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Parameter Hierarchies and Universal Grammar [Hardback]

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(Professor of Linguistics, University of Cambridge)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 730 pages, height x width x depth: 248x176x45 mm, weight: 1372 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Jun-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198804636
  • ISBN-13: 9780198804635
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Parameter Hierarchies and Universal GrammarPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 730 pages, height x width x depth: 248x176x45 mm, weight: 1372 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Jun-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0198804636
  • ISBN-13: 9780198804635
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780198804635.html
Keywords:
This book develops a minimalist approach to cross-linguistic morphosyntactic variation. Ian Roberts argues that the essential insight of the principles-and-parameters approach to variation can be maintained - albeit in a somewhat different guise - in the context of the minimalist program for linguistic theory. The central idea is to organize the parameters of Universal Grammar (UG) into hierarchies that define the ways in which properties of individually variant categories and features may act in concert. A further leading idea, which is consistent with the overall goal of the minimalist programme to reduce the content of UG, is that the parameter hierarchies are not directly determined by UG, and are instead emergent properties stemming from the interaction of the three factors in language design. Cross-linguistic variation in word order, null subjects, incorporation, verb-movement, case/alignment, wh-movement, and negation are all analyzed in the light of this approach. This book represents a significant new contribution to the formal study of cross-linguistic morphosyntactic variation on both the empirical and theoretical levels, and will appeal to researchers and students in all areas of theoretical linguistics and comparative syntax.
Acknowledgements xi
List of abbreviations
xiii
Introduction 1(10)
1 Parameters
11(1)
1.1 The `classical' view of Principles and Parameters and its problems
11(2)
1.1.1 Chomsky (1981) and its antecedents
13(3)
1.1.2 The explanatory value of the P&P approach
16(2)
1.1.3 The scope of P&P theory
18(5)
1.2 Questions for classical parameter theory: the Romance languages
23(1)
1.2.1 Variation in subject clitics
24(7)
1.2.2 Variation in negation
31(3)
1.2.3 Variation in enclisis of object clitics
34(5)
1.2.4 Variation in past-participle agreement
39(2)
1.2.5 Variation in the nature and choice of aspectual auxiliaries
41(5)
1.2.6 A comparison with Japanese
46(7)
1.3 Micro- and macroparameters
53(5)
1.3.1 In favour of microparameters
58(1)
1.3.1.1 Formal features and the Borer-Chomsky Conjecture
58(3)
1.3.1.2 Microparameters and restrictiveness
61(4)
1.3.1.3 Language acquisition
65(3)
1.3.1.4 Underspecification and the form of parameters
68(3)
1.3.1.5 Conclusion on microparametric approaches
71(1)
1.3.2 Macroparameters: Baker (2008a)
72(3)
1.4 Combining micro- and macroparameters
75(1)
1.4.1 A taxonomy of parameters
75(2)
1.4.2 Macroparameters
77(1)
1.4.3 Mesoparameters
78(2)
1.4.4 Microparameters
80(5)
1.4.5 Nanoparameters
85(3)
1.4.6 Conclusion
88(1)
1.5 Parameter hierarchies
89(1)
1.5.1 Parameters and the three factors of language design
90(2)
1.5.2 Two third-factor principles
92(2)
1.5.3 The learning procedure
94(3)
1.5.4 Consequences of the approach: a parameter hierarchy
97(2)
1.5.5 Extending emergentism
99(2)
1.6 Summary and conclusion
101(2)
2 Word order and the Final-Over-Final Condition
103(1)
2.1 Introduction: the head parameter, antisymmetry, and linearization
103(8)
2.2 The Final-Over-Final Condition
111(2)
2.3 Empirical motivation for FOFC
113(1)
2.3.1 Clausal word order in Germanic
113(4)
2.3.2 FOFC at the CP/TP level
117(5)
2.3.3 Mixed projections in the nominal domain: Finnish and Latin
122(4)
2.3.4 Morphology
126(5)
2.3.5 Diachronic evidence
131(6)
2.3.6 Conclusion: summary of the empirical motivation for FOFC
137(1)
2.4 Accounting for FOFC
138(3)
2.4.1 FOFC in terms of movement: Biberauer, Holmberg, & Roberts (2014)
141(4)
2.4.2 Extended projections and locality
145(3)
2.4.3 FOFC and approaches to linearization
148(8)
2.4.4 Labelling, cyclicity, and FOFC
156(8)
2.5 The theory of word-order variation
164(3)
2.5.1 Formulating the word-order hierarchy
167(10)
2.5.2 FOFC, Universal 20, and the word-order hierarchy
177(5)
2.5.3 The word-order hierarchy and roll-up parameters
182(5)
2.6 Conclusion: interacting factors in cross-linguistic word-order variation
187(4)
3 Null subjects
191(1)
3.1 Introduction
191(1)
3.2 Preliminaries: a brief history and initial typology of null subjects
192(1)
3.2.1 A brief history of the null-subject parameter
192(7)
