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E-grāmata: Powder Flow: Theory, Characterisation and Application

Edited by (Newcastle University, UK.), Edited by (The Chemours Company, USA), Edited by (University of Leeds, UK)
  • Formāts: 222 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-Jul-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-13: 9781788016100
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Powder Flow: Theory, Characterisation and ApplicationPalielināt
  • Formāts: 222 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-Jul-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-13: 9781788016100
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Powder flow has attracted increased attention in recent years as novel formulated and functional products are being developed in powder forms, particularly in pharmaceutical and high value additive manufacturing industries. This book meets a need for a truly integrated modern treatment of dry powder flow, covering theory, robust characterisation techniques, modelling tools and applications.
Written by leaders in the field, the book opens by introducing the wide range of powder processing problems faced by industry, the complexities of powders and the myriad of ways their flow behaviour can be characterised. The authors then move on, with contributions from experts, to describe fundamental properties that can be measured, defining the states of stress and shear rate and the considerations that need to be taken account. By providing a comprehensive treatment of all available characterisation techniques, as well as various modelling tools, the reader obtains a clear, practical overview. Case studies and applications connect theory to practical examples across a broad range of industries.
This book stands out by not only providing the reader with guidance on what to measure but also how to interpret results, ensuring this is an invaluable text for anyone working on powder flow in the chemical, pharmaceutical and manufacturing industries, as well as students and researchers across chemical and process engineering disciplines.

Powder flow has attracted increased attention in recent years as novel formulated and functional products are being developed in powder forms, particularly in pharmaceutical and high value additive manufacturing industries. This book meets a need for a truly integrated modern treatment of dry powder flow, covering theory, robust characterisation techniques, modelling tools and applications. Powder flow has attracted increased attention in recent years as novel formulated and functional products are being developed in powder forms, particularly in pharmaceutical and high value additive manufacturing industries. This book meets a need for a truly integrated modern treatment of dry powder flow, covering theory, robust characterisation techniques, modelling tools and applications.
Written by leaders in the field, the book opens by introducing the wide range of powder processing problems faced by industry, the complexities of powders and the myriad of ways their flow behaviour can be characterised. The authors then move on, with contributions from experts, to describe fundamental properties that can be measured, defining the states of stress and shear rate and the considerations that need to be taken account. By providing a comprehensive treatment of all available characterisation techniques, as well as various modelling tools, the reader obtains a clear, practical overview. Case studies and applications connect theory to practical examples across a broad range of industries.
This book stands out by not only providing the reader with guidance on what to measure but also how to interpret results, ensuring this is an invaluable text for anyone working on powder flow in the chemical, pharmaceutical and manufacturing industries, as well as students and researchers across chemical and process engineering disciplines.

