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E-grāmata: Persistence Strategies of Weeds [Wiley Online]

Edited by (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada), Edited by (California State University, Fresno, CA, USA), Edited by (Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada)
  • Formāts: 400 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Mar-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1119525624
  • ISBN-13: 9781119525622
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Persistence Strategies of WeedsPalielināt
  • Formāts: 400 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Mar-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1119525624
  • ISBN-13: 9781119525622
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Wiley Online E-booksMore info about Wiley Online
Rokasgrāmatas mājas lapa: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119525622
An invaluable source of up-to-date information on all major aspects of weed persistence

Weeds negatively impact crop yields, the quality of agricultural produce, the health of livestock and ecosystems, and various aspects of human life. Despite significant expenditures of time, money, and resources by agricultural producers, land managers, and the general public, weeds persist. Developing new methods for protecting crops and the environment requires a thorough understanding of the persistence mechanisms of weeds.

In Persistence Strategies of Weeds, an international team of expert authors provide detailed information on weed seed biology, identify the vulnerabilities of different weeds, and address the underlying issues behind the problem of weed persistence despite various management methods including herbicides. Presenting a comprehensive approach to the subject, the authors describe what is already understood about weed persistence and what yet needs to be determined. Topics include the role of seed production, dissemination, seed banks, the physiology and genetics of seed dormancy, the influence of agronomic practices, seed longevity, vegetative propagation, allelopathy, predation, soil microbes, weed evolution, and more. This authoritative volume:





Examines the genetic flexibility of weeds to adapt to changes in agricultural practices and management strategies Discusses the release of allelochemicals by certain weeds that inhibit the growth of competing plant species Explores the influence of climate change on weed persistence and how the efficacy of herbicides will be affected Emphasizes the importance of sustainable crop production and reducing dependence on synthetic herbicides Provides extensive coverage of the roles of genetic, environmental, and morphological factors in the regulation of weed seed dormancy Includes an overview of persistence strategies of weeds, detailed case studies, and numerous illustrative examples

Persistence Strategies of Weeds is an ideal textbook for all upper-level undergraduate and graduate students of weed and pest biology, agroecology, or organic agriculture, and a must-have reference for weed scientists and weed management professionals.
Biography xiii
List of Contributors xv
Preface xix
Foreword xxi
1 Persistence Strategies of Weeds: Introduction 1(18)
Anil Shrestha
David R. Clements
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Persistence of Weeds
2(6)
1.2.1 Seed Dormancy, Germination, Seedling Emergence, Seed Production, and Seed Return
3(1)
1.2.2 Seed Longevity, Emergence Patterns, and Soil Seedbanks
4(3)
1.2.3 Persistence of Weeds Through Perennial Growth
7(1)
