| Meet the author |
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xi | |
| Personal introduction |
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xii | |
| Introduction |
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xiii | |
| How to use this book |
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xiv | |
| Glossary of grammatical terms |
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xvi | |
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1 Portuguese spelling, accents and stress |
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1 | (6) |
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The basics of Portuguese spelling |
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Differences between European and Brazilian Portuguese |
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7 | (11) |
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Gender: masculine and feminine words |
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Number: how to form-plurals |
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Uses of the Definite article |
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18 | (8) |
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Agreement of adjectives depending on gender and number |
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A selection of common descriptive adjectives |
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26 | (4) |
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Avoiding the use of -mente |
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5 Comparatives and superlatives |
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30 | (8) |
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How to compare adjectives |
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Expressing Equality and inequality |
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6 Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns |
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38 | (5) |
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Pointing things and people out with demonstrative Adjectives |
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7 Possessive adjectives and pronouns |
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43 | (5) |
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8 Relative pronouns and adjectives |
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48 | (6) |
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Using relative pronouns to join clauses (parts of sentences) |
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54 | (8) |
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62 | (5) |
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11 Negatives, interrogatives and exclamations |
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67 | (7) |
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Interrogatives (questions) |
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74 | (7) |
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How prefixes alter the meaning of a word |
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Expressing affection, awe or criticism with diminutives and augmentatives |
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81 | (6) |
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87 | (7) |
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Cardinal numbers: how to say and write them in Portuguese |
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Ordinal numbers and their use in Portuguese |
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15 Measures and dimensions |
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94 | (6) |
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Units of measure, metric system |
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Other measurement language |
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The points of the compass |
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100 | (10) |
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110 | (14) |
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Direct and indirect object Pronouns |
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Overview of personal pronouns |
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124 | (5) |
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Anoitecer (to get dark -- nightfall) / amanhecer (to get light -- dawn) |
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Faltar, fazer falta, sobrar |
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Doer--when something hurts |
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129 | (7) |
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The general infinitive of the three verb groups in Portuguese |
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The personal infinitive and its uses |
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136 | (7) |
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First conjugation (-ar) verbs |
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Second conjugation (-er) verbs |
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Third conjugation (-ir) verbs |
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21 Radical-changing verbs |
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143 | (4) |
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22 Orthographic-changing verbs |
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147 | (5) |
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Verbs that change their spelling for reasons of pronunciation |
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152 | (6) |
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Formation of reflexive verbs |
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Position of the reflexive pronoun |
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24 Verbs followed by a preposition |
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158 | (5) |
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163 | (5) |
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First conjugation (-ar) verbs |
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Second conjugation (-er) verbs |
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Third conjugation (-ir) verbs |
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Some examples of irregular verbs |
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168 | (5) |
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Usage of the imperfect tense |
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27 Preterite vs. imperfect |
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173 | (6) |
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How to decide between the preterite and the imperfect when talking about the past |
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Estar a fazer (when saying that one event interrupted another) |
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179 | (4) |
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Formation and usage in Portuguese |
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183 | (4) |
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Formation and usage in Portuguese |
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187 | (7) |
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194 | (8) |
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32 Compound tenses -- present perfect |
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202 | (4) |
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The formation of compound tenses |
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Position of pronouns with the present perfect |
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206 | (6) |
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Pluperfect (past perfect) |
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212 | (7) |
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Summary of continuous tenses |
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35 Modal auxiliaries -- must/ought/should/could |
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219 | (5) |
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36 Commands (imperatives) |
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224 | (7) |
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231 | (5) |
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The most common irregular verbs in Portugues |
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236 | (6) |
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Ser -- `permanent' conditions |
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Estar--temporary states or conditions; things that can change |
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242 | (7) |
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Reflexive substitute for the passive |
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40 Tenses of the subjunctive |
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249 | (8) |
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Present perfect subjunctive |
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Pluperfect (past perfect) subjunctive |
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Future perfect subjunctive |
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41 Subjunctive: emotion, doubt, desire, influence |
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257 | (5) |
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42 Subjunctive: impersonal expressions and verbs of opinion |
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262 | (5) |
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43 Subjunctive: conjunctions and hypothesis |
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267 | (4) |
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44 Subjunctive: indefinite and negative antecedents |
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271 | (4) |
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Using the subjunctive with expressions such as `somebody who can...', `nobody who can...' |
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275 | (7) |
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open possibility -- present tense |
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Facts about the past -- past tense |
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Hypothetical, doubtful actions, contrary to fact -- imperfect subjunctive |
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Actions contrary to the statement -- past conditionals |
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Como se... = as if / though... |
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46 Direct and indirect speech |
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282 | (6) |
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How to convert direct to indirect speech in Portuguese |
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Which verbs, tenses, pronouns and possessives to use |
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| European and Brazilian Portuguese: some differences in vocabulary |
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288 | (3) |
| Verb tables |
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291 | (9) |
| Taking it further |
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300 | (8) |
| Key to the exercises |
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308 | |
