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PV systems and applications |
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1 | (6) |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (11) |
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The sun as a source of energy |
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7 | (1) |
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Distribution of solar radiation |
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7 | (3) |
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Direct and diffuse radiation |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Position and spectrum of the sun |
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11 | (2) |
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Solar radiation on inclined planes |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Measuring solar radiation |
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15 | (1) |
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Increasing yield by tracking |
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16 | (2) |
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PV solar cells -- effect and function |
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18 | (3) |
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Functional principle of a solar cell |
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18 | (2) |
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Structure and function of a crystalline silicon solar cell |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (7) |
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Crystalline silicon cells |
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21 | (7) |
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Anti-reflection coating on crystalline silicon cells |
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28 | (1) |
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Surface structure and contacts on crystalline silicon cells |
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29 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (5) |
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32 | (2) |
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Copper indium diselenide cells (CIS) |
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34 | (1) |
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Cadmium telluride cells (CdTe) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline cells |
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36 | (1) |
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Microcrystalline and micromorphous solar cells |
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37 | (1) |
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Hybrid cells: HIT solar cells |
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37 | (1) |
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Comparison of solar cell types |
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38 | (1) |
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Electrical properties of solar cells |
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39 | (12) |
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Equivalent circuit diagrams of solar cells |
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39 | (3) |
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Additional solar cell models |
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42 | (2) |
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Cell parameters and solar cell characteristic curves |
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44 | (1) |
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Standard test conditions (STC) |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (1) |
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Efficiency of solar cells and PV modules |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (66) |
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51 | (30) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (2) |
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Design options for PV modules |
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57 | (9) |
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Module cable outlets and junction boxes |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Characteristic curves for modules |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Electrical characteristics of crystalline PV modules |
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69 | (2) |
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Hot spots, bypass diodes and shading |
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71 | (3) |
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Electrical characteristics of thin-film modules |
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74 | (4) |
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Quality certification for modules |
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78 | (2) |
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Interconnection of PV modules |
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80 | (1) |
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Generator junction box, string diodes and fuses |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (13) |
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Wiring symbol and function |
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82 | (2) |
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Grid-controlled inverters (line-commutated inverters) |
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84 | (1) |
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Self-commutated inverters |
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85 | (3) |
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Parameters, characteristic curves and properties of inverters |
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88 | (5) |
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Inverter types and construction sizes in various power classes |
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93 | (1) |
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Further developments in inverter technology |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (3) |
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Module lines and line cabling |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) |
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99 | (1) |
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Earth leakage circuit breakers |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (11) |
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Lead-acid batteries -- construction and operating principle |
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100 | (1) |
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Types and designs of lead-acid batteries |
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101 | (3) |
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Performance and characteristics of lead-acid accumulators |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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Maintenance and safety information |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (4) |
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112 | (1) |
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Shunt controllers (parallel controllers) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (3) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Application criteria for inverters in stand-alone systems |
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115 | (2) |
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On-site visits, site surveys and shading analysis |
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117 | (16) |
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On-site visits and site surveys |
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117 | (1) |
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Consulting with the customer |
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118 | (1) |
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Location analysis and shading of PV systems |
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119 | (9) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (3) |
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Consideration of shading with the generator interconnection and system concept |
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123 | (5) |
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Checklists for building surveys |
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128 | (5) |
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129 | (1) |
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PV generator, inverter and meter |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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Planning and designing grid-connected systems |
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133 | (46) |
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System size and module choice |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (5) |
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134 | (1) |
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Array and string inverter concept |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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Inverter installation site |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (4) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (2) |
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Determining the number of strings |
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143 | (1) |
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Sizing using simulation programs |
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144 | (1) |
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Designing and sizing cables |
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144 | (7) |
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144 | (1) |
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Current-carrying capacity |
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144 | (1) |
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Minimizing the cable losses |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (4) |
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150 | (1) |
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Sizing the AC supply cable |
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150 | (1) |
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Selection and sizing of the generator junction box and the DC main switch |
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151 | (1) |
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Lightning, earthing and over-voltage protection |
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152 | (6) |
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Direct lightning strikes and external lightning protection |
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152 | (1) |
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Indirect lightning effects and internal lightning protection |
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153 | (2) |
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Lightning and over-voltage protection for buildings without lightning-protection systems |
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155 | (1) |
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Lightning and over-voltage protection for buildings with lightning-protection systems |
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155 | (2) |
