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E-grāmata: Persian Gardens and Pavilions: Reflections in History, Poetry and the Arts

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From Timur's tent in Samarqand to Shah 'Abbas's palace in Isfahan and Humayun's tomb in Delhi, the pavilion has been an integral part of Persianate gardens since its earliest appearance at the Achaemenid garden in Pasargadae in the sixth century BC. Here, Mohammad Gharipour places both the garden and the pavilion within their historical, literary and artistic contexts, emphasizing the importance of the pavilion, which has hitherto been overlooked in the study of Iranian historical architecture. Starting with an examination of the depictions and representations of gardens in religious texts, Gharipour analyses the how the idea of the garden developed from the model of pre-Islamic gardens in Achaemenid and Sassanian Persia to its mentions in the Zoroastrian text of Aban Yasht and on to its central role as paradise in the Qur'an. Continuing on with an exploration of gardens and pavilions in Persian poetry, Gharipour offers in-depth analysis of their literal and metaphorical values. It is in the poetry of major Persian poets such as Ferdowsi, Naser Khosrow, Sa'di, Rumi and Hafez that Gharipour finds that whilst gardens are praised for their spiritual values, they also contain significant symbolic worth in terms of temporal wealth and power. Persian Gardens and Pavilions then goes onto examine the garden and the pavilion as reflected in Persian miniature painting, sculpture and carpets, as well as accounts of travelers to Persia. With masters such as Bizhad representing daily life as well as the more mystical prose and poetry in, for example, Sa'di's Bustan (The Orchard) and Golestan (The Rose Garden), the garden and the pavilion can be seen to have crucial semiotic significances and cultural meanings. But in addition to this, they also point to historical patterns of patronage and ownership which were of central importance in the diplomatic and social life of the royal courts of Persia. Gharipour thereby highlights the metaphorical, spiritual, symbolic and religious aspects of gardens, as well as their more materialistic and economic functions. This book reaches back through Persia's rich history to explore the material and psychological relationships between human beings, pavilions and gardens, and will be a valuable resource for Art History, Architecture and Iranian Studies.

Recenzijas

'In this book, Mohammad Gharipour does an excellent job of examining the historical, religious, literary and artistic importance of Persian gardens and pavillions. But unlike other explorations of the garden, he focuses on the relationship between architecture and gardens rather than just offering analysis of the gardens themselves. The product of years of dedicated research, it successfully studies and compares three types of documents to uncover the symbolic,metaphorical and historic importance of gardens in the Persian tradition, from the early Zoroastrians to the sixteenth century.' - Professor Attilio Petruccioli, Professor of Landscape Architecture, Polytechnic University of Bari 'Mohammad Gharipour develops a line of scholarship in art and architectural history that has largely been ignored by contemporary scholars. Although the Persian garden underlies the basic garden form in the Western world from the third to the seventeenth century CE, the role of the pavillion in these gardens forms a conspicuous absence in the literature. Through detailed examinations of both visual and textual media, this book represents a major contribution to our knowledge in the field of garden art and architecture, linking the development of the chaharbagh to its later descendants through the Islamic World and beyond.' - Douglas C. Allen, ASLA, Professor of Architecture Emeritus, Georgia Institute of Technology.

List of Illustrations
xi
Acknowledgements xix
1 Introduction
1(10)
2 The Garden and Pavilion in Near Eastern Pre-Islamic Texts, the Qur'an and Persian Poetry
11(28)
3 The Garden and Pavilion in Persian Art
39(64)
4 The Garden and Pavilion through the Lens of Travellers and Historians
103(44)
5 Conclusion
147(6)
Matrix 153(6)
Glossary of Terms 159(6)
Poets, Historians and Travellers 165(14)
Notes 179(28)
Bibliography 207(10)
Index 217
Mohammad Gharipour is an assistant professor at the School of Architecture and Planning at Morgan State University. He obtained his Master's in architecture from the University of Tehran and PhD in architecture and landscape history at Georgia Institute of Technology. As the recipient of the Hamad Bin Khalifa Fellowship in Islamic Art and the Spiro Kostof Fellowship Award from the Society of Architectural Historians Gharipour has published extensively on architectural history. He is the editor of 'Bazaar in the Islamic City' (2012) and the founding editor of the 'International Journal of Islamic Architecture'.