This authoritative reference work presents comprehensive information about one of the most important and most wide-spread classes of (bio)organic compounds: the polysaccharides. The comprehensive and thoroughly up-to-date handbook presents the sources, identification, analysis, biosynthesis, biotechnology and applications of important polysaccharides likes starches, cellulose, chitin, gum and microbial polysaccharides. Polysaccharides can exhibit complex structure and various functional activities. These bio macromolecules can therefore serve as raw materials for various different materials, e.g. rayon, cellulose acetate, celluloid and nitrocellulose; and they find multiple applications, for instance as surgical threads (chitin), as sources of energy, dietary fibers, as blood flow adjuvants, in cosmetics, emulsion stabilizers, film formers, binders, viscosity increasing agents or skin conditioning agenta, as food additives in gums, chewing gum bases and as vaccines. Polysaccharides form the basis for useful products, like xanthan gum, dextran, welan gum, gellan gum, diutan gum and pullulan. Some of the polysaccharide-derived products have interesting and useful properties and show biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antibacterial, anti-mutagenic, radioprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-ulcer, antidepressant, anti-septicaemic or anti-inflammatory activities. All these applications and properties of polysaccharides are for the first time compiled in a thorough and comprehensive overview in the present work. This reference work is organized thematically in four parts: Part I. Polysaccharides: Occurrence, Structure, Distribution and Biotechnology. Part II. Methods. Part III. Bioactive Polysaccharides. Part IV. Polysaccharides as Food. This reference work is edited by experienced experts, all chapters are written by well recognized international specialists. It is useful to all those working in the field of botany, phytochemistry, pharmacy, drug delivery, molecular biology, metabolomics, forestry, environment, conservation, biotechnology and NGOs working for forest protection.
Part I Polysaccharides: Occurrence, Structure, Distribution and
Biotechnology.- Polysaccharides: an introduction (overview).- Bacterial
polysaccharides.- Fungal polysaccharides.- Polysaccharides from lower
plants.- Polysaccharides from higher plants.- Biosynthesis of
polysaccharides.- Life cycle assessment of polysaccharide materials.-
Polysaccharides: applications in biotechnology.- Polysaccharides production
by submerged fermentation.- Fed-batch fermentation of Tuber melanosporum for
the hyperproduction of mycelia and bioactive tuber polysaccharides.-
Production of polysaccharide from Agaricus subrufescens Peck on solid-state
fermentation.- In vitro fermentation and prebiotic potential of novel low
molecular weight polysaccharides derived from agar and alginate seaweeds.-
Biopolymers from marine prokaryotes.- Carrageenan biotechnology.- Dextrans :
biotechnology and applications.- Polysaccharide nanocrystals in future
functional nanomaterials.- Extracellular polysaccharides from cyanobacterial
soil crusts.- Polysaccharide complexes with metal cations: Structure and
application.- Modified gums: Approaches and applications in drug delivery.-
Part II Methods.- Method for deproteinization of bioactive polysaccharides.-
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of water-soluble components and
polysaccharides from medicinal fungi.- Quantification of polysaccharides in
red wines and effect of wine-making techniques.- Extraction methods for
sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweeds.- Microwave synthesized
polysaccharide copolymers.- Analytical methods for lignocellulosic biomass
structural polysaccharides.- Polysaccharides as chiral selectors in capillary
electrophoresis.- Turning polysaccharides into new hydrophobic materials.-
Radiation processing of hydrogel and polysaccharide.- Size-exclusion
chromatography of polysaccharides.- Surface properties of polysaccharides.-
Polysaccharide based biopolymers as an ecofriendly alternative for synthetic
polymers.- NMR spectroscopy ofpolysaccharide derivatives and their molecular
structure.- Biological analysis of hetero-oligosaccharides.- Mass
spectrometric characterization of oligo- and polysaccharides and their
derivatives.- Part III Bioactive Polysaccharides.- Polysaccharides:
applications in biology and biotechnology.- Polysaccharides: applications in
medicine.- Polysaccharide -polypeptide conjugates and immunostimulant
properties.- Bioactive polysaccharide from Ganoderma.- Bioactive
polysaccharide of Aloe.- Extraction, structure and bioactivities of the
polysaccharides from fructus.- Polysaccharides from medicinal mushrooms and
their antitumor activities.- Polysaccharides from the fungus Scleroderma.-
Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the endophytic fungus Berk.-
Algal polysaccharides and health.- Sulfated polysaccharides (fucose rich)
from brown seaweeds and biological activities.- Anticancer polysaccharides
from natural source or mushroom.- Modified polysaccharides as drug delivery.-
Natural polysaccharide hydrogels to control drug release.- Plant
