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Police & Society 8th ed. [Mīkstie vāki]

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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 576 pages, height x width x depth: 251x203x25 mm, weight: 1021 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Nov-2019
  • Izdevniecība: OUP India
  • ISBN-10: 0190940808
  • ISBN-13: 9780190940805
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Police & Society 8th ed.Palielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 576 pages, height x width x depth: 251x203x25 mm, weight: 1021 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Nov-2019
  • Izdevniecība: OUP India
  • ISBN-10: 0190940808
  • ISBN-13: 9780190940805
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780190940805.html
Keywords:
"Police & Society offers an in-depth and analytical look at policing, from police behavior and organization to operations and historical perspectives. Focusing on the relationship between the police and the community and how it has changed throughout theyears, the authors explore the most important theoretical foundations and incisive research on contemporary policing and show how that research is put into practice.The text is enhanced by expanded discussion of field operations (now two chapters), extensive pedagogy including a unique blog for student participation in real-time discussions, and a unique chapter on higher education and policing"--

Police & Society, Eighth Edition, offers an in-depth and analytical look at policing, from police behavior and organization to operations and historical perspectives. Focusing on the relationship between the police and the community and how it has changed throughout the years, the authors explore the most important theoretical foundations and incisive research on contemporary policing and show how that research is put into practice. The text is enhanced by extensive pedagogy and a unique chapter on higher education and policing.
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xiv
About the Authors xv
Part I POLICING FOUNDATIONS
1(130)
Chapter 1 Police in a Democracy
2(28)
Policing a Free Society
5(4)
Police and Government
5(2)
Police and Rule of Law
7(2)
Police, Terrorism, and Homeland Security
9(1)
Police Systems
9(3)
The U.S. Police System
12(6)
Other Types of Law Enforcement Agencies
15(2)
Similarities and Differences
17(1)
Police Role and Purpose
18(8)
Law Enforcement or Politics?
20(1)
Crime-Fighting or Social Service?
20(1)
Proactive or Reactive?
21(1)
Police Activities and Workload
22(1)
Police Goals and Strategies
23(3)
Looking Ahead
26(1)
Summary
27(3)
Chapter 2 Police History
30(30)
Foundations of Policing
31(6)
Early Policing
31(2)
Policing in Nineteenth-Century England
33(2)
The Emergence of Modern Policing in the United States
35(1)
The First City Police Forces
35(2)
The County Sheriff
37(1)
Vigilance Committees
37(1)
Modern American Policing
38(10)
The Political Era
38(1)
Police Development
38(3)
Criticism in the Political Era
41(1)
The Reform Era
41(5)
Southern Colonial and Frontier Police Development: A Minority Perspective on the Development of American Police
46(2)
State Police
48(2)
Texas and Massachusetts
48(1)
Pennsylvania
48(1)
Highway Patrol
49(1)
Federal Law Enforcement
50(7)
The Revenue Cutter Service and the U.S. Marshal Service
50(1)
Postal Inspectors
51(1)
The Secret Service
52(1)
The Federal Bureau of Investigation
53(4)
Summary
57(3)
Chapter 3 Legal Issues
60(36)
Criminal Procedure
61(16)
Searches and Seizures of Persons
63(5)
Searches and Seizures of Property
68(6)
Interrogations and Confessions
74(3)
Civil Liability
77(14)
Costs of Liability in Policing
78(1)
Avenues of Liability
79(1)
Civil Liability in State Courts
79(2)
Civil Liability in Federal Courts
81(5)
Emerging Liability Issues for the Twenty-First Century
86(1)
Use of Force
87(1)
Impact on Officers
88(3)
Summary
91(5)
Chapter 4 Police Strategies
96(35)
Evolving Strategies of Policing
97(1)
Landmark Studies of Police Effectiveness
98(5)
Patrol Studies
100(1)
Response Time Studies
101(1)
Criminal Investigation Studies
