Atjaunināt sīkdatņu piekrišanu

Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th edition [Hardback]

3.91/5 (477 ratings by Goodreads)
(Professor, College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT), (Professor Emeritus, College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 1720 pages, weight: 3670 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Mar-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Mosby
  • ISBN-10: 0323583474
  • ISBN-13: 9780323583473
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts: Hardback, 1720 pages, weight: 3670 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Mar-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Mosby
  • ISBN-10: 0323583474
  • ISBN-13: 9780323583473
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Learn the what, how, and why of pathophysiology! With easy-to-read, in-depth descriptions of disease, disease etiology, and disease processes, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 8th Edition helps you understand the most important and most complex pathophysiology concepts. This updated text includes more than 1,300 full-color illustrations and photographs to make it easier to identify normal anatomy and physiology, as well as alterations of function. This edition includes a NEW chapter on obesity and nutritional disorders, along with expanded coverage of rare diseases and epigenetics. Its the most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text available!The most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text on the market provides unparalleled coverage of Pathophysiology content.Over 1,300 full-color illustrations and photographs depict the clinical manifestations of disease and disease processes - more than in any other pathophysiology text.Consistent presentation of diseases includes pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment. Lifespan content includes ten separate pediatric chapters and special sections with aging and pediatrics content. Outstanding authors Kathryn McCance and Sue Huether have extensive backgrounds as researchers and instructors, and utilize expert contributors, consultants, and reviewers in developing this edition.Algorithms and flowcharts of diseases and disorders make it easy for you to follow the sequential progression of disease processes.Additional Whats New boxes highlight the most current research and clinical development.Nutrition and Disease boxes explain the link between concepts of health promotion and disease.Chapter summary reviews provide concise synopses of the main points of each chapter. NEW! Chapter on obesity and nutritional disorders thoroughly covers these growing global concerns. NEW! Added coverage of rare diseases and epigenetics further explore genetic disease traits. NEW! Over 50 new or heavily revised illustrations visually highlight pathophysiology concepts.NEW! More than 30 new 3D animations on Evolve bring difficult concepts to life for a new perspective on disease processes.
Introduction to Pathophysiology xiii
Part One: Central Concepts of Pathophysiology: Cells and Tissues 1(432)
Unit I The Cell
1 Cellular Biology
2(44)
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
3(1)
Cellular Functions
3(1)
Structure and Function of Cellular Components
3(14)
Nucleus
3(1)
Cytoplasmic Organelles
3(9)
Plasma Membranes
12(4)
Cellular Receptors
16(1)
Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
17(2)
Extracellular Matrix and Basement Membrane
17(2)
Specialized Cell Junctions
19(1)
Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction
19(3)
Signal Transduction
20(1)
Extracellular Messengers and Channel Regulation
21(1)
Second Messengers
22(1)
Cellular Metabolism
22(5)
Role of Adenosine Triphosphate
23(1)
Food and Production of Cellular Energy
24(2)
Oxidative Phosphorylation
26(1)
Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output
27(8)
Electrolytes as Solutes
29(2)
Transport by Vesicle Formation
31(3)
Movement of Electrical Impulses: Membrane Potentials
34(1)
Cellular Reproduction: The Cell Cycle
35(3)
Phases of Mitosis and Cytokinesis
36(1)
The Cell Cycle Control System
36(1)
Control of Cell Division and Cell Growth: Mitogens, Growth Factors, and Survival Factors
37(1)
DNA Damage Response: Blocks Cell Division
38(1)
Tissues
38(8)
Tissue Formation
38(1)
Types of Tissues
39(7)
2 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology: Environmental Agents
46(58)
Cellular Adaptation
47(2)
Atrophy
47(1)
Hypertrophy
48(1)
Hyperplasia
48(1)
Dysplasia: Not a True Adaptive Change
49(1)
Metaplasia
49(1)
Cellular Injury
49(34)
General Mechanisms of Cell Injury
50(1)
Ischemic and Hypoxic Injury
51(1)