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Earthing and potential equalization |
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157 | (1) |
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Lightning protection and earthing variants |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (3) |
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Technical issues associated with grid connection in the US |
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159 | (1) |
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Procedural issues associated with grid connection in the US |
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159 | (1) |
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Selection of a type-approved inverter |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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Calculating and producing a quotation |
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161 | (11) |
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162 | (2) |
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Time expenditure and construction times |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (7) |
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172 | (1) |
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Regulations and guidelines |
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173 | (3) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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Checklist for dimensioning |
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176 | (2) |
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Standard interconnection agreement for the US |
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178 | (1) |
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Planning and designing stand-alone systems |
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179 | (14) |
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Coupling PV generators, batteries and loads |
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179 | (1) |
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Calculating the electricity consumption |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (5) |
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Model for calculating the yield of a PV generator |
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181 | (2) |
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Consideration of cable, conversion and adjustment losses |
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183 | (1) |
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Summary of the design outcome |
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184 | (1) |
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Brief summary of the calculation method for designing a PV generator -- example of the small holiday home |
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185 | (1) |
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Sizing of the cable cross-sections |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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Software and simulation programs for PV systems |
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193 | (22) |
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Use of software and simulation programs |
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193 | (1) |
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Checking the simulation results |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Market overview and classification of simulation programs |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (15) |
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196 | (1) |
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Time-step simulation programs |
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196 | (9) |
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205 | (1) |
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Supplementary programs and data sources |
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206 | (3) |
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Design and service programs |
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209 | (1) |
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Web-based simulation programs |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (5) |
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Mounting systems and building integration |
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215 | (94) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (8) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (4) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (38) |
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224 | (11) |
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In-roof or roof-integrated systems |
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235 | (27) |
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262 | (11) |
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263 | (7) |
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In-roof or roof-integrated systems |
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270 | (3) |
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273 | (8) |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (15) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (13) |
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296 | (7) |
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Glass roofs above heated spaces |
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297 | (1) |
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Glass roofs above unheated spaces |
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298 | (2) |
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Glass roofs above open spaces |
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300 | (2) |
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Skylights on listed buildings |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (6) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (2) |
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Installing, commissioning and operating PV systems |
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309 | (30) |
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309 | (1) |
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General installation notes |
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309 | (2) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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Safety requirements when working on roofs |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Personal protective equipment (PPE) |
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312 | (1) |
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Lifting materials to roof level |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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Installing a grid-connected PV system |
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312 | (7) |
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312 | (1) |
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Procedure for installing the system |
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312 | (7) |
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319 | (11) |
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Sample domestic photovoltaic electrical installation certificate |
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320 | (6) |
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Sample application for connection -- UK |
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326 | (2) |
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Sample SSEG installation commissioning confirmation -- UK |
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328 | (2) |
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Malfunctioning, typical failures and maintenance for PV systems |
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330 | (1) |
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Maintenance and upkeep checklist |
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331 | (1) |
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Warranty and troubleshooting |
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331 | (2) |
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Monitoring operating data and system quality |
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333 | (2) |
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Operating data monitoring |
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333 | (1) |
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Web-based data transmission and evaluation |
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334 | (1) |
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Operating results of grid-connected PV systems |
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335 | (1) |
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Tax issues in connection with grid-connected PV systems |
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336 | (1) |
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Insurance for solar power systems |
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336 | (3) |
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Liability insurance for damage to third parties |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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Comprehensive cover for solar power systems |
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337 | (2) |
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Economic efficiency, potentials and ecological aspects |
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339 | (12) |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (2) |
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Potential for photovoltaic systems |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (5) |
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346 | (2) |
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348 | (3) |
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Subsidies for photovoltaic systems and additional market information |
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351 | (6) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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Additional sources of information |
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353 | (4) |
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Sources of information in the UK |
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353 | (1) |
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Sources of information in the US |
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354 | (1) |
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Sources of information in Canada |
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354 | (1) |
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Sources of information in Australia |
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355 | (1) |
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Sources of information in Scandinavian countries |
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355 | (1) |
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Sources of information in other English-speaking countries |
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356 | (1) |
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Sources of information on the EU level |
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356 | (1) |
| References |
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357 | |