101(2)
Strategic Developments
103(8)
Improving Crime-Control Effectiveness
103(2)
Improving Police-Community Relations
105(3)
Improving Professionalism
108(1)
Developing Evidence-Based Practices
109(2)
Strategic Alternatives
111(13)
Community Policing
111(7)
Problem-Oriented Policing
118(6)
Summary
124(7)
PART II POLICE ADMINISTRATION
131(132)
Chapter 5 Police Organization and Management
132(40)
The Managerial Process
134(2)
The Evolution of Police Management
136(2)
Classical Police Management
136(1)
Behavioral Police Management
136(1)
Contemporary Police Management
137(1)
Organizational Design
138(5)
Criticisms of the Paramilitary Design
140(1)
Influence of Community Policing
141(1)
Structuring Police Discretion
142(1)
Managing Police Performance
143(5)
Measuring What Matters
143(1)
Police Organizational Performance
144(1)
Police Unit Performance
145(2)
Supervision and Police Performance
147(1)
Managing Group Behavior
148(2)
Police Subcultures
148(1)
Employee Associations and Unions
149(1)
Managing Critical Incidents
150(1)
Media Relations and Strategic Communications
151(2)
Organizational Change
152(1)
Reorganizing
153(4)
Improving Leadership and Management
153(1)
Revising Policies and Procedures
154(1)
Changing Strategies and Tactics
155(1)
Changing Behavior and Culture
155(2)
The Change Process
157(2)
Resistance to Change
157(2)
Overcoming Resistance to Change
159(1)
Case Studies
159(6)
Madison, Wisconsin
159(3)
Chicago
162(1)
New York
163(1)
Los Angeles
164(1)
Cincinnati
164(1)
Institutionalizing Innovation and Change
165(2)
Continuous Improvement
165(1)
Research and Development
166(1)
Education and Training
167(1)
Summary
167(5)
Chapter 6 Selection and Development
172(38)
Recruitment
174(3)
Recruitment Methods
175(1)
Recruiting for Diversity
175(1)
Recruitment Toolkit
176(1)
Selection
177(12)
Preemployment Standards
178(2)
General Suitability
180(3)
Preemployment Testing
183(3)
Recruit Screening Methods
186(3)
Americans with Disabilities Act
189(1)
Development
189(10)
Recruit Training
189(1)
Program Orientation
189(1)
Philosophy and Instructional Methods
190(2)
Curriculum Development and Content
192(2)
Curriculum Updates
194(3)
Effectiveness of Recruit Training
197(2)
Field Training
199(2)
Field Training Officer Program
199(1)
Police Training Officer Program
200(1)
Career Growth
201(3)
In-Service Training
202(1)
Specialized Training
202(1)
Promotion and Assessment Centers
203(1)
Lateral Entry
204(1)
Summary
204(6)
Chapter 7 Field Operations: Foundations
210(26)
The Patrol Function
211(11)
Historical Development
212(2)
Patrol Methods
214(2)
Use of Patrol Resources
216(6)
Proactive Arrests and Crackdowns
222(1)
Police Pursuits
222(3)
The Investigative Function
225(3)
Historical Development
226(2)
Selected Research on Investigative Operations
228(4)
Crime Gun Intelligence Centers
228(1)
Advances in Physical Evidence: The Automated Fingerprint Identification System and DNA
229(2)
Bias/Hate Crime Programs
231(1)
Detective-Patrol Relationships
232(1)
Summary
232(4)
Chapter 8 Innovations in Field Operations
236(27)
Community-Based Approaches
238(5)
Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy
238(3)
Broken Windows Policing
241(2)
Place-Based Approaches
243(7)
Focused Interventions
243(1)
Hot-Spots Policing
243(4)
Gun Violence
247(1)
Intelligence-Led Policing
248(1)
Predictive Policing
249(1)
Person-Based Approaches
250(3)
Focused Deterrence Initiatives
251(2)
What Works in Policing
253(4)
Summary
257(6)
PART III POLICE BEHAVIOR
263(118)
Chapter 9 Behavior and Misconduct
264(42)
Perspectives of Police Behavior
265(5)
Universalistic Perspectives
265(1)
Particularistic Perspectives
266(1)
Socialization versus Predisposition
267(3)
Early Examinations of Police Behavior
270(3)
Decision Making and Police Discretion
273(11)
Organizational Factors
275(1)
Neighborhood Factors
276(1)
Situational Factors
277(5)
Individual (Officer) Factors
282(2)
Police Deviance
284(14)
Types of Deviance and Misconduct
285(1)
The Prevalence of Police Deviance
286(1)
Deviant Officers
287(3)
The Persistence of Corruption
290(4)
Are Gratuities a Type of Misconduct?