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
52(1)
Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species
53(4)
Chemical or Toxic Injury
57(4)
Air Pollution
61(9)
Unintentional and Intentional Injuries
70(4)
Infectious Injury
74(1)
Immunologic and Inflammatory Injury
74(1)
Injurious Genetic/Epigenetic Factors
74(1)
Injurious Nutritional Imbalances
74(1)
Injurious Physical Agents
75(8)
Manifestations of Cellular Injury
83(4)
Cellular Manifestations: Accumulations
83(4)
Systemic Manifestations
87(1)
Cellular Death
87(10)
Necrosis
88(1)
Apoptosis
89(2)
Autophagy
91(1)
Aging and Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
92(2)
Normal Life Span and Life Expectancy
94(3)
Somatic Death
97(7)
3 The Cellular Environment: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
104(29)
Distribution of Body Fluids
104(2)
Aging and Distribution of Body Fluids
105(1)
Water Movement Between ICF and ECF
105(1)
Water Movement Between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid
106(1)
Alterations in Water Movement
106(2)
Edema
106(2)
Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance
108(2)
Sodium and Chloride Balance
108(1)
Water Balance
109(1)
Alterations in Sodium, Water, and Chloride Balance
110(4)
Isotonic Alterations
110(1)
Hypertonic Alterations
111(1)
Hypotonic Alterations
112(2)
Alterations in Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Balance
114(8)
Potassium
114(5)
Calcium and Phosphate
119(2)
Magnesium
121(1)
Acid-Base Balance
122(11)
Hydrogen Ion and pH
122(1)
Buffer Systems
122(3)
Acid-Base Imbalances
125(8)
Unit II Genes, Gene-Environment Interaction, and Epigenetics
4 Genes and Genetic Diseases
133(27)
DNA, RNA, and Proteins: Heredity at the Molecular Level
134(6)
DNA
134(4)
From Genes to Proteins
138(2)
Chromosomes
140(7)
Chromosome Aberrations and Associated Diseases
141(6)
Elements of Formal Genetics
147(1)
Phenotype and Genotype
147(1)
Dominance and Recessiveness
147(1)
Transmission of Genetic Diseases
147(8)
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
149(2)
Autosomal Recessive Inheritance
151(1)
X-Linked Inheritance
152(2)
Evaluation of Pedigrees
154(1)
Linkage Analysis and Gene Identification
155(5)
5 Genes, Environment-Lifestyle, and Common Diseases
160(17)
Factors Influencing Incidence of Disease in Populations
160(1)
Concepts of Incidence and Prevalence
160(1)
Analysis of Risk Factors
161(1)
Principles of Multifactorial Inheritance
161(3)
Basic Model
161(1)
Threshold Model
161(2)
Recurrence Risks and Transmission Patterns
163(1)
Nature and Nurture: Disentangling the Effects of Genes and Environment
164(2)
Twin Studies
164(1)
Adoption Studies
165(1)
Genetics of Common Diseases
166(11)
Congenital Malformations
166(1)
Multifactorial Disorders in the Adult Population
167(10)
6 Epigenetics and Disease
177(13)
Overview of Epigenetic Mechanisms
178(2)
DNA Methylation
178(1)
DNA Hydroxymethylation
179(1)
Histone Modifications
179(1)
Noncoding RNAs
179(1)
Epigenetics and Human Development
180(1)
Genomic Imprinting
180(2)
Prader-Willi and Angelman Syndromes
180(1)
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
181(1)
Russell-Silver Syndrome
181(1)
Epigenetics in Cognitive Development and Mental Health
182(1)
Epigenetics and Ethanol Exposure in Utero
182(1)
Epigenetics and Mental Health
182(1)
Fragile X Syndrome: A Genetic/Epigenetic Syndrome
182(1)
Exploring the Possible Multigenerational Persistence of Epigenetic States That Arise in Response to Environmental Factors
182(1)
Epigenetics and Nutrition
182(1)
Epigenetics and Maternal Care
183(1)
Epigenetic Change over the Life Span
183(1)
Twin Studies Reveal Epigenetic Changes over Time
183(1)
Epigenetics and Aging
183(1)
Molecular and Computational Tools for Exploring Epigenetic States
183(1)
Detecting DNA Methylation in Populations of Molecules: Methyl-Sensitive Restriction Enzymes
183(1)
Detecting DNA Methylation in Single Molecules: Bisulfite Conversion
183(1)
Detecting DNA Hydroxymethylation: Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
183(1)
Identifying Histone-Modification States: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
183(1)
Detecting DNA Accessibility States: DNase Hypersensitivity Testing
184(1)
Detecting DNA Accessibility States in Single Molecules: Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin
184(1)
Publicly Available Resources Enable Exploration of Epigenetic States at Genome Scale
184(1)
Epigenetics and Cancer
184(1)
DNA Methylation and Cancer
184(1)
Global Epigenomic Alterations and Cancer
184(1)
Epigenetic Screening for Cancer
184(1)
Misregulation of miRNAs in Cancer
185(1)
Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of Epigenetic Disease
185(1)
DNA Demethylating Agents
185(1)
