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List of Figures and Tables |
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xii | |
Notes on Contributors |
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xv | |
Introduction |
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1 | (16) |
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Part I Linguistic Diversity: Origins and Measurement |
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1 Linguistic Theory, Linguistic Diversity and Whorfian Economics |
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17 | (44) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.2 Abstract linguistic form, and the rules and conditions which govern it |
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17 | (13) |
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1.3 Linguistic diversity: An illustrative comparison between two languages |
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30 | (8) |
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1.4 Theories of linguistic diversity |
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38 | (4) |
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1.5 Whorfian psychology and economics: Causal relations between language and thought |
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42 | (13) |
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1.6 Non-Whorfian proposals that language influences thought |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (5) |
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2 Dynamic Models of Language Evolution: The Linguistic Perspective |
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61 | (40) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (10) |
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72 | (10) |
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2.4 Dynamic models of language |
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82 | (11) |
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93 | (8) |
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3 Dynamic Models of Language Evolution: The Economic Perspective |
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101 | (20) |
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101 | (1) |
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3.2 How economic forces can influence language dynamics |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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3.4 Economic models of language learning and language use |
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104 | (3) |
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3.5 Dynamic economic models of language use |
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107 | (10) |
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117 | (4) |
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4 What Do We Learn from Neurolinguistics? |
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121 | (16) |
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121 | (1) |
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4.2 Terms, definitions and research areas |
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121 | (4) |
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125 | (2) |
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4.4 Evolution of brain and language relationships |
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127 | (1) |
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4.5 Development of brain and language relationships in childhood |
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128 | (2) |
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4.6 The neurolinguistics of bilingualism |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (5) |
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5 Linguistic Distances and Ethnolinguistic Fractionalization and Disenfranchisement Indices |
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137 | (37) |
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137 | (1) |
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5.2 Languages, dialects and trade languages |
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138 | (3) |
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5.3 Distances between languages |
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141 | (13) |
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5.4 The effects of linguistic distances on economic outcomes |
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154 | (1) |
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5.5 Linguistic distances between groups |
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155 | (1) |
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5.6 Fractionalization and disenfranchisement indices |
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156 | (18) |
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6 Ancestry, Language and Culture |
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174 | (38) |
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174 | (3) |
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177 | (8) |
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185 | (8) |
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6.4 Ancestry and culture: A simple conceptual framework |
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193 | (2) |
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6.5 Ancestry and culture: Empirical evidence |
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195 | (11) |
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206 | (6) |
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7 Language Learning and Communicative Benefits |
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212 | (19) |
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212 | (2) |
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7.2 Communicative benefits |
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214 | (4) |
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218 | (4) |
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7.4 Efficient choices of official languages |
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222 | (6) |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (32) |
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231 | (1) |
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8.2 Emotions and the polyglot |
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232 | (5) |
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8.3 Choosing languages within language communities |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (6) |
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8.6 Between languages: Nabokov, Green and Tabucchi |
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249 | (5) |
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8.7 `Denying' the language in which they wrote: Kafka and Derrida |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (6) |
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Part II Languages and Markets |
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9 Common Spoken Languages and International Trade |
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263 | (27) |
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263 | (1) |
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9.2 Common native and spoken languages around the globe and their measures |
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264 | (4) |
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9.3 A trade economist's stylized view on languages |
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268 | (7) |
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275 | (12) |
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287 | (3) |
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10 Economic Exchange and Business Language in the Ancient World: An Exploratory Review |
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290 | (22) |
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290 | (2) |
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10.2 Language considerations |
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292 | (1) |
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10.3 Context of trade and antiquity |
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293 | (4) |
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297 | (4) |
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10.5 The spoken language of business in the Ancient World |
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301 | (2) |
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10.6 Commercial terms in various languages of the Ancient World |
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303 | (1) |
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10.7 The businessman as unsavoury personage in Greek and Latin literature |
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304 | (2) |
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10.8 Latin: Not just a lingua franca |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (5) |
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11 Language Use in Multinational Corporations: The Role of Special Languages and Corporate Idiolects |
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312 | (30) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (5) |
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11.3 Research on language aspects of the MNC: A pragmatic perspective |
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318 | (10) |
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328 | (7) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (6) |
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12 Language and Migration |
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342 | (31) |
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342 | (1) |
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12.2 The role of language in migration decisions |
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342 | (8) |
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12.3 Language proficiency among migrants |
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350 | (3) |
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12.4 Language and the returns to human capital |
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353 | (8) |
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12.5 Language and migrants' socio-economic assimilation |
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361 | (4) |
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365 | (8) |
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13 Translation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives |
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373 | (30) |
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373 | (3) |
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13.2 International translation flows and the global market of translations |
