| Acknowledgements |
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ix | |
| Introduction |
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xi | |
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1 Phyllotactic Parameters |
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1 | (36) |
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Organ Initiation and Functioning of the Shoot Apical Meristem |
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1 | (8) |
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Leaf Asymmetry and Phyllotaxis |
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9 | (3) |
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Fluctuating Form and Size of the SAM: The Case of Thuja Occidentalis |
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12 | (1) |
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Description of Spiral Phyllotactic Patterns |
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13 | (3) |
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16 | (3) |
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Generative Spiral and Divergence Angle |
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19 | (2) |
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Visible Opposed Parastichies |
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21 | (3) |
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Parameter b (Van Iterson's Parameter) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Phyllotactic Pattern Transitions |
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26 | (4) |
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Variation of Divergence Angle |
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30 | (2) |
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Empirical Measures of Phyllotactic Parameters |
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32 | (2) |
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Disorganised Phyllotactic Patterns |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (22) |
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38 | (4) |
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Energy-based Dynamical Models |
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42 | (8) |
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Empirical Observations and Dynamical Models |
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50 | (1) |
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Wave Model of Phyllotaxis Involving Auxin |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (2) |
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3 Statistical and Probabilistic Approaches |
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59 | (32) |
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Dynamical Systems and Irregular Patterns |
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61 | (2) |
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Information Entropy Concepts Applied to Phyllotaxis |
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63 | (4) |
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67 | (4) |
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Uncertainty in Divergence Angle |
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71 | (1) |
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Combinatorial Analysis of Irregular Patterns |
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72 | (5) |
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Developmental Origin of Permutations |
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77 | (2) |
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Irregular Patterns and Noise in a Dynamical Model |
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79 | (3) |
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Secondary Inhibitory Fields |
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82 | (1) |
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Stochastic Manifestation of Phyllotaxis at Cellular Level |
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83 | (4) |
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Interplay of Phyllotactic Parameters |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (1) |
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4 Role of Genes in the Framework of Biochemical and Molecular Models |
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91 | (64) |
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Positional Information and Cell Lineage |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (2) |
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Genes and Their Effects on Pattern Formation |
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96 | (4) |
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100 | (4) |
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Phyllotactic Mutations and Their Correlation with Phyllotactic Parameters |
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104 | (3) |
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Other Examples of Genes Affecting Phyllotaxis |
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107 | (2) |
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Morphogens: The Role of Auxin |
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109 | (6) |
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Expansins and Auxins: A Bridge Between Different Models? |
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115 | (4) |
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Comprehensive Auxin Distribution Model: The Work of Smith et al. (2006b) |
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119 | (5) |
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Equations governing cell polarisation and auxin transport |
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121 | (2) |
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Emergence of phyllotactic patterns |
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123 | (1) |
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Auxin Transport Between Cell Compartments: Model of Jonsson et al. (2006) |
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124 | (9) |
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125 | (2) |
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Auxin-driven PIN1 cycling |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (4) |
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Auxin-Flux-based Polarisation Model of Stoma et al. (2008) |
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133 | (5) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (8) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (8) |
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5 Biophysical Aspects of Phyllotaxis |
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155 | (34) |
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Representation of SAM in Biomechanical Models |
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159 | (3) |
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Periodic Generation of Phyllotactic Patterns |
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162 | (1) |
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Geometrical Representation and Vectorial Representation |
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163 | (3) |
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Equation Minimising Elastic Energy |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (4) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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Area of Newly Formed Primordia |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (2) |
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Coupling Mechanical and Biochemical Processes |
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177 | (7) |
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Integration of Physical and Biochemical Parameters at the Cellular Level |
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184 | (4) |
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188 | (1) |
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6 Concluding Remarks: Critical Analysis and State of the Discipline |
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189 | (22) |
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Phyllotaxis: Evolutionary Considerations |
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190 | (5) |
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Relationship between Physics and Biochemistry |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (3) |
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Comparison between Models |
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198 | (3) |
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Parameter Γ (Link between Models) |
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201 | (2) |
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Developmental Constraints, Genetics, and Self-Organisation |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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Main Challenges in Phyllotaxis |
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205 | (4) |
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209 | (2) |
| Glossary |
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211 | (12) |
| Bibliography |
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223 | (32) |
| Index |
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255 | |