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
185(1)
miRNA Targeting
186(1)
Future Directions
186(4)
Unit III Mechanisms of Self-Defense
7 Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing
190(30)
Human Defense Mechanisms
191(1)
First Line of Defense: Physical, Mechanical, and Biochemical Barriers and Normal Microbiome
191(3)
Physical and Mechanical Barriers
191(1)
Biochemical Barriers
191(2)
Normal Microbiome
193(1)
Second Line of Defense: Inflammation
194(15)
Vascular Response
194(2)
Plasma Protein Systems
196(3)
Cellular Mediators of Inflammation
199(10)
Local Manifestations of Inflammation
209(1)
Systemic Manifestations of Acute Inflammation
210(1)
Fever
210(1)
Leukocytosis
210(1)
Plasma Protein Synthesis
210(1)
Chronic Inflammation
210(2)
Wound Healing
212(8)
Phase I: Inflammation
212(1)
Phase II: Proliferation and New Tissue Formation (Reconstruction)
212(2)
Phase III: Remodeling and Maturation
214(1)
Dysfunctional Wound Healing
214(1)
Pediatrics: Innate Immunity In the Newborn Child
215(1)
Aging: Innate Immunity In the Older Adult Population
216(4)
8 Adaptive Immunity
220(35)
General Characteristics of Adaptive Immunity
221(3)
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity
223(1)
Active vs. Passive Immunity
223(1)
Recognition and Response
224(7)
Antigens and Immunogens
224(1)
Molecules That Recognize Antigen
225(4)
Molecules That Present Antigen
229(2)
Molecules That Hold Cells Together
231(1)
Cytokines and Their Receptors
231(1)
Generation of Clonal Diversity
231(5)
B-Cell Maturation
232(2)
T-Cell Maturation
234(2)
Induction of an Immune Response: Clonal Selection
236(9)
Secondary Lymphoid Organs
236(1)
Antigen Processing and Presentation
236(4)
T-Helper Lymphocytes
240(1)
B-Cell Clonal Selection: The Humoral Immune Response
240(4)
T-Cell Activation: The Cellular Immune Response
244(1)
Effector Mechanisms
245(10)
Antibody Function
245(2)
T-Lymphocyte Function
247(3)
Fetal and Neonatel Immune Function
250(1)
Aging and Immune Function
251(4)
9 Alterations in Immunity and Inflammation
255(34)
Hypersensitivity: Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Alloimmunity
255(18)
Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity
256(7)
Antigenic Targets of Hypersensitivity Reactions
263(6)
Autoimmune and Alloimmune Diseases
269(4)
Deficiencies in Immunity
273(16)
Initial Clinical Presentation
273(2)
Primary Immune Deficiencies
275(5)
Secondary Immune Deficiencies
280(3)
Evaluation and Care of Those with Immune Deficiency
283(1)
Replacement Therapies for Immune Deficiencies
284(5)
10 Infection
289(34)
Emerging Infections
290(1)
Microorganisms and Humans: A Dynamic Relationship
290(1)
Microorganisms and Infections
291(18)
Clinical Infectious Disease
291(1)
Process of Infection
291(2)
Classes of Infectious Microorganisms
293(16)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
309(7)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
309(3)
Transmission of HIV
312(1)
Pathogenesis of HIV
312(1)
Clinical Manifestations of HIV
312(1)
Treatment and Prevention of HIV
313(2)
Pediatric HIV
315(1)
Countermeasures Against Pathogens
316(7)
Infection Control Measures
316(1)
Antimicrobials
316(2)
Active Immunization: Vaccines
318(1)
Passive Immunotherapy
319(4)
11 Stress and Disease
323(23)
Historical Background and General Concepts
323(1)
Concepts of Stress, Homeostasis, and Allostasis
324(3)
Psychoneuroimmunologic Mediators of Stress
327(1)
Stress Response
327(11)
Sympathetic Nervous System
328(1)
Neuroendocrine Regulation
329(9)
Stress, Illness, and Coping
338(8)
Aging and Stress: Stress-Age Syndrome
340(6)
Unit IV Cellular Proliferation: Cancer
12 Cancer Biology
346(33)
Cancer Characteristics and Terminology
346(3)
Tumor Classification and Nomenclature
347(2)
The Biology of Cancer Cells
349(17)
Genomic Hallmarks
351(7)
Cellular Adaptations
358(2)
Resistance to Destruction
360(4)
Activating Invasion and Metastasis
364(2)
Clinical Manifestations of Cancer
366(4)
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
366(1)
Molecular Mechanisms of Cachexia
367(3)
Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer
370(2)
Histologic Staging
370(1)
Tumor Markers
371(1)
Immunohistochemical and Genetic Analysis
372(1)
Treatment of Cancer
372(3)
Classic Approaches
373(1)
Immunotherapy
373(2)
Targeted Disruption of Cancer
375(4)
13 Cancer Epidemiology
379(47)
Genetics, Epigenetics, and Tissue
379(1)
Incidence and Mortality Trends
380(5)
In Utero and Early Life Conditions
385(3)
Environmental-Lifestyle Factors
388(26)
Tobacco Use
388(4)
Diet
392(1)
Nutrition, Obesity, Alcohol Consumption, and Physical Activity: Impacts on Cancer
392(11)
Air Pollution
403(1)
Ionizing Radiation
404(6)
Ultraviolet Radiation
