoxes of Palestinian nationalism and the pull to Hebrew use by Palestinian political prisoners |
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114 | (2) |
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5.2.6 Paradoxes of Palestinian nationalism and the pull to Hebrew use for humour |
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116 | (1) |
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5.2.7 Israeli consumerism and the Hebrew slang of Shuafat refugee camp's young people |
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117 | (3) |
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5.3 Predicting language shift |
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120 | (2) |
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5.3.1 Future of contact situation |
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120 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Mea culpa: the researcher's attitudes |
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122 | (1) |
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5.4 Gazing into the crystal ball at the future of Hebrew borrowings |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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6.1 Contributions to the field |
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124 | (2) |
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6.2 Limitations of the study |
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126 | (1) |
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6.3 Possible areas of further enquiry |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (78) |
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| Bibliography |
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207 | (10) |
| Index |
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217 | |