1.2.4 Persistence Under a Wide Range of Environmental and Climatic Conditions
7(1)
1.3 Current Approaches to Manage Weeds and Persistence
8(3)
1.3.1 Ability of Weeds to Persist Against Biological, Cultural, Mechanical/Physical, and Chemical Control Measures
9(2)
1.4 Conclusions
11(1)
References
11(8)
2 Seed Production, Dissemination, and Weed Seedbanks 19(24)
Acacio Goncalves Netto
Pedro Christoffoleti
Mark VanGessel
Saul J.P. Carvalho
Marcelo Nicolai
Caio Brunharo
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 Seed Production
20(2)
2.3 Seed Dissemination
22(3)
2.3.1 Movement by Water
23(1)
2.3.2 Movement by Wind
23(1)
2.3.3 Movement by Animals
24(1)
2.3.4 Movement by Farm Equipment and Humans
24(1)
2.4 Weed Seedbank and Seedbank Dynamics
25(4)
2.4.1 Seed Germination
26(1)
2.4.2 Seed Death
27(1)
2.4.3 Seed Emigration
27(1)
2.4.4 Seed Persistence
27(1)
2.4.5 Changes in Size and Composition of Weed Seedbanks
27(2)
2.5 Weed Management and Seedbanks
29(2)
2.5.1 Tillage
29(1)
2.5.2 Effects of Weed Control Measures
30(1)
2.6 Use of Chemicals to Deplete Soil Seedbanks: Potential and Limitations
31(2)
2.6.1 Nitrogen-Containing Compounds
31(1)
2.6.2 Hormones
32(1)
2.6.3 Other Synthetic Compounds
32(1)
2.7 Weed Seed Destruction or Devitalization of Seeds
33(1)
2.8 Soil Seedbank Research Methodology
33(1)
2.9 Conclusions
34(1)
References
34(9)
3 Weed Seed Dormancy and Persistence of Weeds 43(21)
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
Steve W. Adkins
Li Ma
3.1 Introduction: Seed Dormancy and Persistence of Weeds
43(1)
3.2 Seed Dormancy and Germination
44(1)
3.3 Types of Seed Dormancy and Some Terminologies
44(2)
3.4 Dormancy Polymorphism
46(3)
3.4.1 Genetic Variation in Seed Dormancy
46(3)
3.4.1.1 Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Case Study
46(1)
3.4.1.2 Influence of Environment During Seed Development on Seed Dormancy
47(2)
3.5 Mechanisms of Seed Dormancy
49(4)
3.5.1 Impermeability to Water
49(1)
3.5.2 Impermeability to Gases
49(1)
3.5.3 Mechanically Resistant Seed Coat
50(1)
3.5.4 Presence of Germination Inhibitors
51(1)
3.5.5 Underdeveloped Embryo
52(1)
3.5.6 Role of Hormones
52(1)
3.5.7 Molecular Mechanisms of Seed Dormancy
52(1)
3.6 Coadaptation of Seed Dormancy and Hormonal Regulation of Seed Reserve Mobilization
53(1)
3.7 Duration of Seed Dormancy and Depletion of Seedbanks During Summer Fallow
53(1)
3.8 Dormancy Cycling
54(3)
3.9 Conclusions
57(1)
References
58(6)
4 Seed Dormancy Genes and Their Associated Adaptive Traits Underlie Weed Persistence: A Case Study of Weedy Rice 64(23)
Xing-You Gu
4.1 Introduction
64(2)
4.2 Weedy Rice
66(1)
4.3 Genetics of Primary Seed Dormancy
67(6)
4.3.1 Natural Variation in Wild, Weedy, and Cultivated Rice
67(1)
4.3.2 Quantitative Trait Loci
68(1)
4.3.3 QTL Epistatic and Genotype-by-Environment (G-by-E) Interactions
69(1)
4.3.4 Genes Underlying Seed Dormancy QTLs
70(3)
4.4 Genes/QTLs Responsible for Associations of Wild-Like Traits with SD
73(4)
4.4.1 Seed Shattering
73(1)
4.4.2 Pericarp Colors
74(1)
4.4.3 Hull Color
75(1)
4.4.4 Awns
75(1)
4.4.5 Seedbank Longevity
76(1)
4.5 Genes/QTLs Responsible for Associations of Crop-Mimic Traits with Seed Dormancy
77(2)
4.5.1 Plant Height
77(1)
4.5.2 Flowering Time
78(1)
4.6 Conclusions and Implications
79(1)
Acknowledgements
80(1)
References
80(7)
5 Environmental Regulation of Weed Seedbanks and Seedling Emergence 87(19)
Roberto L. Benech-Arnold
Diego Batlla
5.1 Introduction
87(1)
5.1.1 The Seedbank: Dispersal over Time
87(1)
5.1.2 Scope of the
Chapter
88(1)
5.2 Germination
88(1)
5.3 Predation
89(1)