410(1)
Electromagnetic Radiation
411(1)
Infection, Sexual and Reproductive Behavior, Human Papillomaviruses
412(2)
Other Viruses and Microorganisms
414(1)
Chemicals and Occupational Hazards as Carcinogens
414(12)
14 Cancer in Children
426(8)
Incidence and Types of Cancer
426(1)
Etiology
427(3)
Genetic Factors
427(2)
Environmental Factors
429(1)
Prognosis
430(3)
Part Two: Pathophysiologic Alterations: Organs and Systems 433(1166)
Unit V The Neurologic System
15 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System
434(34)
Overview and Organization of the Nervous System
434(1)
Cells of the Nervous System
435(3)
Neurons
435(1)
Neuroglia and Schwann Cells
435(1)
Nerve Injury and Regeneration
436(2)
Nerve Impulse
438(1)
Synapses
438(1)
Neurotransmitters
438(1)
Central Nervous System
439(16)
Brain
439(8)
Spinal Cord
447(2)
Motor Pathways (Tracts)
449(1)
Sensory Pathways
450(1)
Protective Structures
450(2)
Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System
452(3)
Peripheral Nervous System
455(1)
Autonomic Nervous System
456(6)
Anatomy of the Sympathetic Nervous System
458(1)
Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
458(3)
Aging and the Nervous System
461(1)
Tests of Nervous System Structure and. Function
462(6)
Skull and Spine Roentgenograms
462(1)
Computed Tomography
462(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
463(1)
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
463(1)
Positron-Emission Tomography Scan
463(1)
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
463(1)
Cerebral Angiography
463(1)
Echoencephalography (Ultrasound)
463(1)
Electroencephalography
464(1)
Magnetoencephalography
464(1)
Evoked Potentials
464(1)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis
464(4)
16 Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function
468(36)
Pain
469(8)
Theories of Pain
469(1)
Neuroanatomy of Pain
469(3)
Pain Modulation
472(2)
Clinical Descriptions of Pain
474(3)
Pediatrics and Perception of Pain
477(1)
Aging and Perception of Pain
477(1)
Temperature Regulation
477(6)
Control of Temperature
478(2)
Pediatrics and Temperature Regulation
480(1)
Aging and Temperature Regulation
480(1)
Pathogenesis of Fever
480(1)
Benefits of Fever
481(1)
Disorders of Temperature Regulation
482(1)
Sleep
483(3)
Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
484(1)
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
484(1)
Pediatrics and Sleep Patterns
484(1)
Aging and Sleep Patterns
485(1)
Sleep Disorders
485(1)
Somatosensory Function and the Special Senses
486(18)
Touch
486(1)
Proprioception
486(1)
Vision
487(1)
Aging and Vision
488(5)
Hearing
493(1)
Aging and Hearing
494(2)
Olfaction and Taste
496(1)
Aging and Olfaction and Taste
496(8)
17 Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function
504(46)
Alterations in Cognitive Systems
504(23)
Alterations in Arousal
505(7)
Alterations in Awareness
512(2)
Data Processing Deficits
514(11)
Seizure Disorders
525(2)
Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics
527(3)
Increased Intracranial Pressure
528(1)
Cerebral Edema
529(1)
Hydrocephalus
530(1)
Alterations in Neuromotor Function
530(20)
Alterations in Muscle Tone
531(2)
Alterations in Muscle Movement
533(10)
Alterations in Complex Motor Performance
543(1)
Extrapyramidal Motor Syndromes
544(6)
18 Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and the Neuromuscular Junction
550(50)
Central Nervous System Disorders
550(33)
Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury
550(11)
Degenerative Disorders of the Spine
561(4)
Cerebrovascular Disorders
565(8)
Primary Headache Syndromes
573(1)
Infection and Inflammation of the Central Nervous System
574(7)
Demyelinating Disorders
581(2)
Peripheral Nervous System and Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
583(4)
Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
583(2)
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
585(2)
Tumors of the Central Nervous System
587(13)
Brain Tumors
587(5)
Spinal Cord Tumors
592(8)
19 Neurobiology of Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
600(19)
Schizophrenia
600(5)
Mood Disorders: Depression and Bipolar Disorder
605(6)
Anxiety Disorders
611(3)
Panic Disorder
611(1)
Social Anxiety Disorder
612(1)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
613(1)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
613(1)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
614(5)
20 Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children
619(25)
Development of the Nervous System in Children
619(2)
Structural Malformations
621(5)
Defects of Neural Tube Closure
621(3)
Craniosynostosis
624(1)
Malformations of Brain Development
624(2)
