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Polymer Composites, Nanocomposites Volume 2 [Hardback]

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Edited by (Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan), Edited by (Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, India), Edited by (Cochin University of Sc), Edited by (Indian Institute of Space, Science, and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India), Edited by (Composites Technology Centre, Chennai, India)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 294 pages, height x width x depth: 249x173x22 mm, weight: 844 g
  • Sērija : Polymer Composites
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Jun-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 352732979X
  • ISBN-13: 9783527329793
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Polymer Composites, Nanocomposites Volume 2Palielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 294 pages, height x width x depth: 249x173x22 mm, weight: 844 g
  • Sērija : Polymer Composites
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Jun-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 352732979X
  • ISBN-13: 9783527329793
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9783527329793.html
Polymer composites are materials in which the matrix polymer is reinforced with organic/inorganic fillers of a definite size and shape, leading to enhanced performance of the resultant composite. These materials find a wide number of applications in such diverse fields as geotextiles, building, electronics, medical, packaging, and automobiles.

This first systematic reference on the topic emphasizes the characteristics and dimension of this reinforcement.

The authors are leading researchers in the field from academia, government, industry, as well as private research institutions across the globe, and adopt a practical approach here, covering such aspects as the preparation, characterization, properties and theory of polymer composites.

The book begins by discussing the state of the art, new challenges, and opportunities of various polymer composite systems. Interfacial characterization of the composites is discussed in detail, as is the macro- and micromechanics of the composites. Structure-property relationships in various composite systems are explained with the help of theoretical models, while processing techniques for various macro- to nanocomposite systems and the influence of processing parameters on the properties of the composite are reviewed in detail. The characterization of microstructure, elastic, viscoelastic, static and dynamic mechanical, thermal, tribological, rheological, optical, electrical and barrier properties are highlighted, as well as their myriad applications.

Divided into three volumes: Vol. 1. Macro- and Microcomposites; Vol. 2. Nanocomposites; and Vol. 3. Biocomposites.  
The Editors xiii
List of Contributors
xv
1 State of the Art - Nanomechanics
1(12)
Amrita Saritha
Sant Kumar Malhotra
Sabu Thomas
Kuruvilla Joseph
Koichi Goda
Meyyarappallil Sadasivan Sreekala
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Nanoplatelet-Reinforced Composites
3(1)
1.3 Exfoliation-Adsorption
4(1)
1.4 In Situ Intercalative Polymerization Method
5(1)
1.5 Melt Intercalation
6(1)
1.6 Nanofiber-Reinforced Composites
7(1)
1.7 Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites
7(1)
1.8 Recent Advances in Polymer Nanocomposites
8(1)
1.9 Future Outlook
9(1)
References
9(4)
2 Synthesis, Surface Modification, and Characterization of Nanoparticles
13(40)
Liaosha Wang
Jianhua Li
Ruoyu Hong
Hongzhong Li
2.1 Introduction
13(1)
2.2 Synthesis and Modification of Nanoparticles
13(6)
2.2.1 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
