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E-grāmata: Phonetic Investigation into Raddoppiamento sintattico in Sienese Italian

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Phonetic Investigation into Raddoppiamento sintattico in Sienese ItalianPalielināt
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This book studies the linguistic phenomenon of «Raddoppiamento sintattico» (RS), the post-lexical lengthening in Italian of word-initial consonants following certain words, e.g. a [ k:]asa ‘at home’. Linguists have long sought describe exactly where and why RS occurs. Based on naturally occurring speech recorded in Siena, Tuscany, this book provides detailed phonetic information on what happens when RS occurs as well as its interactions with other phenomena in natural speech such as lenition and pausing. This study relates this phonetic detail to existing phonological models of RS, vowel length and syllable structure in Italian. The most important subject of the book is the fine-grained description of stops in RS contexts, which are shown to be optionally preaspirated – a phenomenon typically associated with only a few languages outside of Scandinavia. The book considers in detail the potential role of preaspiration in signaling consonant length in this variety of Italian and in doing so serves as a useful model for other laboratory phonology investigations into connected speech processes.
Table of contents
5(8)
Acknowledgements 13(2)
List of abbreviations and symbols
15(2)
1 Introduction and overview
17(10)
1.1 Introduction and rationale for the investigation of RS
17(3)
1.2 Overview of the chapters
20(7)
2 Background and framework for the phonetic analysis of RS
27(62)
2.1 Defining Raddoppiamento sintattico (RS)
27(4)
2.1.1 Distinguishing two kinds of RS: the test of phrase finality
30(1)
2.2 Diachrony and synchrony of RS
31(2)
2.3 Motivating stress-conditioned RS synchronically
33(5)
2.3.1 Word-final stressed vowels are short
33(2)
2.3.2 Word-final stress rather than length
35(1)
2.3.2.1 Destressing of word-final stressed vowels
36(2)
2.4 The domain of application of RS
38(3)
2.5 Are RS geminates the same as WM geminates?
41(3)
2.6 The singleton-geminate contrast in Standard Italian
44(9)
2.6.1 Consonant duration
45(4)
2.6.2 Duration of the preceding vowel
49(2)
2.6.3 Consonant: vowel (C/V) ratio
51(2)
2.7 RS blocked
53(6)
2.7.1 `Phonological' blockers in potential RS sequences
54(2)
2.7.2 Pauses and other phonetic blockers in potential RS sequences
56(3)
2.8 What is the Gorgia toscana (GT)
59(4)
2.9 Why another investigation into RS?
63(13)
2.9.1 RS consonant gemination is obligatory
63(5)
2.9.2 RS consonant lengthening is categorical
68(1)
2.9.3 Word-final vowels do not lengthen
69(2)
2.9.4 Unstressed and stress-conditioned RS should be distinguished
71(2)
2.9.5 RS does not interact with the Gorgia toscana
73(3)
2.10 Why Sienese (and not `Standard') Italian?
76(5)
2.10.1 Existing studies on Sienese Italian
78(1)
2.10.2 RS in Sienese: where it occurs
79(1)
2.10.3 Preaspiration in Sienese Italian
80(1)
2.11 Spontaneous speech
81(3)
2.12 Distinguishing micro- and macro-prosodic glottalization phenomena
84(4)
2.13 Final comments
88(1)
3 RS blocked and unblocked: an auditory perceptual (and descriptive acoustic) study
89(44)
3.1 Introduction and overview
89(1)
