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E-grāmata: Physics of Tsunamis

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Oct-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319240374
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Physics of TsunamisPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Oct-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319240374
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This second edition reflects significant progress in tsunami research, monitoring and mitigation within the last decade. Primarily meant to summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on physics of tsunamis, it describes up-to-date models of tsunamis generated by a submarine earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, meteorite impact, and moving atmospheric pressure inhomogeneities. Models of tsunami propagation and run-up are also discussed. The book investigates methods of tsunami monitoring including coastal mareographs, deep-water pressure gauges, GPS buoys, satellite altimetry, the study of ionospheric disturbances caused by tsunamis and the study of paleotsunamis. Non-linear phenomena in tsunami source and manifestations of water compressibility are discussed in the context of their contribution to the wave amplitude and energy. The practical method of calculating the initial elevation on a water surface at a seismotectonic tsunami source is expounded. Potential and eddy traces

of a tsunamigenic earthquake in the ocean are examined in terms of their applicability to tsunami warning.The first edition of this book was published in 2009. Since then, a few catastrophic events occurred, including the 2011 Tohoku tsunami, which is well known all over the world.The book is intended for researchers, students and specialists in oceanography, geophysics, seismology, hydro-acoustics, geology, and geomorphology, including the engineering and insurance industries.

Introduction.- Preface to the 2-end edition.- General Information on Tsunami Waves, Seaquakes and Other Catastrophic Phenomena in the Ocean.- Physical Processes at the Source of a Tsunami of Seismotectonic Origin Source of a Tsunami of Seismotectonic Origin.- Hydrodynamic Processes at the Source of a Tsunami of Seismotectonic Origin: Incompressible Ocean Role of the Compressibility of Water and of Nonlinear Effects in the Formation of Tsunami Waves.- Role of the Compressibility of Water and of Nonlinear Effects in the Formation of Tsunami Waves.- The Physics of Tsunami Formation by Sources of Nonseismic Origin.- Propagation of a Tsunami in the Ocean and its Interaction with the Coast.- Methods of Tsunami Wave Registration.

Recenzijas

Physics of Tsunamis, second edition, provides a comprehensive analytical treatment of the hydrodynamics associated with the tsunami generation process. Physics of Tsunamis fills an important niche in reference books on tsunamis. This book should especially appeal to those interested in an analytical treatment of near-source tsunami hydrodynamics. (Eric L. Geist, Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 174, 2017) 