Alterations in Function: Encephalopathies
626(6)
Static Encephalopathies
626(4)
Acute Encephalopathies
630(2)
Cerebrovascular Disease in Children
632(1)
Perinatal Stroke
632(1)
Childhood Stroke
633(1)
Epilepsy and Seizure Disorders in Children
633(2)
Epilepsy Syndromes
634(1)
Childhood Tumors
635(9)
Brain Tumors
635(4)
Retinoblastoma
639(5)
Unit VI The Endocrine System
21 Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
644(25)
Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation
644(4)
Regulation of Hormone Release
645(1)
Hormone Transport
646(1)
Hormone Receptors
646(2)
Hormone Effects
648(1)
Structure and Function of the Endocrine Glands
648(21)
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
648(5)
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
653(3)
Endocrine Pancreas
656(2)
Adrenal Glands
658(4)
Tests of Endocrine Function
662(1)
Aging and the Endocrine System
663(1)
Thyroid Gland
663(1)
The Endocrine Pancreas
663(1)
Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factors
663(1)
Parathyroid Glands
663(1)
Adrenal Glands
664(1)
Antidiuretic Hormone
664(5)
22 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation
669(44)
Mechanisms of Hormonal Alterations
669(1)
Alterations of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary System
670(6)
Diseases of the Posterior Pituitary
670(1)
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion
670(2)
Diseases of the Anterior Pituitary
672(4)
Alterations of Thyroid Function
676(6)
Thyrotoxicosis/Hyperthyroidism
676(3)
Hypothyroidism
679(3)
Alterations of Parathyroid Function
682(2)
Hyperparathyroidism
682(1)
Hypoparathyroidism
683(1)
Dysfunction of the Endocrine Pancreas: Diabetes Mellitus
684(15)
Types of Diabetes Mellitus
685(7)
Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
692(2)
Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
694(5)
Alterations of Adrenal Function
699(14)
Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex
699(6)
Tumors of the Adrenal Medulla
705(8)
23 Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition
713(13)
Adipose Tissue
713(2)
Obesity
715(4)
Food Intake and Energy Balance
716(3)
Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder
719(1)
Starvation
720(1)
Anorexia of Aging
721(5)
Unit VII The Reproductive Systems
24 Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems
726(29)
Development of the Reproductive Systems
726(4)
Sexual Differentiation and Hormone Production In Utero
727(2)
Puberty and Reproductive Maturation
729(1)
The Female Reproductive System
730(9)
External Genitalia
730(1)
Internal Genitalia
731(2)
Female Sex Hormones
733(3)
The Menstrual (Ovarian) Cycle
736(3)
Structure and Function of the Breast
739(2)
The Female Breast
739(2)
The Male Breast
741(1)
The Male Reproductive System
741(5)
External Genitalia
741(3)
Internal Genitalia
744(1)
Spermatogenesis
744(2)
Male Sex and Reproductive Hormones
746(1)
Tests of Reproductive Function
746(9)
Aging and Reproductive Function
747(1)
Aging and the Female Reproductive System
747(4)
Aging and the Male Reproductive System
751(4)
25 Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
755(80)
Abnormalities of Reproductive Tract Development
755(1)
Alterations of Sexual Maturation
756(3)
Delayed Puberty
757(1)
Precocious Puberty
757(2)
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
759(29)
Hormonal and Menstrual Alterations
759(8)
Infection and Inflammation
767(4)
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
771(2)
Benign Growths and Proliferative Conditions
773(4)
Cancer
777(9)
Sexual Dysfunction
786(1)
Impaired Fertility
787(1)
Disorders of the Breast
788(47)
Galactorrhea
788(1)
Benign Breast Disease
789(3)
Cancer
792(43)
26 Alterations of the Male Reproductive System
835(32)
Alterations of Sexual Maturation
835(3)
Delayed Puberty
835(1)
Precocious Puberty
836(2)
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
838(23)
Disorders of the Urethra
838(1)
Disorders of the Penis
838(3)
Disorders of the Scrotum, Testis, and Epididymis
841(5)
Disorders of the Prostate Gland
846(13)
Sexual Dysfunction
859(1)
Impairment of Sperm Production and Quality
860(1)
Disorders of the Male Breast
861(6)
Gynecomastia
861(1)
Cancer
861(6)
27 Sexually Transmitted Infections
867(23)
Sexually Transmitted Urogenital Infections
869(16)
Bacterial Infections
869(10)
Viral Infections
879(4)
Parasitic Infections
883(2)
Sexually Transmitted Infections of Other Body Systems
885(5)
Hepatitis
885(1)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
886(1)
Zika Virus
886(4)
Unit VIII The Hematologic System
28 Structure and Function of the Hematologic System
890(36)
Components of the Hematologic System
890(8)
Composition of the Blood
890(6)