5.4 Loss of Viability as a Result of Physiological Deterioration
90(1)
5.5 Dormancy in Seedbanks and Its Control by the Environment
91(6)
5.5.1 Environmental Factors that Modify the Dormancy Level of Seedbanks
92(2)
5.5.2 Dormancy Level Relates to the Width of the Environmental Range Permissive for Germination
94(2)
5.5.3 Conceptual Model
96(1)
5.6 Germination as Affected by Temperature and Water Availability
97(3)
5.7 The Functional Ecology of Weed Seedbanks: Concluding Remarks
100(1)
References
100(6)
6 Longevity of Weed Seeds in Seedbanks 106(19)
Ali A. Bajwa
Fernando C. Beveridge
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
Steve W. Adkins
6.1 Introduction
106(1)
6.2 Seeds and Seedbanks as Survival Mechanisms
107(1)
6.3 Role of Seed Longevity in Seedbank Regulation
108(1)
6.4 Classical Ecological Experiments on Weed Seed Longevity
109(1)
6.5 Factors Affecting Weed Seed Longevity
110(9)
6.5.1 Genetics
110(1)
6.5.2 Seed Characteristics
111(4)
6.5.2.1 Seed Vigour and Viability
112(1)
6.5.2.2 Seed Morphology and Anatomy
112(2)
6.5.2.3 Seed Dormancy
114(1)
6.5.2.4 Seed Ageing and Its Biochemistry
115(1)
6.5.3 External Factors
115(11)
6.5.3.1 Moisture and Temperature
116(1)
6.5.3.2 Soil Characteristics
116(1)
6.5.3.3 Land Use and Management Operations
117(1)
6.5.3.4 Seed Predation and Deterioration
118(1)
6.6 Implications of Seedbank Longevity for Weed Management
119(1)
6.7 Conclusions and Future Research Directions
119(1)
References
120(5)
7 Evolution and Persistence of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds 125(19)
Hugh J. Beckie
Linda M. Hall
Roberto Busi
Michael B. Ashworth
7.1 Introduction
125(1)
7.2 How Evolution of Herbicide Resistance Influences Persistence of Weed Populations
126(3)
7.2.1 Enhanced Fitness Under Recurrent Herbicide Selection Pressure
126(1)
7.2.2 Using Population Demography to Quantify Persistence
127(1)
7.2.3 Spatial Movement of Herbicide Resistance Alleles via Seed and Pollen
128(1)
7.2.4 Temporal Persistence: Seedbank Dynamics
128(1)
7.2.5 Phenological Adaptation of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds to Management
129(1)
7.3 Case Studies
129(8)
7.3.1 Transgenic Canola Volunteers or Feral Populations in North America and Australia
129(2)
7.3.2 Kochia in the Great Plains of North America
131(2)
7.3.3 Wild Oat in the Northern Great Plains of North America
133(1)
7.3.4 Wild Radish in Western Australia
134(1)
7.3.5 Annual Ryegrass in Australia
135(2)
7.4 Conclusions
137(1)
References
138(6)
8 Seed Predation and Weed Seedbanks 144(21)
Pavel Saska
Alois Honek
8.1 Introduction
144(1)
8.2 Predators and Seed Predation Windows in the Life Cycle of a Weed
145(3)
8.2.1 Pre-dispersal Seed Predation
145(1)
8.2.2 Post-dispersal Seed Predation
146(1)
8.2.3 Seed Predation from the Seedbank and After Release from the Bank
147(1)
8.3 Seed Defence Versus Seed Selection by Predators
148(3)
8.4 Spatiotemporal Variation in Seed Predation
151(2)
8.4.1 Landscape Scale
151(1)
8.4.2 Field Scale and Density Dependence
151(1)
8.4.3 Seasonal Scale
152(1)
8.5 The Significance of Seed Predation for the Population Dynamics of Weeds
153(1)
8.6 Field and Crop Management Effects on Weed Seed Predation
153(1)
8.7 Methodological Aspects of Studying Seed Predation
154(4)
8.7.1 Estimating Pre-dispersal Seed Predation
154(1)
8.7.2 Removal of Sentinel Seeds
154(1)
8.7.3 Seedling Emergence Studies
155(1)
8.7.4 Gut Content Analysis of Predators
156(1)
8.7.5 Estimating Consumption and Preferences of Predators in the Laboratory
157(1)
8.8 Directions for Future Research and Conclusions
158(1)
Acknowledgements
158(1)
References
159(6)