294(1)
Police Sexual Misconduct
294(2)
The Drug War and Police Deviance
296(2)
Organizational Responses
298(1)
Summary
299(7)
Chapter 10 Force and Coercion
306(40)
Police-Citizen Interactions
308(4)
Context of Force
308(3)
National Estimates on Police Use of Force
311(1)
Learning to Use Force
312(12)
Training
313(2)
Re-engineering Training
315(1)
Areas of Training
315(3)
Police Culture and the Use of Force
318(3)
Controversy and the Use of Force
321(3)
Inappropriate Force
324(9)
Brutality and Excessive Force
324(1)
Physical and Psychological Force in Police History
325(2)
Frequency of Excessive Force and Brutality
327(3)
Brutality in the Twenty-First Century
330(3)
Deadly Force
333(6)
Category 1 Death
334(1)
Category 2 Injury
335(1)
Category 3 Noninjury
335(1)
Individual and Situational Factors
336(1)
Environmental and Departmental Variations
336(2)
Racial Considerations
338(1)
Legal and Policy Changes
338(1)
Summary
339(7)
Chapter 11 Accountability and Ethics
346(35)
Internal Accountability Mechanisms
348(11)
Bureaucratic Organization and Management
348(2)
Internal Investigation
350(4)
Issues in Internal Investigations
354(2)
Early Warning/Early Identification Systems
356(1)
Body-Worn Cameras
357(1)
Effectiveness of Internal Investigations
358(1)
External Accountability Mechanisms
359(5)
Civilian Review
359(3)
Police Auditor Systems
362(2)
The Limits of Oversight Mechanisms
364(1)
Professional Standards
365(4)
The Police Professionalization Movement
365(1)
Criteria of Police Professionalization
366(3)
Ethical Standards
369(4)
Ethical Perspectives
370(3)
Ethical Dilemmas
373(1)
The Limits of Professional and Ethical Standards
373(2)
Summary
375(6)
PART IV CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
381(126)
Chapter 12 Diversity and Inclusion
382(32)
Racial Minorities in Policing
385(3)
Unequal Treatment
386(1)
Performance of African American Police
386(2)
Women in Policing
388(4)
Unequal Treatment
389(1)
Performance of Women Officers
390(2)
Affirmative Action
392(1)
Equal Employment Opportunity
393(1)
Increasing Diversity in Police Departments
394(7)
Promotional Opportunities
398(3)
Integration of Minorities and Women into Policing
401(5)
Police Culture
401(2)
Structural Characteristics
403(1)
Sexual Harassment
403(2)
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Officers
405(1)
Future Prospects
406(2)
Summary
408(6)
Chapter 13 Stress and Officer Safety
414(34)
The Concept of Stress
415(1)
Occupational Stress
416(1)
Overview of Stressors
417(4)
Police Stressors
417(3)
Emerging Sources of Stress
420(1)
Line-of-Duty and Crisis Situations
421(7)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
423(3)
Shiftwork
426(1)
Social Supports and Police Stress
427(1)
Consequences of Stress
428(6)
Alcohol Abuse
428(2)
Drug Abuse
430(1)
Suicide
430(2)
Stress and the Impact on Families
432(1)
Policies and Programs
433(1)
Officer Safety
434(8)
Danger and Police Work
437(3)
Improving Safety and Reducing Fatalities
440(2)
Summary
442(6)
Chapter 14 Higher Education
448(26)
The Development of Higher-Education Programs for Police
450(6)
Federal Programs and Support for Higher Education
452(1)
Quality of Higher-Education Programs
453(1)
Higher-Education Requirements for Police
454(2)
The Impact of Higher Education on Policing
456(6)
Higher Education and Attitudes
456(2)
Higher Education and Performance
458(1)
Higher Education and Use of Force
459(1)
Higher Education and Promotion
460(1)
Higher Education and Job Satisfaction
461(1)
Higher Education and Terrorism
461(1)
Validating Higher Education for Police
462(2)
Higher Education as a Bona Fide Occupational Qualification
462(1)
Higher Education and Discrimination
463(1)
Higher-Education Incentive Programs
464(5)
Higher-Education Requirements and Policy Implications
466(3)
Moving Forward: Beyond Traditional University-Based Education?
469(1)
Summary
469(5)
Chapter 15 Emerging Issues
474(33)
Changes in American Society
476(6)
Generational Differences
476(2)
Cultural Diversity
478(1)
Immigration and Migration
479(1)
Shifting Economics
480(2)
Modern Problems
482(5)
Crime Trends
482(2)
Mass Shootings
484(1)
Drugs
485(1)
Mental Health
486(1)
Modern Technology
487(6)
Crime Detection and Crime Solving
489(1)
Surveillance and Privacy
490(1)
Officer Safety and Accountability
491(1)
Social Media
492(1)
Long-Term Trends
493(7)
Professionalization
493(1)
Privatization
494(1)
Federalization
494(2)
Militarization
496(1)
Terrorism and Homeland Security
497(3)
Summary
500(7)
Voices from the Field: Biographical Sketches 507(6)
Glossary 513(17)
Photo Credits 530(1)
Name Index 531(8)
Subject Index 539