Preface |
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ix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
Authors |
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xiii | |
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List of Abbreviations and Units |
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xv | |
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1 | (26) |
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1.1 Common Names of Piper Species |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 Distribution of Piper Species |
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2 | (3) |
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1.3 Botanical Description of Piper Species |
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5 | (5) |
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1.3.1 Piper argyrophyllum M iq. |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. |
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6 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Piper divaricatum G.Mey. (Synonym: P. adenophyllum Miq., P. apiculatum CDC, P. colubrina (Link) Miq., P. colubrinum Link) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Piper galeatum (Miq.) CDC. (Synonym: Muldera galeata Miq.) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.3.5 P/per hymenophyllum (Miq.) Wight |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.7 P/per mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Synonym: P. guigual Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.9 Piper retrofractum Vahl (Synonym: P. chaba Hunter, P. officinarum CDC.) |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.10 P/per umbellatum L. |
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9 | (1) |
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1.4 Brief Review on Chemistry of Piper Species |
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10 | (2) |
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1.5 Brief Review on Pharmacology and Biological Activity of Piper Species |
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12 | (7) |
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1.5.1 Insecticidal and Acaricidal Activity |
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12 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Antifungal Activity |
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12 | (3) |
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1.5.3 Antiamoebic Activity |
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15 | (1) |
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1.5.4 Antimicrobial Activity |
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15 | (1) |
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1.5.5 Effect on Respiratory System |
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15 | (1) |
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1.5.6 Antiasthmatic Activity |
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16 | (1) |
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1.5.7 Antidiabetic Activity |
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16 | (1) |
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1.5.8 Hypocholesterolemic Activity |
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16 | (1) |
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1.5.9 Antioxidant Activity |
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16 | (1) |
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1.5.10 Analgesic Activity |
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17 | (1) |
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1.5.11 Antiinflammatory Activity |
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17 | (1) |
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1.5.12 Immunomodulatory Activity |
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17 | (1) |
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1.5.13 Anticancer Activity |
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17 | (1) |
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1.5.14 Antidepressant Activity |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5.15 Antiulcer Activity |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5.16 Effect on Reproductive System |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5.17 Bioavailability Enhancement |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5.18 Hepatoprotective Activity |
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19 | (1) |
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1.6 Traditional Medicinal Uses of Piper Species |
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19 | (3) |
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1.7 Commercially Available Products Obtained from Various Piper Species |
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22 | (1) |
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1.8 Phytochemical Analysis |
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22 | (5) |
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2 Metabolic Profiling of Piper Species by Direct Analysis Using Real Time Mass Spectrometry Combined with Principal Component Analysis |
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27 | (10) |
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2.1 Plant Material and Chemicals |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2 Optimization of DART-MS Analysis |
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28 | (1) |
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2.3 DART-MS Analysis of Piper Species |
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29 | (5) |
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2.4 Identification of Marker Using Principal Component Analysis |
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34 | (3) |
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3 Quantitative Determination of Chemical Constituents of Piper Species Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS |
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37 | (16) |
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3.1 Plant Material and Chemicals |
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37 | (1) |
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3.2 Extraction and Sample Preparation |
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38 | (1) |
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3.3 UPLC-MS/MS Conditions |
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39 | (1) |
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3.3.1 Instrumental Parameters |
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39 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Compound-dependent Parameters |
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39 | (1) |
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3.4 Optimization of UPLC Conditions |
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40 | (1) |
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3.5 Optimization of MS/MS Conditions |
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41 | (1) |
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3.6 Quantitative Analysis |
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41 | (10) |
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3.6.1 MS/MS Spectra and MRM Transitions |
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41 | (2) |
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3.6.2 Analytical Method Validation |
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43 | (1) |
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3.6.3 Linearity, LOD and LOQ |
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43 | (2) |
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3.6.4 Precision, Stability and Recovery |
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45 | (1) |
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3.6.5 Quantitative Analysis of Samples |
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46 | (5) |
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3.7 Discrimination of Piper Species by Principal Component Analysis |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (2) |
References |
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55 | (12) |
Index |
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67 | |