Lymphoid Organs
896(2)
Development of Blood Cells
898(12)
Hematopoiesis
898(4)
Development of Erythrocytes
902(7)
Development of Leukocytes
909(1)
Development of Platelets
910(1)
Mechanisms of Hemostasis
910(7)
Function of Blood Vessels
910(1)
Function of Platelets
910(2)
Function of Clotting Factors
912(4)
Control of Hemostatic Mechanisms
916(1)
Lysis of Blood Clots
916(1)
Clinical Evaluation of the Hematologic System
917(9)
Tests of Bone Marrow Function
917(1)
Blood Tests
917(1)
Pediatrics and the Hematologic System
917(5)
Aging and the Hematologic System
922(4)
29 Alterations of Erythrocyte, Platelet, and Hemostatic Function
926(37)
Anemia
926(19)
Classification and General Characteristics
926(2)
Anemias of Blood Loss
928(4)
Anemias of Diminished Erythropoiesis
932(13)
Myeloproliferative Red Blood Cell Disorders
945(2)
Polycythemia Vera
945(2)
Iron Overload
947(1)
Alterations of Platelets and Coagulation
947(16)
Disorders of Platelets
947(5)
Disorders of Coagulation
952(11)
30 Alterations of Leukocyte and Lymphoid Function
963(29)
Alterations of Leukocyte Function
963(13)
Quantitative Alterations of Leukocytes
963(3)
Infectious Mononucleosis
966(2)
Lymphoid Neoplasm: Leukemias
968(8)
Alterations of Lymphoid Function
976(12)
Lymphadenopathy
976(1)
Malignant Lymphomas
976(7)
Plasma Cell Malignancies
983(5)
Alterations of Splenic Function
988(4)
31 Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children
992(25)
Fetal and Neonatal Hematopoiesis
992(1)
Postnatal Changes in the Blood
993(2)
Erythrocytes
993(2)
Leukocytes and Platelets
995(1)
Disorders of Erythrocytes
995(11)
Acquired Disorders
995(4)
Inherited Disorders
999(7)
Disorders of Coagulation and Platelets
1006(4)
Inherited Hemorrhagic Disease
1006(2)
Antibody-Mediated Hemorrhagic Disease
1008(2)
Neoplastic Disorders
1010(7)
Leukemia
1010(2)
Lymphomas
1012(5)
Unit IX The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
32 Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems
1017(42)
Circulatory System
1017(2)
The Heart
1019(17)
Structures That Direct Circulation Through the Heart
1019(3)
Structures That Support Cardiac Metabolism: The Coronary Vessels
1022(3)
Structures That Control Heart Action
1025(7)
Factors Affecting Cardiac Output
1032(4)
The Systemic Circulation
1036(13)
Structure of Blood Vessels
1036(4)
Factors Affecting Blood Flow
1040(3)
Regulation of Blood Pressure
1043(5)
Regulation of Coronary Circulation
1048(1)
Lymphatic System
1049(1)
Tests of Cardiovascular Function
1049(10)
Cardiac and Coronary Artery Evaluation
1050(2)
Systemic Vascular Evaluation
1052(1)
Aging and the Cardiovascular System
1053(6)
33 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function
1059(56)
Diseases of the Veins
1059(2)
Varicose Veins and Chronic Venous Insufficiency
1059(1)
Deep Venous Thrombosis
1060(1)
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
1061(1)
Diseases of the Arteries
1061(27)
Hypertension
1061(7)
Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension
1068(1)
Aneurysm
1068(2)
Arterial Thrombus Formation
1070(1)
Embolism
1070(1)
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
1071(1)
Atherosclerosis
1072(1)
Peripheral Artery Disease
1072(2)
Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Ischemia, and Acute Coronary Syndromes
1074(14)
Disorders of the Heart Wall
1088(10)
Disorders of the Pericardium
1088(1)
Disorders of the Myocardium: The Cardiomyopathies
1089(2)
Disorders of the Endocardium
1091(7)
Manifestations of Heart Disease
1098(17)
Heart Failure
1098(5)
Dysrhythmias
1103(12)
34 Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children
1115(28)
Development of The Cardiovascular System
1115(4)
Developmental Anatomy
1115(3)
Transitional Circulation and Closure of Fetal Shunts
1118(1)
Postnatal Development
1118(1)
Congenital Heart Defects
1119(17)
Classification of Congenital Heart Defects and Associated Conditions
1120(3)
Defects Increasing Pulmonary Blood Flow
1123(4)
Defects Decreasing Pulmonary Blood Flow
1127(2)
Obstructive Defects
1129(4)
Mixing Defects
1133(3)
Acquired Cardiovascular Disorders
1136(7)
Kawasaki Disease
1136(1)
Systemic Hypertension
1137(2)
Childhood Obesity
1139(4)
Unit X The Pulmonary System
35 Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System
1143(20)
Structures of the Pulmonary System
1143(7)
Conducting Airways
1143(3)
Gas-Exchange Airways
1146(1)
Pulmonary and Bronchial Circulation
1147(2)
Chest Wall and Pleura
1149(1)
Functions of the Pulmonary System
1150(8)
Ventilation
1150(4)
Gas Transport
1154(4)
Tests of Pulmonary Function
1158(5)
Aging and the Pulmonary System
1159(4)
36 Alterations of Pulmonary Function
1163(39)
Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Alterations
