Preface |
|
xvii | |
1 A Great Challenge on the Reproducibility of Therapeutic Results of Phytopharmaceuticals |
|
1 | (18) |
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.2 Common Challenges in Phytopharmaceuticals |
|
|
2 | (8) |
|
1.2.1 Authentication of Raw Material |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.2.2 Variability of Chemical Content in Raw Material |
|
|
4 | (6) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
1.2.2.4 Post-Harvesting Process |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
1.2.2.6 Complex Mixture of the Pharmacologically Active Constituent |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
1.3 Strategy to Guarantee the Quality of Phytopharmaceutical |
|
|
10 | (5) |
|
1.3.1 Marker Compound Concept |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
1.3.2 Phytoequivalence Concept |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (4) |
2 Ibero-American Network as a Collaborative Strategy to Provide Tools for the Development of Phytopharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals |
|
19 | (40) |
|
|
|
|
|
Cristina Isabel dos Santos |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Silvia del Carmen Pereyra-Castro |
|
|
|
Carla Patricia Plazola-Jacinto |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jose Angel Rufian Henares |
|
|
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
2.2 Some Unexplored Botanicals From Ibero-America as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds |
|
|
21 | (10) |
|
2.2.1 South America Regions: Tropical Savanna and Atlantic Forest |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
2.2.2 Central South America Semiarid Regions |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
2.2.3 Northern South America, Central America and Caribbean |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
2.2.4 Exploitation of Undervalued Resources From Fabaceae Family to Obtain Hydrocolloids |
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
2.2.4.1 Gums From Native Fabaceae Family Seeds |
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
2.2.4.2 Gums From Fabaceae Family Exudates |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
2.2.5 Healthy Fatty Acid Sources From Ibero America |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
2.2.6 Bioactives From Agroindustrial Wastes |
|
|
27 | (4) |
|
2.2.6.1 Commercial Edible Flowers |
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
2.2.6.2 Coffee Grounds as Source of Prebiotics |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
2.2.6.3 Healthy Compounds From Olive Oil Wastes |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
2.3 Technologies for Obtaining Stable Natural Bioactive Extracts |
|
|
31 | (11) |
|
2.3.1 Extraction Techniques |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
2.3.2 In Vitro Tests for Assessing Antioxidant and Antiglycant Activities |
|
|
32 | (5) |
|
2.3.2.1 Antioxidant Activity |
|
|
33 | (3) |
|
2.3.2.2 Antiglycant Agents Detection |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
2.3.3 Biocompounds Conservation and Controlled Delivery Systems |
|
|
37 | (31) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (2) |
|
2.3.3.3 Management of Protein-Hydrocolloid Interactions for Designing Bioactive Delivery Systems |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
2.4 Multivariate Analysis for Phytopharmaceuticals Development |
|
|
42 | (3) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
47 | (12) |
3 Use of Hydrodistillation as a Green Technology to Obtain Essential Oils From Several Medicinal Plants Belonging to Lamiaceae (Mint) Family |
|
59 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
3.2 Essential Oils and Applied Extraction Techniques |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
3.3 Use of Hydrodistillation to Bridge the Nature With Novel Green Applications |
|
|
62 | (5) |
|
3.4 Specific Gravities of Essential Oils as Related to Their Chemical Compositions |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
3.5 Use of Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation in the Extraction of Essential Oils From Ziziphora (A Case Study) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
3.5.2 Microstructure of Ziziphora Leaves |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
3.5.3 Physical Properties of Essential Oil |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
3.5.4 Differences in the Chemical Compositions |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives |
|
|
69 | (3) |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
72 | (5) |
4 The Hidden Danger in Phytopharmaceuticals: Adulteration |
|
77 | (22) |
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
4.2 What is Adulteration in Plants and Phytopharmaceuticals? |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
4.3 Standardization and Quality in Medicinal Plants and Phytopharmaceuticals |
|
|
79 | (8) |
|
4.3.1 Standardization Problems in Identified Plants |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
4.3.1.1 Inter-Species or Species Variation |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
4.3.1.2 Environmental Factors |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
4.3.1.5 Post-Harvest Factors |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
4.3.2 Quality and Standardization Problems |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
4.3.3 Standardization Parameters and Content Analysis on Medicinal Plants and Phytopharmaceuticals |
|
|
84 | (3) |
|
4.3.3.1 Phytochemical Analyses for Phytopharmaceuticals and Medicinal Plants |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.3.3.2 Analysis of Extracts and Isolated Compounds |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
4.3.3.3 Standardization Parameters (Monograph Parameters) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
4.4 Adulteration in Phytopharmaceuticals With Synthetic Drugs |
|
|
87 | (3) |
|