13(1)
2.2.2 Synthesis of Titania Nanoparticles
14(1)
2.2.3 Microwave Synthesis of Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
15(1)
2.2.4 Magnetic Field Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
15(1)
2.2.5 Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles without Inert Gas Protection
16(1)
2.2.6 Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by Two Different Methods
16(1)
2.2.7 Synthesis of Silica Powders by Pressured Carbonation
17(1)
2.2.8 MW-Assisted Synthesis of Bisubstituted Yttrium Garnet Nanoparticles
18(1)
2.2.9 Molten Salt Synthesis of Bisubstituted Yttrium Garnet Nanoparticles
18(1)
2.3 Modification of Nanoparticles
19(4)
2.3.1 Surface Modification of ZnO Nanoparticles
20(1)
2.3.2 Surface Modification of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
20(3)
2.3.3 Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles
23(1)
2.4 Preparation and Characterization of Polymer-Inorganic Nanocomposites
23(3)
2.4.1 Nanopolymer Matrix Composites
23(3)
2.5 Preparation of Polymer-Inorganic Nanocomposites
26(6)
2.5.1 Sol-Gel Processing
26(1)
2.5.2 In Situ Polymerization
27(1)
2.5.3 Particle In Situ Formation
27(1)
2.5.4 Blending
28(1)
2.5.4.1 Solution Blending
28(2)
2.5.4.2 Emulsion or Suspension Blending
30(1)
2.5.4.3 Melt Blending
31(1)
2.5.4.4 Mechanical Grinding/Blending
31(1)
2.5.5 Others
31(1)
2.6 Characterization of Polymer-Inorganic Nanocomposites
32(7)
2.6.1 X-Ray Diffraction
32(1)
2.6.2 Infrared Spectroscopy
33(1)
2.6.3 Mechanical Property Test
34(1)
2.6.4 Abrasion Resistance Test
35(1)
2.6.5 Impact Strength
36(1)
2.6.6 Flexural Test
37(1)
2.6.7 Others
38(1)
2.7 Applications of Polymer-Inorganic Nanocomposites
39(5)
2.7.1 Applications of Bi-YIG Films and Bi-YIG Nanoparticle-Doped PMMA
39(1)
2.7.1.1 Magneto-Optical Isolator
40(1)
2.7.1.2 Magneto-Optical Sensor
41(1)
2.7.1.3 Tuned Filter
42(1)
2.7.1.4 Magneto-Optical Recorder
42(1)
2.7.1.5 Magneto-Optic Modulator
43(1)
2.7.1.6 Magneto-Optic Switch
44(1)
2.8 Application of Magnetic Fe3O4-Based Nanocomposites
44(2)
2.9 Applications of ZnO-Based Nanocomposites
46(2)
2.9.1 Gas Sensing Materials
46(1)
2.9.2 Photocatalyst for Degradation of Organic Dye
46(1)
2.9.3 Benard Convection Resin Lacquer Coating
47(1)
2.10 Applications of Magnetic Fluid
48(1)
References
49(4)
3 Theory and Simulation in Nanocomposites
53(22)
Qinghua Zeng
Aibing Yu
3.1 Introduction
53(2)
3.1.1 Dispersion of Nanoparticles
53(1)
3.1.2 Interface
54(1)
3.1.3 Crystallization
54(1)
3.1.4 Property Prediction
54(1)
3.2 Analytical and Numerical Techniques
55(3)
3.2.1 Analytical Models
55(1)
3.2.2 Numerical Methods
56(1)
3.2.3 Multiscale Modeling
57(1)
3.3 Formation of Nanocomposites
58(4)
3.3.1 Thermodynamics of Nanocomposite Formation
58(1)
3.3.2 Kinetics of Nanocomposite Formation
59(1)
3.3.3 Morphology of Polymer Nanocomposites
60(2)
3.4 Mechanical Properties
62(3)
3.4.1 Stiffness and Strength
62(2)
3.4.2 Stress Transfer
64(1)
3.4.3 Mechanical Reinforcement
64(1)
3.4.4 Interfacial Bonding
65(1)
3.5 Mechanical Failure
65(2)
3.5.1 Buckling
65(1)
3.5.2 Fatigue
66(1)
3.5.3 Fracture
66(1)
3.5.4 Wear
66(1)
3.5.5 Creep
67(1)
3.6 Thermal Properties
67(2)
3.6.1 Thermal Conductivity
67(1)
3.6.2 Thermal Expansion
68(1)
3.7 Barrier Properties
69(1)
3.8 Rheological Properties
70(1)
3.9 Conclusions
71(1)
References
72(3)
4 Characterization of Nanocomposites by Scattering Methods
75(42)
Valerio Causin
4.1 Introduction
75(1)
4.2 X-Ray Diffraction and Scattering
76(17)
4.2.1 Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction
76(1)
4.2.2 Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction in the Characterization of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
77(6)
4.2.3 Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction in the Characterization of the Structure of the Polymer Matrix
