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Parameterized Complexity 1999 ed. [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 533 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 2100 g, XV, 533 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Monographs in Computer Science
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Nov-1998
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 038794883X
  • ISBN-13: 9780387948836
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 533 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 2100 g, XV, 533 p., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Monographs in Computer Science
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Nov-1998
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
  • ISBN-10: 038794883X
  • ISBN-13: 9780387948836
The idea for this book was conceived over the second bottle of Villa Maria's Caber­ net Medot '89, at the dinner of the Australasian Combinatorics Conference held at Palmerston North, New Zealand in December 1990, where the authors first met and discovered they had a number of interests in common. Initially, we embarked on a small project to try to formulate reductions to address the apparent parame­ terized intractability of DOMINATING SET, and to introduce a structure in which to frame our answers. Having spent several months trying to get the definitions for the reductions right (they now seem so obvious), we turned to our tattered copies of Garey and Johnson's work [ 239]. We were stunned to find that virtually none of the classical reductions worked in the parameterized setting. We then wondered if we'd be able to find any interesting reductions. Several years, many more bottles, so many papers, and reductions later it [ 3] seemed that we had unwittingly stumbled upon what we believe is a truly central and new area of complexity theory. It seemed to us that the material would be of great interest to people working in areas where exact algorithms for a small range of parameters are natural and useful (e. g. , Molecular Biology, VLSI design). The tractability theory was rich with distinctive and powerful techniques. The intractability theory seemed to have a deep structure and techniques all of its own.

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Preface v(2)
Acknowledgements vii(6)
List of Figures
xiii
1 Computers, Complexity, and Intractability from the Parametric Point of View
1(20)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 The Role of Computational Complexity in Modern Science
2(3)
1.3 The Story of Dr. O, Continued
5(1)
1.4 Reworking the Foundations of Computational Complexity
6(1)
1.5 A Deal with the Devil
7(1)
1.6 How Parameters Arise in Practice
8(3)
1.7 A Distinctive Positive Toolkit
11(2)
1.8 O No?
13(1)
1.9 The Barometer of Parametric Intractability
14(4)
1.10 Structural Aspects of Parameterized Complexity
18(1)
1.11 An Overview of Current Research Horizons
19(2)
I Parameterized Tractability 21(204)
2 The Basic Definitions
23(6)
2.1 Fixed-Parameter Tractability
23(3)
2.2 The Advice View
26(3)
3 Some Ad Hoc Methods: The Methods of Bounded Search Tree and Problem Kernel
29(20)
3.1 The Method of Bounded Search Trees
29(10)
3.1.1 The Basic Method
29(6)
3.1.2 Heuristic Improvements, Shrinking the Search Tree
35(4)
3.2 The Method of Reduction to a Problem Kernel
39(10)
3.2.1 The Basic Method
39(4)
3.2.2 Hereditary Properties and Leizhen Cai's Theorem
43(6)
4 Optimization Problems, Approximation Schemes, and Their Relation with FPT
49(12)
4.1 Optimization Problems
49(1)
4.2 How FPT and Optimization Problems Relate