4.4.1 Adulteration in Phytopharmaceuticals Used for Slimming |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
4.4.2 Adulteration in Phytopharmaceuticals With Aphrodisiac Effect |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
4.4.3 Adulteration in Phytopharmaceuticals Used in Rheumatic Diseases and as Antiinflammatory Drugs |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
4.4.4 Adulteration in Phytopharmaceuticals Used for Regulate Blood Sugar |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
4.4.5 Adulteration in Phytopharmaceuticals Used for Blood Pressure Regulating |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
4.5 How to Analyze Adulteration in Phytopharmaceuticals? |
|
|
90 | (4) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
4.6 Future Perspective for Phytopharmaceuticals |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (4) |
5 Medicinal Plants from the Balkan Peninsula-From Traditional To Modern Pharmacy/Medicine |
|
99 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
99 | (2) |
|
5.2 Calendula officinalis L. |
|
|
101 | (7) |
|
5.2.1 Chemical Composition of C. officinalis |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
5.2.2 Traditional Use vs. Modern Application of C. officinalis |
|
|
105 | (3) |
|
|
108 | (4) |
|
5.3.1 Chemical Composition of T officinale |
|
|
108 | (2) |
|
5.3.2 Traditional Use vs. Modern Application of T officinale |
|
|
110 | (2) |
|
5.4 Hypericum perforatum L. |
|
|
112 | (4) |
|
5.4.1 Chemical Composition of Hypericum perforatum |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
5.4.2 Traditional Use vs. Modern Application of H. perforatum |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
|
117 | (6) |
6 Plant-Based Peptides With Biological Properties |
|
123 | (12) |
|
Jessika Goncalves dos Santos Aguilar |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
6.2 Production of Plant-Based Peptides |
|
|
124 | (2) |
|
6.3 Bioactive Plant-Based Peptides |
|
|
126 | (3) |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
130 | (5) |
7 Potential of Flavonoids as Anticancer Drugs |
|
135 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
135 | (9) |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
7.3 Synthetic and Natural Chemotherapeutic Drugs |
|
|
145 | (3) |
|
7.4 Biosynthesis of Flavonoids |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
149 | (6) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
7.6 Mode of Action of Plant-Based Anticancer Compounds |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
156 | (5) |
8 Phytomedicine Against Infectious Diseases |
|
161 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
161 | (3) |
|
8.1.1 What are the Phytomedicines? |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
8.1.2 A Brief Synopsis of the History of Phytomedicine Uses, in Relation With Geographical Regions and Sources |
|
|
162 | (1) |
|
8.1.3 The Relevance of Application of Phytomedicine in Today's World |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
8.2 Names, Sources, and Types of Phytomedicines in Use in the Modern World |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
8.3 Chemical Moieties Responsible for the Inhibitory Activity of Different Phytomedicines on Different Organisms |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
8.4 Phytomedicines in Use Against Bacterial, Viral and Protozoan Diseases |
|
|
167 | (2) |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
8.4.2 In Experimental Therapeutics |
|
|
168 | (1) |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
|
170 | (3) |
9 Herbal Traditional Remedies for Male Infertility |
|
173 | (18) |
|
|
Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan |
|
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
9.2 Application of Indian Traditional Medicine (Ayurveda) for Male Infertility |
|
|
174 | (4) |
|
9.3 The Significant Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Male Infertility Management |
|
|
178 | (3) |
|
9.4 Iranian/Persian Traditional Medicine (ITM) Restores Male Fertility |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
9.5 Traditional Korean Medicine and Male Infertility |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
9.6 Traditional African Medicine in the Treatment of Male Infertility |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (1) |
|
|
184 | (7) |
10 The Therapeutic Applications of Phytopharmaceuticals in Dentistry |
|
191 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
10.2 Historical Development of Phytopharmaceuticals in Dentistry |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
10.3 Phytochemical Contents of Plants |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
10.3.2 Phenolic Compounds |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
10.4 Dental Materials of Plant Origin |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
10.5 Phytotherapeutics in Dentistry |
|
|
196 | (19) |
|
10.5.1 Usage in Tooth Decays |
|
|
196 | (6) |
|
10.5.1.1 Effective Factors in Caries Formation |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
10.5.1.2 Anticariogenic Plants Effective in Preventing Dental Caries |
|
|
198 | (4) |
|
10.5.2 Usage in Oral Mucosal Lesions |
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
10.5.3 Usage in Endodontic Treatment |
|
|
204 | (3) |
|
10.5.3.1 Phytopharmaceutical Irrigants |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
10.5.3.2 Phytopharmaceutical Intracanal Drugs |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
10.5.4 Usage in Dental Traumatology |
|
|
207 | (1) |
|
10.5.5 Usage in Oral Surgery |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
10.5.6 Usage in Periodontal Diseases |
|
|
209 | (4) |
|
10.5.7 Usage in Treatment of Halitosis |
|
|
213 | (2) |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
215 | (8) |
11 Prevention of Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction by Polyphenols: Role in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention |
|
223 | (24) |
|
|
|
223 | (2) |
|
11.2 Endothelial Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Disease |
|
|
225 | (3) |
|
11.2.1 Production and Elimination of Reactive Oxygen Species in Endothelial Cells |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
11.2.2 Regulation of Nitric Oxide Bioavailability by Oxidative Stress |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
11.3 Inflammation and Endothelial Cell Dysfunction Associated With Arteriosclerosis in Endothelial Cells |
|
|
228 | (2) |
|
11.4 Preventive Effects of Resveratrol on Endothelial Dysfunction |
|
|
230 | (3) |
|
11.5 Preventive Effects of EGCG on Endothelial Dysfunction |
|
|
233 | (2) |
|
11.6 Preventive Effects of Quercetin on Endothelial Dysfunction |
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
11.7 Preventive Effects of Chlorogenic Acid on Endothelial Dysfunction |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
238 | (9) |
12 Quercetin-Rebuttal Behavior in Male Reproductive Potential |
|
247 | (12) |
|
|
Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan |
|
|
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
12.2 Quercetin as Antioxidants |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
12.3 Quercetin, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity |
|
|
248 | (2) |
|
12.3.1 Quercetin, Direct Scavenging of ROS and Activates Antioxidant Enzymes |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
12.3.2 Metal Chelating Activity of Quercetin |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
12.3.3 Inhibition of Oxides by Quercetin |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
12.3.4 Reduction of α-Tocopheryl Radicals by Quercetin |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
12.3.5 Elevated Pro-Oxidant Properties of Low Molecular Antioxidants |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
12.4 Quercetin Metabolism With In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of its Metabolites |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
12.5 Quercetin as Pro-Oxidant |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
12.5.1 Quercetin Pro-Oxidant Function |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
12.6 Quercetin, Phenoxyl Radicals Oxidation |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
12.7 Impairment of Respiration of Mitochondria by Quercetin |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
12.8 Quercetin, Low Molecular Weight Antioxidant Oxidation |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
12.9 Quercetin Damage Directly DNA |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
12.10 Spermatogenesis and Oxidative Stress |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
12.11 Quercetin and Male Reproduction |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
12.12 Amelioration of Male Reproductive Dysfunction by Quercetin |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
12.13 Contradictory Reports of Quercetin With Respect to Male Reproductive Potential |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
254 | (5) |
13 Traditional Uses and Bioactivities of Common Rubus Species With Reference to Cancer: A Mini-Review |
|
259 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
13.2 Traditional Uses of Common Rubus Species |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
13.2.3 Rubus idaeus and Related Rubus Species |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
13.3 Biological Activity Studies of Rubus Extracts |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
13.4 Bioactive Compounds From Rubus Species |
|
|
262 | (1) |
|
13.5 Rubus as an Antitumor Agent |
|
|
262 | (3) |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
265 | (6) |
14 Therapeutic Compounds From Brown Seaweeds: Antitumor Properties on Various Cancers and Their Mechanisms of Action |
|
271 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
271 | (2) |
|
14.2 Type of Bioactive Compounds From Brown Algae |
|
|
273 | (3) |
|
14.2.1 Terpenoids (Terpens) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
14.3 Type of Cancer and Molecular Action Mechanisms |
|
|
276 | (4) |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
280 | (7) |
15 Medicinal Plants and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome |
|
287 | (14) |
|
|
Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan |
|
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
15.2 Clinical Manifestations of PCOS |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
15.3 Importance of Phenotypes in PCOS |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
15.4 Conventional Therapies for PCOS Treatment |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
15.5 Herbal Medicine and PCOS |
|
|
290 | (5) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
List of Abbreviations & Symbols |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (5) |
16 The Potential Role of Phytochemical in Establishing Prophylactic Measurements Against Neurological Diseases |
|
301 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
16.2 Focused Neurological Disorder for Herbal Promises |
|
|
302 | (9) |
|
16.2.1 Cases of Attention |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
16.2.2 Target Identification |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
16.2.3 Physicochemical Characterization and Secondary Structure Prediction |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
16.2.4 Molecular Modeling Studies |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
16.2.5 Virtual Screening for Potential Phytochemicals |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
16.2.6 Molecular Interaction Studies |
|
|
307 | (4) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (4) |
17 Immunomodulatory Activity of Cannabinoids: From Abuse to Therapy |
|
315 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
315 | (3) |
|