83(1)
4.2.4 Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
84(9)
4.3 Neutron Scattering
93(3)
4.4 Light Scattering
96(3)
References
99(18)
5 Mechanical-Viscoelastic Characterization in Nanocomposites
117(30)
Vera Realinho
Marcelo Antunes
David Arencon
Jose I. Velasco
5.1 Introduction
117(1)
5.2 Factors Affecting the Mechanical Behavior of Nanocomposites
118(3)
5.2.1 Influence of the Filler's Aspect Ratio and Dispersion
118(2)
5.2.2 Influence of the Filler-Matrix Interphase
120(1)
5.3 Micromechanical Models for Nanocomposites
121(6)
5.3.1 Basic Assumptions and Preliminary Concepts
122(1)
5.3.1.1 Continuum Models
122(1)
5.3.1.2 Equivalent Continuum Model and Self-Similar Model
123(1)
5.3.1.3 Finite Element Modeling
123(2)
5.3.2 Micromechanical Nanocomposites Modeling
125(2)
5.4 Mechanical Characterization of Nanocomposites under Static Loading
127(4)
5.4.1 Polymer-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites
127(2)
5.4.2 Polymer-CNT Nanocomposites
129(1)
5.4.3 Particulate Polymer Nanocomposites
130(1)
5.5 Characterization by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis
131(2)
5.6 Mechanical Characterization by Means of Indentation Techniques
133(2)
5.7 Fracture Toughness Characterization of Nanocomposites
135(4)
5.8 Conclusions
139(1)
References
140(7)
6 Characterization of Nanocomposites by Optical Analysis
147(16)
Lucilene Betega de Paiva
Ana Rita Morales
6.1 Introduction
147(1)
6.2 Influence of Nanoparticles on the Visual Aspect of Nanocomposites
148(3)
6.3 Characterization of Appearance
151(5)
6.3.1 Gloss
152(1)
6.3.2 Haze
153(1)
6.3.3 Color
154(2)
6.4 Characterization by UV-Visible Spectrophotometry
156(2)
6.5 Characterization by Optical Microscopy
158(2)
References
160(3)
7 Characterization of Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Nanocomposites
163(22)
Iren E. Kuznetsova
Boris D. Zaitsev
Alexander M. Shikhabudinov
7.1 Introduction
163(1)
7.2 The Influence of the Molding Temperature on the Density of the Nanocomposite Samples Based on the Low-Density Polyethylene
164(4)
7.3 Experimental Study of the Temperature Dependence of the Permittivity of the Nanocomposite Materials
168(4)
7.4 Elastic and Viscous Properties of the Nanocomposite Films Based on the Low-Density Polyethylene Matrix
172(7)
7.4.1 Technology of Producing the Nanocomposite Polymeric Films
172(1)
7.4.2 Determination of the Coefficients of Elasticity and Viscosity of Nanocomposite Polymeric Films
173(6)
7.5 Effect of the Nanoparticle Material Density on the Acoustic Parameters of Nanocomposites Based on the Low-Density Polyethylene
179(3)
7.6 Conclusions
182(1)
References
183(2)
8 Barrier Properties of Nanocomposites
185(16)
Amrita Saritha
Kuruvilla Joseph
8.1 Introduction
185(1)
8.2 Nanocomposites from Ceramic Oxides
186(1)
8.3 Nanocomposites from Nanotubes
186(1)
8.4 Layered Silicate Nanocomposites
187(4)
8.5 Composite Models of Permeation
191(4)
8.5.1 Nielsen Model
191(1)
8.5.2 Bharadwaj Model
191(1)
8.5.3 Fredrickson and Bicerano Model
192(1)
8.5.4 Cussler Model
193(1)
8.5.5 Gusev and Lusti Model
193(2)
8.6 Techniques Used to Study the Permeability of Polymers and Nanocomposites
195(1)
8.7 Calculation of Breakthrough Time
196(1)
8.8 Applications
197(1)
8.9 Conclusions
198(1)
References
198(3)
9 Polymer Nanocomposites Characterized by Thermal Analysis Techniques
201(18)
Carola Esposito Corcione
Antonio Greco
Mariaenrica Frigione
Alfonso Maffezzoli
9.1 Introduction
201(1)
9.2 Thermal Analysis Methods
202(9)
9.2.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry
202(7)
9.2.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis
209(2)
9.3 Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis
211(3)
9.4 Thermal Mechanical Analysis
214(1)
9.5 Conclusions