3.2 Background: why an auditory perceptual investigation of RS?
90(3)
3.3 Methods
93(12)
3.3.1 The speech material
93(1)
3.3.2 Identification and organization of RS trigger words
94(1)
3.3.2.1 Stress-conditioned RS triggers
95(1)
3.3.2.2 Unstressed RS triggers
95(1)
3.3.3 Overview of the auditory analysis
96(1)
3.3.4 RS blocking phenomena: auditory analysis
97(3)
3.3.5 RS-blocking phenomena: acoustic analysis
100(3)
3.3.6 Auditory analysis of sequences without pauses (RSP)
103(2)
3.4 Results & Discussion
105(28)
3.4.1 Overall frequency of blocking phenomena: RSP v. RSNP
105(3)
3.4.2 The (auditory) phonetic correlates of RS blocked
108(2)
3.4.3 RS-blocking phenomena: qualitative acoustic analysis
110(1)
3.4.3.1 Silent pause
111(2)
3.4.3.2 Vowel lengthening
113(1)
3.4.3.2 Pitch breaks
114(2)
3.4.3.4 Glottal stop
116(1)
3.4.4 Voiceless stops in RS-blocked contexts: acoustic analysis
117(1)
3.4.4.1 Voiceless stops in phrase-initial contexts
118(1)
3.4.4.2 Weakened variants in phrase-initial contexts
118(3)
3.4.5 RSP sequences: frequency of RS consonant lengthening
121(4)
3.4.5.1 Occurrences of RS across Phonological Phrase boundaries
125(2)
3.4.5.2 Partially lengthened consonants in RSP contexts
127(3)
3.4.5.3 Occurrences of GT variants in RSP contexts
130(3)
4 The phonetic realisation of stress-conditioned RS
133(38)
4.1 Introduction and overview
133(1)
4.2 Background issues to the phonetic analysis of stress-conditioned RS
134(6)
4.2.1 Phonological length, phonetic duration and RS
135(1)
4.2.2 Stress and RS C-lengthening
136(4)
4.2.3 Signs of phonetic overlap with unstressed RS
140(1)
4.3 Methods
140(8)
4.3.1 The data: stress-conditioned RS sequences
140(2)
4.3.2 Measurement criteria
142(1)
4.3.2.1 Vowel duration
143(1)
4.3.2.2 Overall consonant duration
144(1)
4.3.2.3 Preaspiration
144(2)
4.3.2.4 Closure
146(1)
4.3.2.5 Voice Onset Time (VOT)
146(1)
4.3.3 Categorization of tokens according to manner of articulation
147(1)
4.3.4 Linking auditory and acoustic results: Just Noticeable Difference (JND)
147(1)
4.4 Results and discussion
148(16)
4.4.1 Overview of the data
148(2)
4.4.2 Vowel duration in stress-conditioned RS sequences
150(4)
4.4.3 Consonant duration in stress-conditioned RS sequences
154(5)
4.4.4 The C/V ratio and the perception of stress-conditioned RS
159(1)
4.4.4.1 C/V ratio values in stress-conditioned RS sequences
159(2)
4.4.4.2 Auditory v. acoustic analysis of stress-conditioned RS sequences
161(3)
4.5 Further discussion
164(7)
4.5.1 Word-final stressed vowels: reconciling phonological length with duration
165(2)
4.5.2 Destressing and the motivations for stress-conditioned RS
167(2)
4.5.3 Micro-prosodic glottalization and stress-conditioned RS
169(2)
5 The `other' RS C-doubling: acoustic evidence of unstressed RS
171(32)
5.2 Background
173(14)
5.2.1 Defining unstressed RS: the historical account
173(2)
5.2.2 Korzen (1980): an alternative account
175(1)
5.2.3 Existing phonetic evidence of unstressed RS: Korzen (1980)
176(4)