17.2 Immunity System, Related Diseases and Current Therapeutic Options |
|
|
318 | (2) |
|
17.3 Historical and Traditional Uses of Cannabis Herb |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
17.4 Chemistry of Cannabinoids |
|
|
321 | (2) |
|
17.5 Pharmacology of Phytocannabinoids |
|
|
323 | (3) |
|
17.5.1 Pharmacological Effect of THC |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
17.5.2 Pharmacological Effect of CBD |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
326 | (5) |
18 Botany, Geographical Distribution, Phytochemistry and Phytopharmaceutical Potential of Rheum emodi Wall. ex Meisn.: An Overview |
|
331 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
18.2 Botany and Taxonomic Status of R. emodi |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
18.3 Origin and Geographical Distribution of R. emodi |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
18.4 Phyto Constituents of R. emodi |
|
|
334 | (7) |
|
18.5 Traditional Uses of R. emodi |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
18.6 Pharmaceutically Active Biomolecules of R. emodi |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
343 | (4) |
19 Taxonomic Status, Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmaceutical Active Components of Genus Alseodaphne: A Literature Update |
|
347 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
19.2 Botany and Taxonomic Status of Some Important Members of Alseodaphne |
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
19.2.1 Alseodaphne archboldiana Kosterm |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
19.2.2 Alseodaphne andersonii Kosterm |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
19.2.3 Alseodaphne corneri Kosterm |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
19.2.4 Alseodaphne hainanensis Merr |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
19.2.5 Alseodaphne pendulifolia Gamble |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
19.2.6 Alseodpahne peduncularis (Wall. ex Nees) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
19.2.7 Alseodaphne perakensis (Gamble) Kosterm |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
19.2.8 Alseodaphne semecarpifolia Nees |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
19.3 Origin and Geographical Distribution of Some Important Members of Genus Alseodaphne |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
19.4 Phytochemical Studies of a Few Important Members of Alseodaphne |
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
19.5 Traditional and Pharmaceutical Importance of Some Important Members of Alseodaphne |
|
|
353 | (3) |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
19.5.2.1 Effect on Inflammation and Central Nervous System |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
19.5.2.2 Antimicrobial Activity |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
19.5.2.3 Immunomodulatory Activity of A. andersonii |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
19.5.2.4 Major Fatty Acids and Oil Content of A. andersonii |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
357 | (6) |
20 Bioactive Compounds From Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and Their Potential Health Benefits |
|
363 | (40) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maria das Grafas de Oliveira e Silva |
|
|
|
Lucindo Jose Quintans Junior |
|
|
Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans |
|
|
Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
365 | (8) |
|
20.3.1 Phenolic Compounds |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
20.4 Biological Activities |
|
|
373 | (22) |
|
20.4.1 Antimicrobial Activity |
|
|
373 | (10) |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
20.4.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity |
|
|
385 | (4) |
|
20.4.4 Antioxidant Activity |
|
|
389 | (6) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
20.6 Conclusion and Future Considerations |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (7) |
21 Composition and Biological Properties of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) |
|
403 | (34) |
|
Andreza de Santana Santos |
|
|
Anne Karoline de Souza Oliveira |
|
|
|
Erivan Vieira Barbosa Junior |
|
|
|
Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
21.2 Chemical Characterization |
|
|
404 | (8) |
|
21.2.1 Centesimal Composition |
|
|
404 | (7) |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
21.2.1.2 Pericarp or Pulp |
|
|
404 | (7) |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
21.2.2 Bioactive Compounds |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
21.2.2.2 Pericarp or Pulp |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
21.3 Biological Properties |
|
|
412 | (18) |
|
21.3.1 Antioxidant Activity |
|
|
412 | (6) |
|
21.3.2 Antimicrobial Activity |
|
|
418 | (3) |
|
21.3.3 Antidiabetic Activity |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
21.3.4 Antiobesogenic Activity |
|
|
421 | (4) |
|
21.3.5 Other Health Benefits |
|
|
425 | (5) |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
430 | (3) |
|
|
433 | (4) |
22 Phytochemicals and Health: An Update |
|
437 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
437 | (5) |
|
22.1.1 Types of Phytochemicals |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
22.1.2 Reported Phytochemicals |
|
|
438 | (4) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
22.1.2.2 Flavonoid C-Glycoside |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
22.1.2.4 Essential Oil Component |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (3) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
22.2 Health Effect of Phytochemicals |
|
|
442 | (9) |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
22.2.3 Fruit and Vegetables |
|
|
449 | (2) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
22.3 Advanced Analysis of Phytochemicals |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
452 | (3) |
Index |
|
455 | |