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E-grāmata: Plasmids for Therapy and Vaccination

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Jul-2008
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527612840
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Jul-2008
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527612840
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This collection of 14 essays provides coverage of diverse issues in gene therapy and vaccination using nucleic acids. Among the topics are two background articles summarizing plasmids and their structures, several articles on clinical applications, modified vector systems, the use of plasmids in fish vaccination, manufacturing of plasmids, quality control of pDNA, and the market potential for DNA therapeutics. The majority of the contributors (and the editor) are specialists in Germany, with some authors in Portugal, Canada, the UK, France, and Spain. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

This is the first book specializing in plasmids and their biomedical use, including all relevant aspects of production, applications, quality, and regulations. Readers will discover clinical applications for the wide range of preventive and therapeutic applications using plasmid DNA. The book describes modified vector systems based on plasmids, as well as the potency of genomic research and vector design by informatics. Using the example of fish vaccination, the application of DNA vaccination in veterinary health care is reviewed, followed by a detailed overview of plasmid production technology on an industrial scale. Finally, the book considers regulatory and quality assurance aspects of such new drugs plus thire market potential.
Preface v
List of Authors
xi
From Pandora's Box to Cornucopia: Clostridia -- A Historical Perspective
1(18)
Historic reports on effects caused by clostridia and on isolation of various species
1(2)
Historical use of biotechnological processes involving clostridia
3(4)
Current uses and future potential of clostridia
7(12)
References
14(5)
Taxonomy and Systematics
19(30)
Information of some phenotypic characteristics of members of Clostridium
20(2)
Unraveling the phylogenetic position of Clostridium species
22(1)
Sequence alignment and treeing algorithms
23(26)
References
42(7)
General Biology and Physiology
49(56)
Introduction
49(1)
Cell structure
50(1)
Effects of oxygen
51(1)
Growth conditions and nutritional requirements
52(1)
Metabolic properties
53(19)
Metabolism of carbohydrates
53(1)
Degradation of polysaccharides
53(10)
Homoacetogens and autotrophic growth
63(3)
Metabolism of organic acids, alcohols, and aromatic compounds
66(1)
Homeostasis
67(1)
Nitrogen metabolism
68(4)
Spores and sporulation
72(11)
Conditions for sporulation
72(2)
Spore properties
74(1)
Mechanism of spore formation
75(1)
Spore germination
76(1)
Events associated with sporulation and stress
77(6)
Conclusion
83(22)
References
84(21)
Genetic Tools for Solventogenic Clostridia
105(20)
Introduction
105(1)
Genetic manipulation of C. Acetobutylicum: overview
106(1)
Methods for introducing DNA into Clostridium acetobutylicum
106(1)
Strategies for improvement of electroporation efficiencies
107(1)
Chromosomal genetic recombination
108(3)
Overview
108(1)
Use of non-replicative plasmids
109(1)
Use of replicative plasmids
110(1)
Future directions
111(1)
Plasmids to complement recombinant erythromycin resistant (MLS) strains
111(1)
Plasmids with a thiamphenicol/tetracycline resistance marker
111(1)
Tetracycline but not clarithromycin inhibits solvent but not acid formation [ 69]
112(1)
Gene expression reporter systems in C. acetobutylicum
112(4)
Antisense RNA in C. acetobutylicum
116(9)
References
120(5)
Applied Acetone--Butanol Fermentation
125(44)
Background to the applied acetone-butanol fermentation
125(4)
Introduction
125(1)
Development of the applied AB fermentation
125(2)
Taxonomic status of the solvent-producing clostridia
127(1)
Documentation of the applied AB fermentation
128(1)
The applied batch fermentation operated by NCP
129(22)
The history of the commerical AB fermentation in South Africa
129(5)
Origins and history of NCP industrial strains
134(1)
Analysis and characterization of surviving NCP strains
135(4)
The NCP batch AB fermentation process
139(1)
Strain propagation and culture maintenance
139(12)
Recent advances and developments
151(13)
Scientific advances over the last 25 years
151(1)
Advances in process technology over the last 25 years
152(1)
Intrinsic limitations affecting the applied AB fermentation
153(1)
Substrate and product markets
153(3)
Solvent yeilds and by-product Recovery
156(1)
Productivity and continuous culture
157(2)
Reliability of the applied AB fermentation
159(2)
Solvent concentration and recovery processes
161(1)
Economic perspectives
162(2)
Conclusions and future prospects
164(5)
References
166(3)
Clostridial Toxins Involved in Human Enteric and Histotoxic Infections
169(42)
Clostridial enterotoxins
169(18)
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE)
169(12)
Clostridium difficile toxins A and B
181(6)
Clostridial toxins involved in histotoxic infections
187(24)
The α toxin from C. perfringens
187(7)
Perfringolysin O from C. perfringens
194(4)
The α toxin from C. septicum
198(2)
References
200(11)
Clostridial Neurotoxins
211(40)
Introduction
211(1)
General considerations
211(5)
The disease
211(1)
Characteristics and epidemiology of the organisms
212(4)
Genetic organization of the toxin genes
216(7)
The organization of the toxin genes
216(2)
Strains carrying more than one toxin gene
218(1)
Localization of the genes
219(3)
Involvement of transposons
222(1)
Regulatory control of toxin gene expression
223(6)
CntR is a transcription factor
224(2)
Gene transcription in gene loci structures I and II
226(1)
Transcription of other botulinum genetic loci
226(2)
Transcription of the neurotoxin genes
228(1)
Gene transfer in neurotoxinogenic clostridia
229(2)
Conjugative transposons
229(1)
Introduction of autonomous cloning vehicles
230(1)
CNT structure and function
231(8)
Protein architecture
231(1)
Associated complex proteins
232(1)
Sequence homologies
233(1)
Crystal structures
234(1)
L chains
234(1)
Binding domains
235(3)
Hn domains
238(1)
CNT mechanism of action
239(2)
The ``SNARE'' proteins
239(1)
The ``SNARE'' motif''
240(1)
Substrate interaction
240(1)
Therapeutic development
241(2)
``The molecular scalpel''
241(1)
Clinical indications
242(1)
Enginered toxin fragments
242(1)
Future prospects
243(8)
References
243(8)
Clostridia in Cancer Therapy
251(20)
Introduction
251(1)
Clostridial oncolysis -- a historical perspective
251(3)
Clostridial oncolysis in animals
252(1)
Enhancement of oncolysis
253(1)
Clostridial oncolysis in humans
253(1)
Clostridia in cancer diagnosis
254(1)
Overcoming the limitations of oncolysis
255(1)
Colonization of tumors by solvent-producing Clostridium spp
256(2)
Delivery of therapeutic drugs
258(7)
Clostridial-directed enzyme prodrug-therapy (CDEP)
258(2)
Enzymes useful in DEPT strategies
260(1)
Clostridial-directed enzyme prodrug-converting enzymes
260(3)
Clostridial strains can be used to deliver enzymes to tumors
263(1)
In vivo effects of delivered enzymes
263(1)
Engineered clostridia can produce human cytokines
264(1)
Phospholipase C enhancement of liposome entrapped drug delivery
265(1)
Concluding remarks
265(6)
References
267(4)
Index 271