3.2.2 Consistent NSLs
199(8)
3.2.3 Partial NSLs
207(9)
3.2.4 Radical/discourse pro-drop languages
216(7)
3.2.5 A typology of NSLs (first pass)
223(5)
3.3 The internal structure of `pro'
228(1)
3.3.1 Barbosa (to appear): similarities between partial and radical NSLs
228(4)
3.3.2 Extension to CNSLs
232(5)
3.3.3 The typology of NSLs (second pass)
237(1)
3.4 The nature of `pro'
238(1)
3.4.1 Aspects of the semantics of `pro'
239(4)
3.4.2 `Pro' and the Person feature
243(4)
3.4.3 `Pro-licensing* and the typology of null subjects
247(7)
3.5 Arbitrary pronouns
254(1)
3.5.1 Arbitrary `pro' in CNSLs and the external argument
255(6)
3.5.2 Interpretations of arbs
261(4)
3.5.3 Four observations about English arb elements
265(4)
3.5.4 Arb across languages
269(1)
3.5.4.1 The Finnish G-pronoun (Holmberg 2010b)
269(2)
3.5.4.2 German impersonal passives
271(4)
3.5.4.3 Turkish impersonal passives
275(3)
3.5.5 Two ways to license arbitrary pronouns
278(3)
3.6 cp-features: hierarchies and interfaces
281(2)
3.6.1 cp-features, cp-hierarchies, and (p-parameters
283(6)
3.6.2 The question of `rich agreement'
289(4)
3.6.3 No-choice parameters and cp-features
293(2)
3.7 Conclusions: the nature of null subjects and the null-subject parameter hierarchy
295(6)
4 Incorporation
301(1)
4.1 Introduction
301(1)
4.2 The internal structure of and relations in DP
302(1)
4.2.1 N-D relations: Longobardi (2008)
302(1)
4.2.1.1 Longobardi (2008) on nominal mapping
302(4)
4.2.1.2 Parameters of nominal mapping
306(4)
4.2.2 Person and the internal structure of DP
310(4)
4.2.3 Conclusion
314(1)
4.3 Polysynthesis and noun-incorporation
315(1)
4.3.1 Baker (1996): the basic generalization and its consequences
315(7)
4.3.2 Branigan (2012): multiple head-movement
322(4)
4.4 Syntactic analyticity
326(1)
4.4.1 Analyticity in DP
326(4)
4.4.2 Analyticity in vP
330(1)
4.4.3 Analyticity in operators
330(2)
4.4.4 Analytic modification
332(2)
4.4.5 Conclusion
334(3)
4.5 Conclusions: a hierarchy for individual-denoting features
337(5)
5 Verb-movement
342(1)
5.1 Introduction
342(1)
5.2 A very brief excursus into Davidsonian event semantics (Davidson 1967)
343(4)
5.3 Tense and the event variable
347(1)
5.3.1 Strong-Tense languages: verb-movement in Romance
348(11)
5.3.2 Weak-Tense languages: English and elsewhere
359(12)
5.3.3 The English auxiliary system
371(7)
5.4 A No-Tense language: Chinese again
378(5)
5.5 Further variation in verb-movement
383(1)
5.5.1 V-initial languages
383(1)
5.5.1.1 Type A V-initial languages
384(10)
5.5.1.2 Type B V-initial languages
394(4)
5.5.2 Germanic verb-second
398(5)
5.6 Diachronic implications of parameter taxonomy: conditional inversion in the history of English
403(6)
5.7 Conclusions: macrotypology of Person and Tense
409(10)
6 Case and alignment
419(1)
6.1 Introduction
419(1)
6.2 Passives
420(1)
6.2.1 Adjectival and verbal passives; passives and impersonals
420(10)
6.2.2 Voice, passives, and external θ-roles
430(9)
6.2.3 A parameter hierarchy for passives
439(1)
6.2.3.1 The core parameter
440(1)
6.2.3.2 The generalization parameter
441(3)
6.2.3.3 The restriction parameter
444(2)
6.2.3.4 The EPP parameter
446(3)
6.2.3.5 Suppression of Voice's Person features
449(4)
6.2.4 Some putative universals of passives
453(5)
6.2.5 Further questions: passives of verbs with clausal complements
458(6)
6.2.6 Conclusion
464(1)
6.3 Ergativity
464(1)
6.3.1 Introduction
464(3)
6.3.2 The nature of ergative alignment
467(5)
6.3.3 A parameter hierarchy for ergative alignments
472(9)
6.3.4 Some implicational universals concerning ergativity
481(5)
6.3.5 Conclusion
486(1)
6.4 Other Case-related hierarchies: causatives and ditransitives
487(1)
6.4.1 Causatives
487(12)
6.4.2 Ditransitives
499(7)
6.4.3 Conclusion: the nature of alignment hierarchies
506(10)
6.5 Conclusion: Case macroparameters
516(12)
7 Wh-movement and negation
528(1)
7.1 Introduction
528(1)
7.2 Wh-parameters
529(1)
7.2.1 Wh-movement parameters
529(18)
7.2.2 Q-particles
547(1)
7.2.2.1 Cheng's (1991) generalizations
548(5)
7.2.2.2 Abstract Q-particles
553(10)
7.2.3 Conclusion
563(1)
7.3 Negation
563(1)
7.3.1 Negative concord and multiple negation
563(15)
7.3.2 Clausal negators
578(21)
7.3.3 Conclusion
599(1)
7.4 Conclusion
600(5)
8 Conclusion: towards a minimalist theory of syntactic variation
605(16)
References 621(64)
Index of languages 685(9)
Index of names 694(9)
Subject index 703
Ian Roberts is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Cambridge, having previously held positions in Geneva, Bangor, and Stuttgart. He has worked extensively on the comparative and historical syntax within the framework of Universal Grammar, with a particular focus on the Germanic, Romance, and Celtic languages. His many books include Diachronic Syntax (OUP, 2007), Agreement and Head Movement (MIT Press, 2010), and The Wonders of Language, or How to Make Noises and Influence People (CUP, 2017). He is the editor of The Oxford Handbook of Universal Grammar (OUP, 2016; paperback 2018).