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E-grāmata: Polypropylene Nanofibers: Melt Electrospinning Versus Meltblowing

  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Sērija : Engineering Materials
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Sep-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319614588
  • Formāts - EPUB+DRM
  • Cena: 106,47 €*
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Sērija : Engineering Materials
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Sep-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783319614588

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This book provides a comparison between melt electrospinning and meltblowing as techniques for the production of polypropylene nanofibers. The author compares the morphological, structural, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the different produced fibers. Moreover, the degree of thermal degradation of the different fibers is also analyzed. The book is useful to chemists and material scientists working on the synthesis of nanofibers by melt processes, showing the limitations of each technique for nanofiber fabrication.
1 Introduction
1(8)
1.1 Scope
1(2)
1.2 Research Concepts and Hypotheses
3(1)
1.3 Aims and Objectives
4(1)
1.4 Contribution of the Research
5(1)
1.5 Conclusion
5(4)
References
6(3)
2 Review of Literature: Melt Electrospinning
9(32)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Electrospinning
9(17)
2.2.1 Types of Electrospinning
10(2)
2.2.2 Jet Trajectory
12(14)
2.3 Research on Melt Electrospinning
26(2)
2.3.1 Equipment Used
26(1)
2.3.2 Polymers Used
27(1)
2.4 Fibre Diameter and Influencing Factors
28(4)
2.4.1 Effects of Molecular Weight/MFI
29(1)
2.4.2 Effect of Viscosity
29(1)
2.4.3 Effect of Applied Voltage
29(1)
2.4.4 Effect of Collector Distance and Type
30(1)
2.4.5 Effect of Flow Rate
30(1)
2.4.6 Effect of Spinneret Size
31(1)
2.4.7 Effect of Temperature
31(1)
2.4.8 Effect of Ambient Parameters
31(1)
2.4.9 Effect of Electrical Conductivity
32(1)
2.4.10 Other Parameters
32(1)
2.5 Surface Morphology
32(1)
2.6 Properties of Melt Electrospun Fibres
33(3)
2.6.1 Mechanical Properties
33(1)
2.6.2 Thermal Properties
34(1)
2.6.3 Crystalline Properties
34(1)
2.6.4 Other Properties
35(1)
2.7 Conclusion
36(5)
References
36(5)
3 Experimental: Melt Electrospinning
41(14)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 Materials
41(3)
3.2.1 Material Synthesis
42(1)
3.2.2 Material Preparation
43(1)
3.3 Melt Electrospinning Apparatus
44(3)
3.4 Additives
47(1)
3.5 Annealing
47(1)
3.6 Characterisation
48(5)
3.6.1 SEM
48(1)
3.6.2 Optical Microscopy
48(1)
3.6.3 EDX
48(1)
3.6.4 NMR
49(1)
3.6.5 FTIR
49(1)
3.6.6 DSC
49(1)
3.6.7 TGA
50(1)
3.6.8 Molecular Weight or Intrinsic Viscosity
50(1)
3.6.9 XRD
50(1)
3.6.10 Shear Viscosity
51(1)
3.6.11 Electrical Conductivity
52(1)
3.6.12 Mechanical Characterisation
52(1)
3.6.13 Surface Wettability
53(1)
3.7 Conclusion
53(2)
References
53(2)
4 Results and Discussion: Melt Electrospinning
55(52)
4.1 Initial Experiments with Pure Polymers
55(15)
4.1.1 Establishing the Processing Parameters
55(4)
4.1.2 Initial Results: Effect of Polymer MFI
59(2)
4.1.3 Effect of Viscosity
61(2)
4.1.4 Effect of Melt Flow Rate
63(1)
4.1.5 Other Observations
64(1)
4.1.6 Effect of Die Size and Shape
65(5)
4.2 Experiments with Additives
70(14)
4.2.1 Effect of Additives on Fibre Diameter
71(13)
4.3 Characterisation
84(17)
4.3.1 Elemental Composition Analysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX)
84(3)
4.3.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Results
87(1)
4.3.3 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Results
88(1)
4.3.4 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Results
89(7)
4.3.5 Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) Results
96(1)
4.3.6 Molecular Weight or Intrinsic Viscosity
96(1)
4.3.7 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Results
97(2)
4.3.8 Mechanical Property
99(1)
4.3.9 Hydrophobic Properties
100(1)
4.4 Washing of the Additives
101(2)
4.5 Conclusion
103(4)
References
103(4)
5 Conclusions: Melt Electrospinning
107(4)
5.1 Conclusions
107(4)
References
109(2)
6 Review of Literature: Meltblowing
111(8)
6.1 Meltblowing
111(5)
6.1.1 Equipment
111(1)
6.1.2 Fibre Diameter and Influencing Factors
112(3)
6.1.3 Properties of Meltblown Fibres
115(1)
6.2 Conclusion
116(3)
References
116(3)
7 Experimental: Meltblowing
119(12)
7.1 Introduction
119(1)
7.2 Materials
119(1)
7.3 Meltblowing Apparatus
120(3)
7.4 Annealing
123(1)
7.5 Characterisation
123(6)
7.5.1 Optical Microscopy
123(1)
7.5.2 SEM
123(1)
7.5.3 NMR
124(1)
7.5.4 FTIR
124(1)
7.5.5 DSC
124(1)
7.5.6 TGA
125(1)
7.5.7 Molecular Weight or Intrinsic Viscosity
125(1)
7.5.8 XRD
125(1)
7.5.9 Shear Viscosity
126(1)
7.5.10 Mechanical Characterisation
127(1)
7.5.11 Surface Wettability
128(1)
7.6 Conclusion
129(2)
References
129(2)
8 Results and Discussion: Meltblowing
131(30)
8.1 Initial Experiments with Pure Polymers
131(1)
8.1.1 Initial Results
131(1)
8.2 Effect of Fluids
132(12)
8.2.1 Process of Fibre Formation with Fluid Injection
133(1)
8.2.2 Collection Pattern of Fibres
134(2)
8.2.3 Mechanism of Fibre Formation
136(3)
8.2.4 Morphology and Diameter of Fibres
139(5)
8.3 Characterisation
144(14)
8.3.1 NMR Results
145(1)
8.3.2 FTIR Results
146(1)
8.3.3 DSC Results
147(2)
8.3.4 TGA
149(1)
8.3.5 Molecular Weight or Intrinsic Viscosity
149(1)
8.3.6 XRD Results
150(2)
8.3.7 Mechanical Properties
152(4)
8.3.8 Hydrophobic Properties
156(2)
8.4 Processing Difficulties with 2000 MFI PP
158(1)
8.5 Conclusion
158(3)
References
159(2)
9 Conclusions: Meltblowing
161(4)
9.1 Conclusions
161(4)
References
163(2)
10 Comparison of Results and Future Suggestions
165(6)
10.1 Results of the Study
165(1)
10.2 Comparison of Results for the Fabrication of Nanofibres
166(2)
10.2.1 Differences in the Process of Fibre Formation
166(1)
10.2.2 Differences in the Material Performance
166(1)
10.2.3 Differences in the Fibre Properties
167(1)
10.3 Future Suggestions
168(1)
10.4 Publications
169(2)
10.4.1 Journal Publications
169(1)
10.4.2 Conference Publications
169(1)
10.4.3 Book
Chapter
170(1)
References
170(1)
Appendix A Melt Electrospinning 171(8)
Appendix B Meltblowing 179(8)
Index 187