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376 | (7) |
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13.3 Political, economic and cultural factors |
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383 | (7) |
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13.4 Selection, import and reception patterns |
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390 | (7) |
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397 | (6) |
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14 Languages, Fees and the International Scope of Patenting |
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403 | (22) |
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Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie |
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403 | (2) |
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14.2 Institutional background and hypotheses |
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405 | (4) |
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14.3 Data and econometric modelling |
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409 | (6) |
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14.4 Empirical implementation and results |
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415 | (4) |
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419 | (6) |
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Part III Linguistic Policies and Economic Development |
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15 Linguistic Cleavages and Economic Development |
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425 | (22) |
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425 | (2) |
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15.2 A phylogenetic approach to linguistic diversity |
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427 | (6) |
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15.3 Linguistic diversity, redistribution and economic growth |
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433 | (2) |
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15.4 Linguistic diversity and economic development |
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435 | (7) |
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442 | (5) |
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16 Language Choices: Political and Economic Factors in Three European States |
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447 | (42) |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (10) |
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16.3 Language, advantage and group membership |
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459 | (23) |
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16.4 Conclusion: The role of elites |
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482 | (7) |
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17 Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development in South Asia |
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489 | (24) |
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489 | (5) |
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494 | (3) |
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497 | (7) |
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504 | (2) |
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506 | (2) |
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508 | (5) |
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18 Is Language Destiny? The Origins and Consequences of Ethnolinguistic Diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa |
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513 | (25) |
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513 | (2) |
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18.2 Why does Africa have such high levels of linguistic diversity? |
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515 | (9) |
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18.3 The economic and political effects of linguistic diversity |
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524 | (9) |
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533 | (5) |
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19 Languages, Regional Conflicts and Economic Development: Russia |
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538 | (45) |
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538 | (2) |
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19.2 The standardization of the Russian language in late medieval Russia (16--17th centuries) |
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540 | (1) |
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19.3 Language policy in the context of the reforms of Peter the Great and his successors (18th century) |
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541 | (1) |
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19.4 The role of foreign languages in Russia of the late 18th and early 19th centuries |
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542 | (2) |
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19.5 Language policy in the context of the territorial expansion of the Russian Empire (17--19th centuries) |
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544 | (11) |
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19.6 Language and politics in late imperial Russia |
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555 | (4) |
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19.7 The socialist revolution of 1917 and early Soviet language policy (1920--1930) |
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559 | (3) |
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19.8 Late Soviet language policy (1930--1980) |
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562 | (8) |
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19.9 Russian and other languages of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet period |
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570 | (2) |
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19.10 Summary: Socio-economic and political factors and implications of language policy in Russia in historical perspective |
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572 | (11) |
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Part IV Globalization and Minority Languages |
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20 English as a Global Language |
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583 | (33) |
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583 | (1) |
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20.2 The status of English as a global language |
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584 | (5) |
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20.3 Areas where English faces sharp limits |
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589 | (13) |
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602 | (5) |
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20.5 Welfare implications |
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607 | (9) |
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21 Challenges of Minority Languages |
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616 | (43) |
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616 | (1) |
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21.2 What is a minority language? |
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617 | (4) |
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21.3 The economics of minority language protection and promotion |
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621 | (2) |
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21.4 Capacity, opportunity and desire: An overview of the basic model |
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623 | (3) |
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21.5 Conditions for effective policies |
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626 | (8) |
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21.6 Guidelines for language policy |
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634 | (3) |
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21.7 The costs and net value of minority language policies |
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637 | (6) |
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21.8 About contingent and absolute multilingualism |
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643 | (4) |
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647 | (12) |
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22 Language Rights: A Welfare-Economics Approach |
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659 | (30) |
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659 | (5) |
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664 | (7) |
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22.3 Modifications due to endogenous preferences |
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671 | (5) |
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22.4 Modifications due to redistribution |
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676 | (5) |
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681 | (8) |
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23 A Game-Theoretic Analysis of Minority Language Use in Multilingual Societies |
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689 | (23) |
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689 | (3) |
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23.2 Multilingual societies |
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692 | (3) |
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23.3 The reference point: Linguistic rights, linguistic politeness and expectations |
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695 | (2) |
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23.4 The maximin language choice |
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697 | (1) |
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23.5 Information in modern multilingual societies |
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698 | (1) |
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23.6 The ultimatum language game |
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699 | (4) |
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23.7 The bilinguals as a player population: The building of linguistic conventions |
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703 | (3) |
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23.8 Linguistic politeness equilibrium |
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706 | (1) |
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707 | (1) |
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708 | (4) |
Name Index |
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712 | (18) |
Subject Index |
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730 | |