5.2.4 Which words trigger unstressed RS?
180(7)
5.3 Methods: organization of the unstressed RS sequences
187(2)
5.4 Results and discussion
189(12)
5.4.1 Overview
189(1)
5.4.2 Unstressed RS sequences: vowel duration
190(4)
5.4.3 Consonant duration
194(3)
5.4.4 Unstressed RS: the consonant/vowel ratio
197(2)
5.4.5 Acoustic v. auditory perception of unstressed RS
199(2)
5.5 Further discussion
201(2)
6 The phonetic realisation of RS and WM geminates in Sienese Italian: the impact of preaspiration
203(50)
6.1 Introduction: the discovery of preaspiration in Sienese Italian
203(4)
6.2 Background
207(6)
6.2.1 More detail on /pp tt kk/ across languages and in Italian
207(2)
6.2.2 Preaspirated voiceless stops
209(2)
6.2.3 Linking preaspiration and /s/-aspiration
211(2)
6.3 Overview of the experimental investigation into preaspiration
213(3)
6.3.1 Statistical tests
215(1)
6.4 Results and discussion
216(29)
6.4.1 Preaspirated stops amongst the other phonetic variants
216(2)
6.4.1.1 Plain voiceless stops
218(2)
6.4.1.2 Preaspirated stops
220(1)
6.4.1.3 (Preaspirated) fricatives
221(1)
6.4.1.4 Incomplete stops
222(1)
6.4.1.5 Distribution of the four variants
223(6)
6.4.1.6 Durational characteristics of the four variants
229(4)
6.4.2 Preaspirated voiceless stops up close
233(10)
6.4.3 Manner and perceived C length: auditory v. acoustic results
243(2)
6.5 Further discussion
245(8)
6.5.1 Summary of results: preaspiration of /p: t: k:/
245(1)
6.5.2 Preaspiration as reinforcing voiceless stops: acoustic results
246(1)
6.5.3 Preaspiration and the perception of consonant length
247(1)
6.5.4 On the origins of preaspiration in Sienese Italian
248(5)
7 Understanding RS: preaspiration and the potential overlap between RS and the Gorgia Toscana
253(34)
7.1 Introduction
253(3)
7.2 Background: a link between GT and preaspiration?
256(1)
7.3 Methods
257(3)
7.3.1 The data
257(1)
7.3.2 Overview of analysis of the singleton tokens
258(2)
7.4 Results & discussion
260(22)
7.4.1 Phonetic realisation of /p t k/: seven variants
260(2)
7.4.1.1 Duration and articulatory reduction of singleton /p t k/
262(4)
7.4.1.2 Distribution of the seven variants of singleton /p t k/
266(5)
7.4.1.3 Summary of the realisation of singleton /p t k/
271(1)
7.4.2 Singleton /p t k/ v. geminate /pp tt kk/: duration
272(4)
7.4.3 Singleton /p t k/ v. geminate /pp tt kk/: manner
276(6)
7.5 Further discussion
282(5)
7.5.1 GT in Sienese and the role of preaspirated fricatives
283(1)
7.5.2 GT v. RS: duration, manner and preaspiration
284(3)
8 Implications and conclusions
287(32)
8.1 Introduction
287(1)
8.2 Summary of findings
287(5)
8.3 Phonological implications of the phonetic results
292(22)
8.3.1 The phonetic phrase as the domain of RS
292(2)
8.3.2 Word-final stressed vowels as the direct trigger of RS
294(2)
8.3.3 Unstressed v. stress-conditioned RS
296(3)
8.3.4 Incorporating preaspiration into RS
299(5)
8.3.5 The optionality of RS
304(1)
8.3.6 The interaction between GT and RS
304(3)
8.3.7 Identifying RS: perceptual v. acoustic results
307(1)
8.3.8 Vowel length, syllable weight and trimoraicity
308(6)
8.4 Future research
314(3)
8.5 Final comments
317(2)
Appendices
319(12)
Appendix 1a
319(2)
Appendix 1b
321(6)
Appendix 2
327(4)
Bibliography 331(14)
Index 345
Mary Stevens was born in Tasmania, Australia and studied linguistics and Italian at the Australian National University in Canberra. She completed her PhD in 2007 within the School of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Melbourne. She moved to Germany in late 2009 and is currently an Alexander von Humboldt post-doctoral fellow at the Institute of Phonetics and Speech Processing in Munich.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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