9 Modelling the Persistence of Weed Populations 165(19)
Jonathan Storkey
Antoine Gardarin
Nathalie Colbach
Helen Metcalfe
Alice Milne
9.1 Why Do We Need Models to Predict Weed Persistence?
165(2)
9.1.1 The Challenge of Modelling Weed Persistence
166(1)
9.2 'Broad-Brush' Ecological Approaches to Modelling Weed Persistence
167(3)
9.2.1 Ecological Strategies of Weeds
167(1)
9.2.2 Ecological Strategies and the Historical Effect of Management on Weed Floras
168(1)
9.2.3 Modelling Future Changes in the Functional Composition of Weed Seedbanks
169(1)
9.3 A Process-Based Approach to Modelling Weed Persistence
170(11)
9.3.1 Modelling Seed Mortality Processes
172(1)
9.3.2 Modelling Seed Dormancy Processes
173(3)
9.3.3 Modelling Seed Germination Processes
176(1)
9.3.4 Integrating Seedbank Processes into the Multi-annual Weed Dynamics Model
176(1)
9.3.5 Case Study Using the Process-Based Model
177(2)
9.3.6 The Weed Seed Traits Selected by Management Practices
179(2)
9.4 Conclusions
181(1)
References
181(3)
10 Influence of Agronomic Practices on the Persistence of Weed Seedbanks 184(16)
Clarence Swanton
Saeed Kazan
10.1 Introduction
184(4)
10.2 Tillage: Vertical Distribution of Seeds Within the Weed Seedbank Influences Weed Seed Persistence
188(1)
10.3 Light Penetration and Soil Disturbance Can Reduce Seed Persistence
189(1)
10.4 Diverse Crop Rotations Do Not Consistently Reduce Weed Persistence
190(1)
10.5 Control of Weed Seed at Harvest Has Potential to Reduce Seed Persistence
191(2)
10.6 Role of Cover Crops and Microbial Populations
193(1)
10.7 Livestock, Pasture, and Manure Management Can Reduce Weed Seed Persistence
194(1)
10.8 Conclusions
194(1)
References
195(5)
11 Clonal Growth, Resprouting, and Vegetative Propagation of Weeds 200(19)
Jitka Klimesova
Jana Martinkova
11.1 Introduction
200(1)
11.2 Weeding as a Disturbance Regime
200(2)
11.3 Plant Strategies Under Recurrent Disturbance
202(1)
11.4 Plant Traits Typical for Tolerance Strategies and Resprouting Limitations
203(7)
11.4.1 Bud Bank
203(2)
11.4.2 Carbohydrate Storage
205(1)
11.4.3 Nutrients
205(1)
11.4.4 Plant Organs Responsible for the Tolerance Strategy
205(4)
11.4.5 Recolonization and Spread of Vegetative Propagules in Space and Time
209(1)
11.5 Tolerance Strategy in an Evolutionary Perspective
210(3)
11.5.1 Changes in Weed Flora
210(1)
11.5.2 Selection of Weed Genotypes
211(2)
11.6 Conclusions
213(1)
Acknowledgments
213(1)
References
213(6)
12 Climate Change and the Persistence of Weeds 219(25)
David R. Clements
Antonio DiTommaso
12.1 Introduction
219(3)
12.2 Weed Ecophysiological Responses to Climate Change
222(2)
12.3 Predicted Changes in Weed Distribution
224(5)
12.3.1 Case Studies of Weed Distribution Changes
224(5)
12.3.2 What Do These Distribution Changes Indicate About Weed Persistence?
229(1)
12.4 Impacts of Climate Change on Weed Interactions with Crops
229(3)
12.4.1 C3 and C4 Crops Versus C3 and C4 Weeds
230(1)
12.4.2 General Outcomes of Weed-Crop Competition Under Climate Change
231(1)
12.4.3 What Do These Impacts on Weed-Crop Interactions Indicate About Weed Persistence?
231(1)
12.5 Evolutionary Impacts of Climate Change on Weeds
232(3)
12.5.1 Weed Evolution Under Climate Change
232(2)
