Penguin History of the Twentieth Century: The History of the World, 1901 to the Present [Mīkstie vāki]

The Penguin History of the Twentieth CenturyList of Maps
Foreword
Book 1: The World of 1901: Inheritances


1. By Way of Introduction


Our Century — The weight of the past — The different pasts of 1901 — The
'civilized' world — Culture and hegemony — 'One-half of the human species' —
Ideas with a future — The scientific legacy — Movers and shakers


2. Structures
Human numbers — The world's wealth —Commerce — States and governments —
Monarchy — Non-western government — Islamic empires — The Unites States of
America — Latin America — The international order: power and great powers —
Potential for change


3. The White Man's World
Empires and imperialism — The European empires — Idealism, interests and
imagination — Settlers and natives — Imperialism and international relations:
the 'Scramble for Africa' — Asian and Pacific empire — The imperial Unites
States — The South African war


4. Shapes of Things to Come
Long-term demography — The divisions of humanity — A century of growing
wealth — An industrializing world — New technology — Medical science —
Communication — Mass communication — Changing mentalities — Acceleration and
integration


Book 2: The Last Years of the European Ascendancy


5. European Exceptionalism


Europeans — Privilege and unrest — Socialism — Mass politics and nationalism
— Constitutional governments — The German empire — Dynasticism — Religion in
European life — Tensions and strains — Women in Europe


6. Europe as a System of Power
International order — Alliances and entanglements — The dissatisfied and
dangerous — The appearance of security — New alignments — Deepening divisions
— Young Turks — Russia's changing stance — Agadir and after — The Balkan
wars


7. Challenges and Challengers in the Making
Change and perceptions of change in Asia — The new Japan — The end of the
Chinese empire — The European empires in the Far East — Indo-China and
Indonesia — India under the Raj — India enters the twentieth century — Egypt
and the other end of Ottoman Africa — Ottoman empire east of Suez — New
actors in the imperial drama


8. The Great War and the Beginning of the Twentieth-century Revolution
The last crisis — The end of an age — The Great War — The changing world —
1917 — Revolutionary war — Triumphs of nationality — The Ottoman collapse —
The end of the first German war


Book 3: The End Of The Old World Order


9. A Revolutionary Peace


The basis of settlement — The League — The international economy — Economic
disorder in Europe — Democracy and nationality — Revolution and
counter-revolution — The new Germany — International communism — The new
Russian empire — A new autocracy — A world divided


10. Years of Illusion
A last flourish of empire — Kemal Atatürk — Iran — New currents in Europe's
politics — An authoritarian wave — New uncertainties — The optimistic years —
Locarno and after — An eastern enigma — The United States


Book 4: World Revolution


11. An Emerging Global History


The world depression — Asia in the era of European civil war — The sequel to
the Chinese revolution — Japan — The peace settlements and Asia — Chinese
communism — Japanese dynamism — Civil war in China — The turning tide in
India — The United States — Latin America


12. The Path to World War
The approach to the abyss — The Manchurian crisis — The China 'incident' —
Indo-China and Indonesia between the wars — The German problem — Adolf Hitler
— The German revolution — The crumbling balance of power — Ideology's
contamination of international affairs — Towards a new German war: the
Spanish Civil War — Hitler moves beyond the German lands


13. The Second World War
From Blitzkrieg to Barbarossa — German Europe — World war — The conflation of
wars — Global conflict 1941-5 — The meaning of victory


Book Five: A New World


14. Appearance and Reality


Europe: amid the ruins — The framework of recovery — Reconstruction — Great
power realities — Friction — The Truman doctrine and the Marshall Plan


15. The Cold War Unrolls
Roots of conflict — The Berlin crisis and NATO — New nations: the beginnings
of decolonization — Indian independence — The last throes of the Chinese
revolution — Imperial realities in 1945 — Indo-China — The running sore of
the Ottoman Succession — Cold and hot war in Asia: Korea — Stalin's legacy —
A divided Europe in a dividing world


16. East Asia Reshaped
After empire — The Indian sub-continent — The 'Third World' — Indonesia — The
new China — China's re-emergence as a world power — The great steersman —
Resurgent Japan


17. Africa and the Near East: Old and New Problems
Past history, new facts — Pre-independence Africa — The independence process
in Black Africa — South Africa and Rhodesia — Disapppointment and disillusion
— Arab and Jew — The Egyptian revolution and after — Algerian independence


Book 6: Shifting Foundations


18. Changing Minds


New ways of seeing the world — The management of the natural world — Power —
Communications and information technology — The life sciences — Medical
science — Space and the public imagination — Promise and misgiving — Facing
new issues


19. New Economic and Social Worlds
In the long run — Europe's 'golden age' — Eastern Europe — World contrasts —
Changing lifestyles — The oil crisis and after — Structural changes —
Cultural consequences in a wealthier world — Globalization


20. Authority and Its New Challengers
A liberating century — Dissolving certainty — Religion in the later twentieth
century — Government, democracy and nationalism — Challenges to the state —
Women — The Pill — New waves — Women in the non-western world — Youth


Book
7. A Changing World Balance


21. The Cold War at Its Height


After Stalin — The second Berlin crisis — Latin America enters world politics
— Cuba — The aftermath in Latin America — The changing USSR — The changing
United States


22. Vietnam and After
The American entanglement — The changing Asian context — Oil and the Israel
problem — The Iranian revolution — Islam in international affairs — An uneasy
Latin America


23. The Reshaping of Europe
Seeds of unity — The division of Europe — National interests — Ostpolitik —
The path to Helsinki — The British crisis


Book 8: The End Of An Era


24. A World in Evolution


The last years of Chairman Mao — New patterns — Japan: the new world power —
The Indian democracy — Africa's enduring problems


25. Crumbling Certainties
Seeds of doubt — American misgivings — Disordered Islam — The last phase of
Cold War — Changing eastern Europe — Polish revolution — The crumbling of the
Soviet system — A new Germany


26. Post Cold War Realities
The Gulf War — Persisting dangers — The end of the Soviet Union — A new
Russia — New European security problems — The end of Yugoslavia — Nationality
and ethnicity in the new Europe — European integration — Qualified
re-orientation: the United Kingdom — Changes in China — Tiananmen


27. Fin-de-sičcle
Problems of peacekeeping — Europe after Maastricht — A common currency —
Enlarging Europe — A troubled Far East — The Indian sub-continent — The
United States at the end of the century — Pax Americana


28. Retrospect
Historical importance — The great upheavals — The mythology of human
happiness — Mastery of the material world — The first world civilization —
Today's political world — Conclusion


Appendix: The Exploration of Space
Index

J M Roberts is the author of THE PENGUIN HISTORY OF THE WORLD and was historical adviser to the BBC television series PEOPLE'S CENTURY.