215(1)
References
215(4)
10 Carbon Nanotube-Filled Polymer Composites
219(30)
Dimitrios Tasis
Kostas Papagelis
10.1 Introduction
219(1)
10.2 Processing Methods
220(3)
10.2.1 Common Approaches
220(3)
10.3 Novel Approaches
223(9)
10.3.1 CNT-Based Membranes and Networks
223(6)
10.3.2 CNT-Based Fibers
229(3)
10.4 Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials
232(1)
10.5 Basic Theory of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials
232(2)
10.6 Stress Transfer Efficiency in Composites
234(2)
10.7 Mechanical Properties: Selected Literature Data
236(1)
10.8 Electrical Properties of Composite Materials
236(4)
10.9 Electrical Properties: Selected Literature Data
240(3)
10.10 CNT-Polymer Composite Applications
243(1)
References
244(5)
11 Applications of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
249(30)
Thien Phap Nguyen
11.1 Introduction
249(1)
11.2 Preparation of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites
250(1)
11.3 Applications of Nanocomposites
251(14)
11.3.1 Mechanical Properties and Applications
251(2)
11.3.2 Thermal Properties and Applications
253(2)
11.3.3 Electrical Properties and Applications
255(2)
11.3.4 Optical Properties and Applications
257(1)
11.3.4.1 Transmission of Light
257(2)
11.3.4.2 Energy Conversion
259(6)
11.4 Energy Conversion and Storage Capacity and Applications
265(1)
11.5 Biodegradability and Applications
266(3)
11.5.1 Nanocomposites for Medical Applications
266(2)
11.5.2 Nanocomposites for Drug Release Applications
268(1)
11.5.3 Nanocomposites for Food Packaging
268(1)
11.6 Conclusion and Outlook
269(1)
References
270(9)
12 Health Hazards and Recycling and Life Cycle Assessment of Nanomaterials and Their Composites
279(12)
Lucas Reijnders
12.1 Introduction
279(1)
12.2 Health Hazards of Inorganic Nanoparticles
280(1)
12.3 Nanocomposite Life Cycles and Life Cycle Assessment
281(3)
12.4 Life Cycle Assessment of Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites in Practice
284(1)
12.5 Nanocomposite Life Cycle Management, Including Recycling
285(4)
12.6 Reducing Nanoparticle-Based Health Hazards and Risks Associated with Nanocomposite Life Cycles
289(2)
12.7 Conclusion
291(1)
References 291(4)
Index 295
Sabu Thomas is a Professor of Polymer Science and Engineering at Mahatma Gandhi University (India). He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and a Fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences. Thomas has published over 300 papers in peer reviewed journals on his polymer composite, membrane separation, polymer blend and alloy, and polymer recycling research and has edited three books. Kuruvilla Joseph is a Reader at St. Berchmans' College (India). He has held a number of visiting research fellowships and has published ca. 50 papers on polymer composites and blends. S. K. Malhotra is Chief Design Engineer and Head of the Composites Technology Centre at the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. He has published over 100 journal and proceedings papers on polymer and alumina-zirconia composites. Koichi Goda is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Yamaguchi University. His major scientific fields of interest are reliability and engineering analysis of composite materials and development and evaluation of environmentally friendly and other advanced composite materials. M. S. Sreekala is a Senior Research Associate in the Department of Polymer Science and Rubber Technology at Cochin University of Science and Technology (India). She has published over 30 papers on polymer composites (including biodegradable and green composites) in peer reviewed journals and has held a number of Research Fellowships, including those from the Humboldt Foundation and Japan Society for Promotion of Science.