1 General Information on Tsunami Waves, Seaquakes, and Other Catastrophic Phenomena in the Ocean
1(34)
1.1 Tsunami: Definition of Concepts
2(3)
1.2 Manifestations of Tsunami Waves on Coasts
5(6)
1.3 Tsunami Magnitude and Intensity
11(5)
1.4 Tsunami Warning Service: Principles and Methods
16(4)
1.5 Tsunami Catalogs and Databases
20(4)
1.6 Seaquakes: General Ideas
24(3)
1.7 Hydroacoustic Signals in the Case of Underwater Earthquakes
27(8)
References
30(5)
2 Source of a Tsunami of Seismotectonic Origin
35(54)
2.1 The Main Parameters and Secondary Effects
36(15)
2.2 Okada Formulae
51(4)
2.3 Rectangular Fault: Relationship Between the Parameters of a Tsunami Source and the Earthquake Moment Magnitude and Depth
55(12)
2.4 Properties of Coseismic Deformations of the Oceanic Bottom According to Data on the Slip Structure at Tsunamigenic Earthquake Sources
67(10)
2.5 Distribution of Tsunami Sources in Space and Time
77(12)
References
84(5)
3 Hydrodynamic Processes at the Source of a Tsunami of Seismotectonic Origin: Incompressible Ocean
89(92)
3.1 Hydrodynamic Description of Tsunami Waves: The Two Principal Approximations
90(8)
3.1.1 General Formulation of the Hydrodynamic Problem
90(2)
3.1.2 The Long-Wave Theory
92(3)
3.1.3 The Potential Theory
95(3)
3.2 General Solution of the Problem of Excitation of Gravitational Waves in a Layer of Incompressible Liquid by Deformations of the Basin Bottom
98(6)
3.2.1 Cartesian Coordinates
98(3)
3.2.2 Cylindrical Coordinates
101(3)
3.3 Plane Problems of Tsunami Excitation by Deformations of the Basin Bottom
104(28)
3.3.1 Construction of the General Solution
105(4)
3.3.2 Piston and Membrane Displacements
109(10)
3.3.3 Running and Piston-Like Displacements
119(7)
3.3.4 The Oscillating Bottom
126(6)
3.4 Generation of Tsunami Waves and Peculiarities of the Motion of Ocean Bottom at the Source
132(12)
3.5 Calculation of the Initial Elevation at the Tsunami Source
144(12)
3.6 Residual Hydrodynamic Fields that Accompany the Generation of a Tsunami by an Earthquake
156(25)
3.6.1 Definition of Concepts
156(1)
3.6.2 Basic Mathematical Model for a Homogeneous Ocean
157(2)
3.6.3 The Properties of Residual Fields in the Case of a Homogeneous Ocean of Constant Depth: Analysis of Analytical Solutions
159(5)
3.6.4 Features of Residual Fields Due to the Existence of Stable Stratification
164(7)
3.6.5 Methods for Calculation of Residual Potential Fields for Real Events
171(1)
3.6.6 Estimation of Residual Horizontal Displacements of Water Particles Caused by the Tsunamigenic Earthquake of March 11, 2011
172(3)
References
175(6)
4 Role of the Compressibility of Water and of Nonlinear Effects in the Formation of Tsunami Waves
181(82)
4.1 Excitation of Tsunami Waves with Regard to the Compressibility of Water
182(28)
4.1.1 Preliminary Estimates
182(4)
4.1.2 Hydrodynamic Formulation of the Problem: Analytic Solutions
186(7)
4.1.3 Piston and Membrane Displacements
193(5)
4.1.4 The Running Displacement
198(4)
4.1.5 Peculiarities of Wave Excitation in a Basin of Variable Depth
202(8)
4.2 Observations of Tsunamigenic Earthquakes Using Ocean Bottom Stations
210(30)
4.2.1 Character of the Water Layer Response to Bottom Oscillations in Dependence of Frequency
211(5)
4.2.2 The 2003 Tokachi-Oki Earthquake
216(10)
4.2.3 The 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake
226(14)
4.3 Nonlinear Mechanism of Tsunami Generation
240(23)
4.3.1 Base Mathematical Model
240(4)
4.3.2 Nonlinear Mechanism of Tsunami Generation by Bottom Oscillations in an Incompressible Ocean
244(8)
4.3.3 Nonlinear Tsunami Generation Mechanism with Regard to the Compressibility of Water
252(6)
References
258(5)
5 The Physics of Tsunami Formation by Sources of Nonseismic Origin
263(48)
5.1 Tsunami Generation by Landslides
264(12)
5.2 Tsunami Excitation Related to Volcanic Eruptions
276(7)
5.3 Meteotsunamis
283(11)
5.4 Cosmogenic Tsunamis
294(17)
References
305(6)
6 Propagation of a Tsunami in the Ocean and Its Interaction with the Coast
311(48)
6.1 Traditional Ideas Concerning the Problem of Tsunami Propagation
312(17)
6.2 Numerical Models of Tsunami Propagation
329(16)
6.3 Tsunami Run-Up on the Coast
345(14)
References
352(7)
7 Methods of Tsunami Wave Registration
359
7.1 Coastal and Deepwater Measurements of Sea Level
360(6)
7.2 The Investigation of Coasts After Tsunamis: Tsunami Deposits
366(7)
7.3 Tsunami Detection in the Open Ocean by Satellite Altimetry
373(8)
7.4 Tsunami Wave Manifestations in the Ionosphere
381
References
384
Professor Boris W. Levin is a corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Director of the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch of RAS, in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia. He is a member of IUGG Tsunami Commission, American Geophysical Union, Seismological Society of America and National Geographic Society. He has more than 200 scientific publications in the fields of geophysics, tsunamis, seaquakes, seismology. Mikhail A. Nosov is a Professor of Physics of Sea and Inland Waters at the Faculty of Physics of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia. He is an active participant to the EGS and EGU meetings. As co-convener and UNESCO contractor, he organized the International Workshop on "Local Tsunami Warning and Mitigation" (2002). In 2005 he was awarded Plinius Medal of European Geosciences Union. He has more than 70 scientific publications in the fields of marine physics, tsunamis, seaquakes.
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