1163(4)
Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disease
1163(2)
Conditions Caused by Pulmonary Disease or Injury
1165(2)
Disorders of the Chest Wall and Pleur
1167(2)
Disorders of the Chest Wall
1167(1)
Pleural Abnormalities
1168(1)
Pulmonary Disorders
1169(33)
Restrictive Lung Disorders
1169(7)
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
1176(9)
Respiratory Tract Infections
1185(5)
Pulmonary Vascular Disease
1190(3)
Malignancies of the Respiratory Tract
1193(9)
37 Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children
1202(26)
Structure and Function
1202(1)
Upper Airway
1202(1)
Lower Airways and Lung Parenchyma
1202(1)
Chest Wall Dynamics
1203(1)
Metabolic Characteristics
1203(1)
Immunologic Incompetence
1203(1)
Physiologic Control of Respiration
1203(1)
Disorders of the Upper Airways
1203(9)
Upper Airway Obstruction
1205(7)
Disorders of the Lower Airways
1212(10)
Surfactant Deficiency Disorder (Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the Newborn)
1212(2)
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
1214(2)
Respiratory Tract Infections
1216(2)
Aspiration Pneumonitis
1218(1)
Bronchiolitis Obliterans
1218(1)
Asthma
1218(2)
Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
1220(1)
Cystic Fibrosis
1220(2)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
1222(6)
Unit XI The Renal and Urologic Systems
38 Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
1228(18)
Structures of the Renal System
1228(6)
Structures of the Kidney
1228(6)
Urinary Structures
1234(1)
Renal Blood Flow
1234(2)
Autoregulation of Renal Blood Flow
1235(1)
Neural Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
1235(1)
Hormones and Other Factors Regulating Renal Blood Flow
1235(1)
Kidney Function
1236(5)
Nephron Function
1236(4)
Hormones and Nephron Function
1240(1)
Renal Hormones
1240(1)
Tests of Renal Function
1241(5)
Renal Clearance
1241(1)
Clearance and Renal Blood Flow
1242(1)
Urinalysis
1242(1)
Aging and Renal Function
1243(3)
39 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function
1246(32)
Urinary Tract Obstruction
1246(8)
Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction
1246(3)
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction
1249(3)
Tumors
1252(2)
Urinary Tract Infection
1254(3)
Causes of Urinary Tract Infection
1254(1)
Types of Urinary Tract Infection
1255(2)
Glomerular Disorders
1257(6)
Acute Glomerulonephritis
1257(4)
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
1261(1)
Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndromes
1262(1)
Acute Kidney Injury
1263(4)
Classification of Kidney Dysfunction
1263(1)
Acute Kidney Injury
1264(3)
Chronic Kidney Disease
1267(11)
Creatinine, Urea Clearance, and Cystatin C
1269(1)
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
1270(1)
Calcium, Phosphate, and Bone
1271(7)
40 Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children
1278(15)
Structure and Function of the Urinary System in Children
1278(2)
Development of the Urinary System
1278(1)
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance in Children
1279(1)
Alterations in Renal and Bladder Function in Children
1280(13)
Congenital Abnormalities
1280(2)
Glomerular Disorders
1282(4)
Kidney Injury
1286(1)
Bladder Disorders
1287(2)
Urinary Incontinence
1289(4)
Unit XII The Digestive System
41 Structure and Function of the Digestive System
1293(28)
The Gastrointestinal Tract
1294(14)
Mouth and Esophagus
1295(1)
Stomach
1296(4)
Small Intestine
1300(6)
Large Intestine
1306(1)
The Gastrointestinal Tract and Immunity
1307(1)
Intestinal Microbiome
1308(1)
Splanchnic Blood Flow
1308(1)
Accessory Organs of Digestion
1308(6)
Liver
1309(3)
Gallbladder
1312(1)
Exocrine Pancreas
1312(2)
Tests of Digestive Function
1314(7)
Gastrointestinal Tract
1314(1)
Liver
1314(1)
Gallbladder
1315(1)
Exocrine Pancreas
1315(1)
Aging and the Gastrointestinal System
1315(6)
42 Alterations of Digestive Function
1321(52)
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
1321(21)
Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction
1321(4)
Disorders of Motility
1325(6)
Gastritis
1331(1)
Peptic Ulcer Disease
1332(4)
Malabsorption Syndromes
1336(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
1337(5)
Mesenteric Vascular Insufficiency
1342(1)
Disorders of the Accessory Organs of Digestion
1342(14)
Common Complications of Liver Disorders
1342(5)
Disorders of the Liver
1347(6)
Disorders of the Gallbladder
1353(1)
Disorders of the Pancreas
1354(2)
Cancer of the Digestive System
1356(17)
Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract
1356(6)
Cancer of the Accessory Organs of Digestion
1362(11)
43 Alterations of Digestive Function in Children