12.5.2 What Do These Evolutionary Impacts Indicate About Weed Persistence?
234(1)
12.6 Conclusions
235(1)
Acknowledgments
235(1)
References
235(9)
13 Soil Microbial Effects on Weed Seedbank Persistence: Current Knowledge and Applications for Weed Management 244(27)
Markus Wagner
Nadine Mitschunas
13.1 Introduction
244(2)
13.1.1 Focus and Scope of This
Chapter
245(1)
13.2 Mechanisms of Microbial Attack
246(3)
13.3 Abiotic Environmental Factors
249(4)
13.4 Biotic Interactions
253(1)
13.5 Seed Defences
254(4)
13.5.1 Mechanical Defence
255(1)
13.5.2 Chemical Defence
255(1)
13.5.3 Biochemical Defence
256(1)
13.5.4 Microbial Defence
256(1)
13.5.5 Complementarity of Seed Defences
257(1)
13.5.6 Seed Defence Syndromes
257(1)
13.6 Weed Management Applications
258(4)
13.6.1 Targeted Application of Seed Pathogens
258(2)
13.6.2 Manipulation of the Soil Environment
260(1)
13.6.3 Manipulation of Seed Defences Alone and in Combination
261(1)
13.6.4 Combination with Conventional Weed Control
262(1)
13.7 Future Prospects
262(1)
Acknowledgments
263(1)
References
264(7)
14 The Potential Role of Allelopathy in the Persistence of Invasive Weeds 271(31)
Sajid Latif
Saliya Gurusinghe
Leslie A. Weston
14.1 Introduction
271(2)
14.2 Classification of Allelochemicals
273(3)
14.3 Allelochemical Modes of Action
276(1)
14.4 Synthesis, Localization, and Release of Allelochemicals from Donor Plants
277(2)
14.5 Factors Affecting Biosynthesis and Release of Allelochemicals
279(1)
14.6 The Role of Soil Microorganisms in the Release and Transformation of Allelochemicals
280(1)
14.7 Metabolic Profiling of Allelochemicals
280(1)
14.8 Case Studies of Invasive Plant Species Exhibiting Allelopathic Interactions
281(9)
14.8.1 Echium plantagineum
282(2)
14.8.2 Sorghum halepense
284(1)
14.8.3 Parthenium hysterophorus
285(1)
14.8.4 Alliaria petiolata
286(1)
14.8.5 Reynoutria japonica
287(2)
14.8.6 Mikania micrantha
289(1)
14.9 Conclusions
290(1)
References
291(11)
15 Weed Adaptation as a Driving Force for Weed Persistence in Agroecosystems 302(23)
Paul Neve
Ana L. Caicedo
15.1 Introduction
302(1)
15.2 Modes of Weed Evolution
303(4)
15.2.1 Weed Origins from Wild Species
304(1)
15.2.2 Weed Origins from Crop-Wild Hybrids
305(1)
15.2.3 Weed Origins from Crop Species
306(1)
15.3 The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Variation in Weedy and Fitness-Related Traits
307(4)
15.3.1 Phenotypic Plasticity in Key Weedy Traits
308(1)
15.3.2 Origins and Architecture of Genetic Variation
308(1)
15.3.3 Quantity and Structure of Genetic Variation
309(2)
15.4 The Contemporary Evolution of Weeds in Agroecosystems: Evidence and Case Studies
311(4)
15.4.1 Crop Mimicry as an Adaptive Strategy for Promoting Weed Persistence in Agroecosystems
311(3)
15.4.2 Herbicide Resistance: Weed Adaptation on Steroids
314(1)
15.5 Applying Evolutionary Thinking to Weed Biology and Management
315(2)
15.5.1 The Evolutionary Ecology of Herbicide Resistance
316(1)
15.5.2 Modelling Weed Population Dynamics
317(1)
15.5.3 Crop Competitiveness
317(1)
15.6 Weed Adaptation: A Key Determinant of Weed Persistence in Agroecosystems
317(1)
References
318(7)
16 Persistence Strategies of Weeds: Synopsis and the Future 325
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
David R. Clements
Anil Shrestha
16.1 Introduction
325(1)
16.2 Weed Propagation, Dissemination, and Seed and Vegetative Propagule Banks
326(2)
16.3 Weed Seed Dormancy and Longevity
328(3)
16.3.1 Seed Dormancy
328(2)
16.3.2 Seed Longevity
330(1)
16.4 Agronomic Practices
331(2)
16.5 Predation, Microbial Effects, and Allelopathy
333(4)
16.5.1 Seed Predation
333(1)
16.5.2 Microbial Effects
334(2)
16.5.3 Allelopathy
336(1)
16.6 Climate Change and Environmental Influences
337(3)
16.6.1 Climate Change and Persistence
337(1)
16.6.2 Environment and Persistence
338(2)
16.7 Weed Adaptation and Evolution and Persistence of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
340(3)
16.7.1 Weed Adaptation and Evolution
340(1)
16.7.2 Persistence of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
341(2)
16.8 Modeling the Persistence of Weed Populations
343(1)
16.9 Conclusions
343(1)
References
344
Index 35
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya, Professor Emeritus, Applied Biology, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

David R. Clements, Professor, Biology and Assistant Dean, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada

Anil Shrestha, Professor, Weed Science and Chair, Dept. of Viticulture and Enology, California State University, Fresno, CA, USA
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781119525622_pe.html
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