Powder flow has attracted increased attention in recent years. This book stands out by not only providing the reader with guidance on what to measure but also how to interpret results.
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(2)
A. Hassanpour
C. Hare
References
3(1)
Chapter 2 Flow Related Properties of Bulk Particulate Systems
4(1)
A. de Ryck
C. Hare
2.1 Introduction
4(1)
2.2 Compressibility Response
5(2)
2.2.1 Large Particles or Sand-like Bulk Solids
6(1)
2.2.2 Fine or Wet Particles
6(1)
2.3 The Concept of Unconfined Yield Stress
7(1)
2.4 Flow-function Response
8(1)
2.5 Frictional Properties
9(1)
2.5.1 The Mohr-Coulomb Criterion
9(5)
2.5.2 Measurements of Bulk Material Properties
14(3)
2.5.3 Wall Friction
17(2)
2.6 Fluidisation Properties
19(4)
2.7 Single Particle and Environmental Properties, and Their Impact on Bulk Behaviour
23(1)
2.7.1 Particle Size, Shape and Roughness
23(3)
2.7.2 Particle Size Distribution
26(2)
2.7.3 Single Particle Cohesion
28(5)
2.8 Density (Single Particle; True/Envelope; and Loose, Tapped and Compressed Bulk)
33(2)
2.9 Concluding Remarks
35(4)
Acknowledgements
36(1)
References
36(3)
Chapter 3 Prevailing Conditions of Flow in Particulate Systems
39(1)
M. Alizadeh Behjani
M. Pasha
Haifeng Lu
C. Hare
A. Hassanpour
3.1 Introduction
39(1)
3.2 Stresses in Containers
40(1)
3.2.1 Bulk Solid Stress Versus the Liquid Hydrostatic Pressure
40(4)
3.2.2 Estimation of Stress in a Straight Section
44(2)
3.2.3 The Rankine States
46(1)
3.2.4 Walter's Switch Stress Analysis
47(1)
3.3 Strain Rate Dependency
48(7)
3.3.1 Static Regime
49(1)
3.3.2 Quasi-static Regime
49(1)
3.3.3 Intermediate Flow Regime
50(3)
3.3.4 Rapid Granular Flow Regime
53(2)
3.4 Effects of Environmental Conditions on Powder Flow
55(1)
3.4.1 Temperature
55(1)
3.4.2 Relative Humidity
56(1)
3.4.3 Electrostatics
57(1)
3.5 Time Consolidation and Creep Effect
58(2)
3.5.1 Time Consolidation
58(1)
3.5.2 Mechanisms of Creep
58(1)
3.5.3 Macroscopic Creep Effects
59(1)
3.5.4 Preventing Creep
60(1)
3.6 Concluding Remarks
60(4)
References
61(3)
Chapter 4 Bulk Powder Flow Characterisation Techniques
64(1)
D. Barletta
M. Poletto
A. C. Santomaso
4.1 Introduction
64(1)
4.2 Static Methods
65(1)
4.2.1 Angles of Repose
65(5)
4.2.2 Bulk Density Ratios (BDRs)
70(6)
4.3 Dynamic Methods
76(1)
4.3.1 Flow Through Orifices
76(2)
4.3.2 Vibration Assisted Methods
78(3)
4.3.3 Avalanche Analysis Method (AAM)
81(2)
4.3.4 Powder PJieometers
83(6)
4.4 Defined Consolidation Methods
89(1)
4.4.1 Direct Shear Testers
89(19)
4.4.2 Indirect Shear testers
108(13)
4.4.3 Tensile Testers
121(11)
4.4.4 Wall Friction Testers
132(6)
4.5 Summary of Measurement Methods
138(3)
References
141(6)
Chapter 5 Modelling of Powder Flow
147(1)
Y. Guo
C. Pei
A. Krok
L. Zhang
C. Y. Wu
M. Alizadeh Behjani
A. Hassanpour
5.1 Introduction
147(1)
5.2 Continuum Approach
148(1)
5.2.1 Finite Element Method (FEM)
148(6)
5.2.2 Material Point Method (MPM)
154(2)
5.3 Discrete Element Method (DEM)
156(1)
5.3.1 DEM Modelling of a Ring Shear Test
157(5)
5.3.2 DEM Modelling of Granular Shear Flows
162(7)
5.4 Stress-Strain Dependency in Granular Flow
169(4)
5.4.1 Discrete Modelling of the Couette Device
170(2)
5.4.2 DEM Simulation of Ball Indentation Under Varying Strain Rate
172(1)
5.5 Concluding Remarks
173(1)
References
174(3)
Chapter 6 Applications and Case Studies
177(1)
U. Zafar
V. Vivacqua
A. Hassanpour
G. Raso
M. Marigo
6.1 Introduction
177(1)
6.2 Powder Flow and Powder Properties: Discharge from a Small Container (Case Study 1)
177(1)
6.2.1 Materials
178(2)
6.2.2 Discharge Flow Rates
180(2)
6.2.3 Flowability Assessment
182(1)
6.2.4 Bulk Density
182(1)
6.2.5 Particle Shape and Size Distribution
182(3)
6.2.6 Wall Friction
185(1)
6.2.7 Triboelectric Charging
185(4)
6.2.8 Time Consolidation
189(1)
6.2.9 Correlation
190(1)
6.3 Powder Flow and Process Conditions (Case Study 2)
191(1)
6.3.1 Shear Testing at Low Consolidation Stress
192(3)
6.3.2 Effect of Moisture
195(3)
6.3.3 Effect of Temperature
198(1)
6.3.4 Powder Rheometry and Die Filling
199(5)
6.3.5 Triboelectric Charge and Adhesion during Tabletting
204(1)
6.4 Concluding Remarks
205(4)
References
207(2)
Chapter 7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
209(1)
C. Hare
A. Hassanpour
7.1 Powder Flow Theory
209(1)
7.2 Powder Flow Characterisation
210(2)
7.3 Powder Flow Applications
212(1)
7.4 What the Future Holds
213(2)
References
214(1)
Subject Index 215
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