1373(22)
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract
1373(13)
Congenital Impairment of Motility
1373(3)
Obstructions of the Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
1376(2)
Meconium Syndromes
1378(1)
Acquired Impairment of Motility
1379(1)
Impairment of Digestion, Absorption, and Nutrition
1380(5)
Diarrhea
1385(1)
Disorders of the Liver
1386(9)
Disorders of Biliary Metabolism and Transport
1386(1)
Inflammatory Disorders
1387(1)
Portal Hypertension
1388(1)
Metabolic Disorders
1389(6)
Unit XIII The Musculoskeletal System
44 Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System
1395(28)
Structure and Function of Bones
1395(11)
Elements of Bone Tissue
1396(6)
Types of Bone Tissue
1402(1)
Characteristics of Bone
1402(1)
Maintenance of Bone Integrity
1403(3)
Structure and Function of Joints
1406(4)
Fibrous Joints
1406(1)
Cartilaginous Joints
1406(1)
Synovial Joints
1407(3)
Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscles
1410(8)
Whole Muscle
1411(3)
Components of Muscle Function
1414(4)
Tests of Musculoskeletal Function
1418(5)
Tests of Bone Function
1418(1)
Tests of Joint Function
1418(1)
Tests of Muscular Function
1418(1)
Aging and the Musculoskeletal System
1418(1)
Aging of Bones
1418(1)
Aging of Joints
1419(1)
Aging of Muscles
1419(4)
45 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function
1423(49)
Musculoskeletal Injuries
1423(9)
Skeletal Trauma
1423(4)
Support Structure Trauma
1427(5)
Disorders of Bones
1432(13)
Metabolic Bone Diseases
1432(8)
Infectious Bone Disease: Osteomyelitis
1440(1)
Bone Tumors
1441(4)
Disorders of Joints
1445(13)
Osteoarthritis
1445(5)
Classic Inflammatory Joint Disease
1450(8)
Disorders of Skeletal Muscle
1458(14)
Secondary Muscular Dysfunction
1458(3)
Muscle Membrane Abnormalities
1461(1)
Metabolic Muscle Diseases
1462(1)
Inflammatory Muscle Diseases: Myositis
1463(1)
Myopathy
1464(1)
Muscle Tumors
1464(8)
46 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children
1472(24)
Musculoskeletal Development in Children
1472(2)
Bone Formation
1472(1)
Bone Growth
1473(1)
Skeletal Development
1473(1)
Muscle Growth
1474(1)
Musculoskeletal Alterations in Children
1474(18)
Congenital Defects
1474(4)
Abnormal Density or Modeling of the Skeleton
1478(4)
Bone Infection: Osteomyelitis
1482(2)
Rheumatologic Disorders
1484(1)
Avascular Diseases of the Bone: Osteochondrosis
1484(2)
Cerebral Palsy
1486(1)
Neuromuscular Disorders
1486(3)
Musculoskeletal Tumors in Children
1489(3)
Nonaccidental Trauma
1492(4)
Unit XIV The Integumentary System
47 Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument
1496(34)
Structure and Function of the Skin
1496(9)
Layers of the Skin
1496(2)
Subcutaneous Layer
1498(1)
Aging and Skin Integrity
1499(1)
Tests of Skin Function
1499(1)
Clinical Manifestations of Skin Dysfunction
1499(6)
Disorders of the Skin
1505(19)
Inflammatory Disorders
1505(2)
Papulosquamous Disorders
1507(4)
Vesiculobullous Disorders
1511(1)
Infections
1512(4)
Vascular Disorders
1516(2)
Benign Tumors
1518(1)
Skin Cancer
1519(4)
Cold Injury
1523(1)
Disorders of the Hair
1524(1)
Alopecia
1524(1)
Hirsutism
1524(1)
Disorders of the Nail
1524(6)
Paronychia
1524(1)
Onychomycosis
1524(6)
48 Alterations of the Integument in Children
1530(13)
Acne Vulgaris
1530(1)
Dermatitis
1531(1)
Atopic Dermatitis
1531(1)
Diaper Dermatitis
1532(1)
Infections of the Skin
1532(5)
Bacterial Infections
1532(2)
Fungal Infections
1534(1)
Viral Infections
1534(3)
Insect Bites and Parasites
1537(2)
Scabies
1537(1)
Pediculosis (Lice Infestation)
1538(1)
Fleas
1538(1)
Bedbugs
1539(1)
Cutaneous Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations
1539(1)
Cutaneous Hemangiomas
1539(1)
Cutaneous Vascular Malformations
1540(1)
Other Skin Disorders
1540(3)
Miliaria
1540(1)
Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum
1540(3)
Unit XV Multiple Interacting Systems
49 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Adults
1543(29)
Shock
1543(11)
Cellular Alterations and Impairment of Cellular Metabolism
1544(1)
Types of Shock, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
1545(9)
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
1554(5)
Burns
1559(13)
Epidemiology and Etiology
1559(1)
Burn Wound Depth
1559(13)
50 Shock, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome, and Burns in Children
1572(27)
Shock and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
1572(15)
Types of Shock
1573(1)
Clinical Manifestations of Shock
1573(9)
Reperfusion and Inflammatory Injury
1582(1)
Treatment of Shock and Reperfusion Injury
1582(5)
Burns
1587(12)
Severity of Injury
1588(11)
Glossary 1599(21)
Index 1620
Kathryn L. McCance, RN, PhD Sue E. Huether, RN, PhD