Preface |
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xi | |
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From Pandora's Box to Cornucopia: Clostridia -- A Historical Perspective |
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1 | (18) |
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Historic reports on effects caused by clostridia and on isolation of various species |
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1 | (2) |
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Historical use of biotechnological processes involving clostridia |
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3 | (4) |
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Current uses and future potential of clostridia |
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7 | (12) |
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14 | (5) |
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19 | (30) |
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Information of some phenotypic characteristics of members of Clostridium |
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20 | (2) |
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Unraveling the phylogenetic position of Clostridium species |
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22 | (1) |
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Sequence alignment and treeing algorithms |
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23 | (26) |
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42 | (7) |
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General Biology and Physiology |
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49 | (56) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Growth conditions and nutritional requirements |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (19) |
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Metabolism of carbohydrates |
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53 | (1) |
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Degradation of polysaccharides |
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53 | (10) |
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Homoacetogens and autotrophic growth |
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63 | (3) |
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Metabolism of organic acids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (4) |
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72 | (11) |
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Conditions for sporulation |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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Mechanism of spore formation |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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Events associated with sporulation and stress |
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77 | (6) |
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83 | (22) |
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84 | (21) |
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Genetic Tools for Solventogenic Clostridia |
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105 | (20) |
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105 | (1) |
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Genetic manipulation of C. Acetobutylicum: overview |
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106 | (1) |
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Methods for introducing DNA into Clostridium acetobutylicum |
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106 | (1) |
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Strategies for improvement of electroporation efficiencies |
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107 | (1) |
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Chromosomal genetic recombination |
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108 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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Use of non-replicative plasmids |
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109 | (1) |
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Use of replicative plasmids |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Plasmids to complement recombinant erythromycin resistant (MLS) strains |
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111 | (1) |
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Plasmids with a thiamphenicol/tetracycline resistance marker |
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111 | (1) |
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Tetracycline but not clarithromycin inhibits solvent but not acid formation [ 69] |
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112 | (1) |
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Gene expression reporter systems in C. acetobutylicum |
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112 | (4) |
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Antisense RNA in C. acetobutylicum |
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116 | (9) |
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120 | (5) |
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Applied Acetone--Butanol Fermentation |
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125 | (44) |
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Background to the applied acetone-butanol fermentation |
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125 | (4) |
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125 | (1) |
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Development of the applied AB fermentation |
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125 | (2) |
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Taxonomic status of the solvent-producing clostridia |
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127 | (1) |
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Documentation of the applied AB fermentation |
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128 | (1) |
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The applied batch fermentation operated by NCP |
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129 | (22) |
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The history of the commerical AB fermentation in South Africa |
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129 | (5) |
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Origins and history of NCP industrial strains |
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134 | (1) |
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Analysis and characterization of surviving NCP strains |
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135 | (4) |
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The NCP batch AB fermentation process |
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139 | (1) |
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Strain propagation and culture maintenance |
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139 | (12) |
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Recent advances and developments |
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151 | (13) |
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Scientific advances over the last 25 years |
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151 | (1) |
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Advances in process technology over the last 25 years |
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152 | (1) |
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Intrinsic limitations affecting the applied AB fermentation |
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153 | (1) |
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Substrate and product markets |
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153 | (3) |
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Solvent yeilds and by-product Recovery |
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156 | (1) |
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Productivity and continuous culture |
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157 | (2) |
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Reliability of the applied AB fermentation |
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159 | (2) |
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Solvent concentration and recovery processes |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (2) |
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Conclusions and future prospects |
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164 | (5) |
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166 | (3) |
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Clostridial Toxins Involved in Human Enteric and Histotoxic Infections |
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169 | (42) |
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169 | (18) |
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Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) |
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169 | (12) |
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Clostridium difficile toxins A and B |
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181 | (6) |
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Clostridial toxins involved in histotoxic infections |
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187 | (24) |
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The α toxin from C. perfringens |
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187 | (7) |
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Perfringolysin O from C. perfringens |
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194 | (4) |
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The α toxin from C. septicum |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (11) |
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211 | (40) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (5) |
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211 | (1) |
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Characteristics and epidemiology of the organisms |
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212 | (4) |
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Genetic organization of the toxin genes |
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216 | (7) |
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The organization of the toxin genes |
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216 | (2) |
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Strains carrying more than one toxin gene |
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218 | (1) |
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Localization of the genes |
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219 | (3) |
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Involvement of transposons |
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222 | (1) |
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Regulatory control of toxin gene expression |
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223 | (6) |
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CntR is a transcription factor |
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224 | (2) |
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Gene transcription in gene loci structures I and II |
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226 | (1) |
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Transcription of other botulinum genetic loci |
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226 | (2) |
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Transcription of the neurotoxin genes |
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228 | (1) |
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Gene transfer in neurotoxinogenic clostridia |
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229 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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Introduction of autonomous cloning vehicles |
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230 | (1) |
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CNT structure and function |
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231 | (8) |
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231 | (1) |
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Associated complex proteins |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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``The molecular scalpel'' |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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Enginered toxin fragments |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (8) |
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243 | (8) |
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Clostridia in Cancer Therapy |
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251 | (20) |
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251 | (1) |
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Clostridial oncolysis -- a historical perspective |
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251 | (3) |
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Clostridial oncolysis in animals |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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Clostridial oncolysis in humans |
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253 | (1) |
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Clostridia in cancer diagnosis |
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254 | (1) |
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Overcoming the limitations of oncolysis |
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255 | (1) |
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Colonization of tumors by solvent-producing Clostridium spp |
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256 | (2) |
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Delivery of therapeutic drugs |
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258 | (7) |
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Clostridial-directed enzyme prodrug-therapy (CDEP) |
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258 | (2) |
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Enzymes useful in DEPT strategies |
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260 | (1) |
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Clostridial-directed enzyme prodrug-converting enzymes |
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260 | (3) |
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Clostridial strains can be used to deliver enzymes to tumors |
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263 | (1) |
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In vivo effects of delivered enzymes |
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263 | (1) |
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Engineered clostridia can produce human cytokines |
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264 | (1) |
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Phospholipase C enhancement of liposome entrapped drug delivery |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (6) |
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267 | (4) |
Index |
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271 | |