50(4)
4.3 The Classes MAXSNP, MIN F(+)Pi(1)(h), and FPT
54(7)
5 The Advice View Revisited and LOGSPACE
61(6)
6 Methods via Automata and Bounded Treewidth
67(76)
6.1 Classical Automata Theory
67(32)
6.1.1 Deterministic Finite Automata
67(2)
6.1.2 Nondeterministic Finite Automata
69(7)
6.1.3 Regular Languages
76(4)
6.1.4 The Myhill-Nerode Theorem and the Method of Test Sets
80(9)
6.1.5 Classical Tree Automata
89(10)
6.2 Treewidth
99(6)
6.3 Bodlaender's Theorem
105(8)
6.4 Parse Trees for Graphs of Bounded Treewidth and an Analog of the Myhill-Nerode Theorem
113(17)
6.5 Courcelle's Theorem
130(8)
6.5.1 The Basic Theorem
130(6)
6.5.2 Implementing Courcelle's Theorem
136(2)
6.6 Seese's Theorem
138(2)
6.7 Notes on MS(1) Theory
140(3)
7 Well-Quasi-Orderings and the Robertson-Seymour Theorems
143(68)
7.1 Basic WQO Theory
143(13)
7.2 Thomas' Lemma
156(13)
7.2.1 Thomas' Lemma Fails for Path Decompositions
164(5)
7.3 The Graph Minor Theorem for Bounded Treewidth
169(9)
7.4 Excluding a Forest
178(3)
7.5 Connections with Automata Theory and Boundaried Graphs
181(8)
7.6 A Sketch of the Proof of the Graph Minor Theorem
189(3)
7.7 Immersions and the Nash-Williams Conjecture
192(2)
7.8 Applications of the Obstruction Principle and WQO's
194(7)
7.9 Effectivizations of Obstruction-Based Methods
201(10)
7.9.1 Effectivization by Self-Reduction
202(3)
7.9.2 Effectivization by Obstruction Set Computation
205(6)
8 Miscellaneous Techniques
211(14)
8.1 Depth-First Search
211(4)
8.2 Bounded-Width Subgraphs, the Plehn-Voigt Theorem, and Induced Subgraphs
215(5)
8.3 Hashing
220(5)
II Parameterized Intractability 225(126)
9 Reductions
227(8)
10 The Basic Class W[ 1] and an Analog of Cook's Theorem
235(20)
11 Some Other W[ 1]-Hardness Results
255(28)
12 The W-Hierarchy
283(32)
13 Beyond W[ t]-Hardness
315(16)
14 Fixed Parameter Analogs of PSPACE and k-Move Games
331(10)
15 Provable Intractability: The Class X P
341(10)
III Structural and Other Results 351(88)
16 Another Basis for the W-Hierarchy, the Tradeoff-Theorem, and Randomized Reductions
353(10)
17 Relationships with Classical Complexity and Limited Nondeterminism
363(14)
17.1 Classical Complexity
363(6)
17.2 Nondeterminism in P, LOGNP, and the Cai-Chen Model and Other Models
369(8)
18 The Monotone and Antimonotone Collapse Theorems: MONOTONE W[ 2t + 1] = W[ 2t] and ANTIMONOTONE W[ 2t + 2] = W[ 2t + 1]
377(12)
19 The Structure of Languages Under Parameterized Reducibilities
389(50)
19.1 Some Tools
389(26)
19.2 Results
415(24)
IV Appendix 439(50)
A A Problem Compendium and Guide to W-Hierarchy Completeness, Hardness, and Classification; and Some Research Horizons
441(40)
A.1 In FPT
441(10)
A.2 In FPT (Nonuniform)
451(1)
A.3 In Randomized FPT
452(1)
A.4 W[ 1]-Complete
453(5)
A.5 W[ 1]-Hard, in W[ 2]
458(2)
A.6 W[ 1]-Hard, in W[ P]
460(1)
A.7 W[ 1]-Hard
460(3)
A.8 W[ 2]-Complete
463(2)
A.9 W[ 2]-Hard, in W[ P]
465(1)
A.10 W[ 2]-Hard
466(1)
A.11 W[ t]-Complete
467(1)
A.12 W[ t]-Hard, for All t, in W[ P]
468(1)
A.13 W[ t]-Hard, for All t
468(5)
A.14 W[ SAT]-Hard
473(1)
A.15 W[ P]-Complete
473(3)
A.16 AW[ *] = AW[ 1] = AW[ t]-Complete
476(2)
A.17 AW[ SAT]-Complete
478(1)
A.18 AW[ SAT]-Hard
478(1)
A.19 AW[ P]-Complete
479(1)
A.20 AW[ P]-Hard
480(1)
A.21 X P-Complete
480(1)
B Research Horizons
481(8)
B.1 A Lineup of FPT Suspects
481(2)
B.2 A Lineup of Tough Customers
483(3)
B.3 Connections Between Classical and Parameterized Complexity
486(1)
B.4 Classification Gaps
486(1)
B.5 Structural Issues and Analogs of Classical Results
487(1)
B.6 The FPT Toolkit and Further Business with the Devil
487(2)
References 489(28)
Index 517