polysaccharides and their biological activities.- Tea polysaccharides and
their bioactivities.- Chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterials.- Gut
microbia, host health and polysaccharides.- Marine polysaccharide matrices
for encapsulation of vaccines in aquaculture.- Part IV Polysaccharides as
Food.- Polysaccharides: structural (pectins, cellulose, xylans, gum,
gumexudates, glycosamines).- Polysaccharides: storage (starch, glycogens,
fructans, guar gum, minor polysaccharides).- Marine Polysaccharides (alginate
and brown sea weeds, carrageenan and red sea weeds, agar, agarose, chitosan
and chitin derivatives).- Bacterial and synthetic polysaccharides (dextrans,
cyclodextrins, gellans, xanthan, pullulan).- Extracellular polysaccharides of
microorganisms.- Pectin An emerging new bioactive food polysaccharide.-
Polysaccharides from boat-fruited Sterculia seeds/plant.- Polysaccharides
from Zizyphus.- Cell wall polysaccharides from fernleaves: Evidence for a
mannan-rich Type III cell wall in Adiantum raddianum.- Non-starch
polysaccharides and their role in animal nutrition.- Health-promoting
potential of edible mushroom polysaccharides.- Cell wall polysaccharides
hydrolysis and malting barley quality.- Dietary polysaccharides and immune
modulation.- Dietary fiber polysaccharides.- Milk protein - polysaccharide
complexes and applications.- Inulin and health benefits.- Polysaccharides
from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) as a component of functional food.
Prof. Dr. Kishan G. Ramawat is Former Professor & Head of the Botany Department, M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India, and can look back on longstanding research experience. He received his Ph.D. in Plant Biotechnology in 1978 from the University of Jodhpur, India and afterwards joined the university as a faculty member. In 1991 he moved to the M.L.Sukhadia University in Udaipur as Associate Professor and became Professor in 2001. He served as the Head of the Department of Botany (2001-2004, 2010-2012), was in charge of the Department of Biotechnology (2003-2004), was a member of the task force on medicinal and aromatic plants of the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi (2002-2005) and coordinated UGC-DRS and DST-FIST programmes (2002-2012). Prof. Ramawat had done his postdoctoral studies at the University of Tours, France from 1983-85, and later returned to Tours as visiting professor (1991). He also visited the University of Bordeaux 2, France several times as visiting professor (1995, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2010), and in 2005 Poland in an academic exchange programme (2005). Through these visits in France, Prof. Ramawat and Prof. Mérillon established a strong connection, which has resulted in productive collaborations and several book and reference work publications. Prof. Ramawat has published more than 170 well cited peer reviewed papers and articles, and edited several books and reference works on topics such as the biotechnology of medicinal plants, secondary metabolites, bioactive molecules, herbal drugs, and many other topics. His research was funded by several funding agencies. In his research group, Prof. Ramawat has supervised doctoral thesis of 25 students. He is an active member of several academic bodies, associations and editorial boards of journals.
Professeur Dr. Jean-Michel Merillon is the « Directeur de lEA 3675 (Groupe dEtude des Substances Vegetales ą Activité Biologique + Polyphenols Biotech) »,at the Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, in Villenave dOrnon, France. He received his M.Pharma. (1979) and Ph.D. (1984) from the University of Tours in France. He joined the University of Tours as assistant professor in 1981, became associate professor in 1987. In 1993 he moved to the faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, France, accepting a position as full professor. He is currently leading the study group on biologically active plant substances at the Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, which comprises 25 scientists and research students. The group has been working on phenolic compounds from vine and wine for many years, mainly complex stilbenes and their involvement in health. Prof. Mérillon has supervised the doctoral theses of 19 students. He is involved in developing teaching on plant biology, natural bioactive compounds and biotechnology. Prof. Mérillon has published more than 145 research papers in internationally recognized journals, resulting in an H index of 35 (documents published between 1996 and 2015). He has co-edited books and reference works on secondary metabolites and biotechnology. Throughout his career, Prof. Mérillon has traveled widely as a senior professor. Scientists from several countries have been and are working in his laboratory, and his research is supported by funding from the Aquitaine Regional Government, the Ministry of Higher Education and Research, and various private companies. In 2004, he founded the technology transfer unit Polyphenols Biotech, providing support for R&D programs for SMEs and major groups from the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agricultural and health-nutrition sectors.
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