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E-grāmata: Political Economy as Natural Theology: Smith, Malthus and Their Followers

(Australian Catholic University)
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Since the early 20th century, economics has been the dominant discourse in English-speaking countries, displacing Christian theology from its previous position of authority. This path-breaking book is a major contribution to the interdisciplinary dialogue between economics and religion.

Oslington tells the story of natural theology shaping political economy in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, emphasising continuing significance of theological issues for the discipline of economics. Early political economists such as Adam Smith, Josiah Tucker, Edmund Burke, William Paley, TR Malthus, Richard Whately, JB Sumner, Thomas Chalmers and William Whewell, extended the British scientific natural theology tradition of Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton to the social world. This extension nourished and shaped political economy as a discipline, influencing its theoretical framework, but perhaps more importantly helping legitimate political economy in the British universities and public policy circles. Educating the public in the principles of political economy had a central place in this religiously driven program. Natural theology also created tensions (especially reconciling economic suffering with divine goodness and power) that eventually contributed to its demise and the separation of economics from theology in mid-19th-century Britain. This volume highlights aspects of the story that are neglected in standard histories of economics, histories of science and contemporary theology.

Political Economy as Natural Theology is essential reading for all concerned with the origins of economics, the meaning and purpose of economic activity and the role of religion in contemporary policy debates.

Recenzijas

'Oslingtons work adds clarity to the ongoing battle among intellectual historians for the right to narrate the history of economic thought. In a world where economic principles are often endowed with natural authority, people on both ends of the economic spectrum have something to gain by claiming thinkers such as Adam Smith as their intellectual ancestors. As an expert in the ongoing dialogue between economics and Christian theology, Oslington is uniquely placed to explore this foundational period of economic tradition.' Kathryn D. Blanchard, Alma College

"The last two decades have seen a notable turn to religion, as it has been called in a variety of academic disciplines, including economics. Part of this movement is increased attention to the relationship between economics and religion, and particu>larly theology, from a historical perspective. Paul Oslingtons work on theology and economics, including an earlier edited volume (Adam Smith as Theologian),

stands at the forefront of this revisionist program, which aims both to more properly ground historical understandings of the origins of political economy as well as to use that grounding as a way to begin to reconcileif not reunitetheology and political economy."

Jordan J. Ballor, HOPE reviews

Preface vii
1 Introduction
1(3)
2 Natural theology: philosophical and historical issues
4(9)
Introduction
4(1)
Natural theology and scripture
4(1)
Varieties of natural theology
5(1)
The British tradition of scientific natural theology
6(1)
Natural theology, creation and providence
7(2)
Natural theology and theodicy
9(1)
Conclusion
10(3)
3 Early English theological roots of political economy
13(17)
Introduction
13(2)
Joseph Butler (1692--1752)
15(3)
Josiah Tucker (1713--99)
18(2)
William Paley (1743--1805)
20(3)
Edmund Burke (1729--97)
23(3)
Conclusion
26(4)
4 Adam Smith as natural theologian
30(30)
Introduction
30(1)
Adam Smith's religious background
30(7)
Adam Smith's invisible hand
37(8)
Adam Smith's theodicy
45(4)
The future hope, nature and justice in Smith's system
49(6)
Conclusion
55(5)
5 Natural theology and the emergence of political economy: Stewart, Malthus, Sumner and Chalmers
60(20)
Introduction
60(1)
Further Scottish background: Dugald Stewart
61(1)
Malthus' Principle of Population and its theodicy
62(4)
Development of Malthus' theodicy by JB Sumner
66(3)
Malthus' Scottish disciple Thomas Chalmers
69(7)
Conclusion
76(4)
6 Progress and tension: Richard Whately and William Whewell
80(28)
Introduction
80(1)
Political economy at Oxford: Nassau Senior and responses by Richard Whately and Newman
81(7)
Richard Whately
88(2)
Political economy at Cambridge: Richard Jones and William Whewell
90(12)
Conclusion
102(6)
7 The demise of natural theology and separation of economics from theology
108(19)
Introduction
108(1)
Explaining the separation of economics from theology
108(2)
Explaining the demise of natural theology
110(2)
The demise of natural theology as the separation of economics from theology
112(2)
Evolution as a lost opportunity to renew natural theology
114(3)
Subsequent developments in Britain, continental Europe and North America
117(6)
Conclusion
123(4)
8 Reflections on the contemporary relationship between economics and theology
127(3)
Introduction
127(1)
What can we learn from this episode about what promotes fruitful and unfruitful exchange between economists and theologians?
127(1)
Frameworks for contemporary engagement
128(2)
Appendix: analysis of key terms in English books 130(4)
Bibliography 134(28)
Index 162
Paul Oslington is Professor of Economics and Dean of Business at Alphacrucis College in Sydney, Australia. He previously held a joint appointment as Professor in the Schools of Business and Theology at Australian Catholic University, and before that Associate Professor of Economics at the University of New South Wales, along with visiting positions at the University of Oxford, University of British Columbia, Regent College Vancouver and Princeton Theological Seminary and University. He is also an honorary Research Professor at the Australian Centre for Christianity and Culture in Canberra.